• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-146
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• 2011

This study is daily life research which aims to explore people's daily lives using a time dairy survey. The purpose of this study is to develop a typology of early, elderly over 55-year-olds using the 2009 Korean Time Use Survey. The results suggest that each man and woman can be classified according to three dimensions which are work time, housework time, and leisure time. Four groups of men are described: the work and leisure balanced type, the work-oriented type, the leisure-oriented type, and the leisure with housework type. Four groups of women are illustrated: the work-oriented type, the leisure-oriented type, the housework-oriented type, and the passive type. The eight groups are characterized by age, education, income, spouse, gender role, lack of time, and satisfaction of time use.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.601-608
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• 2021

This study was conducted using data from the 2019 National Statistical Office's Life Time Survey, It was to investigate the effect of time-perception on the time-use pattern of 594 single middle-aged women in the city. This study found that there were differences of time management for daily behaviors between the insufficiently-percieved group and the sufficiently-percieved group. The both spent the most time with personal management. Secondly, the sufficiently-perceived group spent the more time with leisure activities than the insufficiently one did; the insufficiently-perceived one did the more work than the sufficiently-perceived one. The founding suggested the difference of time-use pattern by time-perception of the middle-aged women in the city. Also, the leisure activities and work were key factors to understand the daily life of the city-living middle-aged women.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the activities of daily living on time-use of the Elderly in facility. This study is also to provide basic data of the redesign time management and lifestyle as occupational therapy. Methods : The subjects were 20 elderly people (over 65 years) who live in S institution of Daejeun from August 11th, to August 22th in 2008. We used time table, interview and FIM which was to evaluate the ability to collect the general characteristics of these subjects(gender, age, moving period, education). Results : There was no significant different between the general characteristics of the subjects and activity of daily living. The more they spent time in Active BADL and IADL, the more they got higher scores in ADL performance ability(p<0.01). The more they spent time in the more they got higher score in ADL performance ability(p<0.05). Conclusion : We could know the amount of spending time of the elderly in Daejeun area facility and it related to activity of daily living. To improve the efficiency of time-use of the elderly, it is needed the role of occupational therapists. They should prepare a intervention to maintain active and positive life of the elderly.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 2005

This paper gives special attention to the changes of time use patterns of the German population for eating and drinking as well as for household work. It especially examines the changes in time use for meals eaten at home and away from home as well as the division of labour for nutrition provision activities between men and women. The presented results originated from two time budget surveys conducted in Germany in 1991/92 and 2001/02. In a secondary analysis time use patterns for eating and drinking and nutrition provision activities were examined on a base of a representative sample of 12600 private households. Surprisingly the amount of time spent on eating and drinking increased over the period. More Germans ate away from home at least once a day, whereas meals at home were still dominant. Moreover comparisons over time revealed that the share in household and food provisioning work has narrowed between men and women, especially in households with both partners being employed. Overall the analysis shows that time use data allow general statements regarding the amount and changes of time spent on daily eating, household work and especially food provision activities. The extent of women's employment has shown to be most decisive for an equal division of household work between gender. To be able to better interpret the results and to understand the consequences for family life, it is necessary to complement time use data with qualitative interviews to gain comprehensive insight into peoples nutrition goals, motives and barriers of action.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.326-340
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• 2017

This study explores the daily life of Korean designers in New York. We use in-depth interviews within the daily lives of participants to first reveal the time structure and meaning of everyday life. In this everyday time frame, this study reveals the content and meaning of life in New York, which is especially useful for fashion majors. Participants were 11 single Korean women around 30 years old working as designers in New York. Data was collected from Manhattan, New York, from November 2013 to February 2014 through the use of in-depth interviews and participant observation. Data collected daily life information on time usage, money, and energy that is first summarized into 229 meaning units. In the following, 55 central meanings were derived from stories common to behaviors for study participants and 19 subcategories were compressed into academic language. Finally, the generalized categories are divided into six categories of study life, work life, future life, family life, leisure life and fashion life. As a result of the first study, the daily time structure consisted of customary public time and personal repeat time. Second, the customary public time categories included the studying for 'Beginning to jump again to the best', 'Now working as a designer in New York', and future life expecting 'Future growing as a career woman'. Repeated personal time categories include family life: 'A single life of a lonely and poor gentile', leisure life: 'Healing life that is supported by abundant advanced culture', and fashion life: 'New York fashion life coexist with harmony'. Third, work was the center of everyday life for study participants versus fashion and leisure that were central to everyday life when not working.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.135-143
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of the characteristics of the daily urban water use. The city of Kwangju in Korea was selected as a study area. The population of Kwangju in the end of 1993 was more than one million and two hundred thousand peoples. The average of daily water use in 1993 was about three hundred and fifty thousand tons a day. The variation of the urban water demand trend with time for a day was studied. One day was devided into 12 divisions with a 2hour increment. The water use demand for the given time interval of a day was observed. The water use index was defind in percentage that indicates the ratio of the amount of water use for a time interval to the amount of water use for a day. The water use index was found to be useful to manage and to operate the water supply systems. In addition to this, the probability distribution of the water use demand for each time interval was tested using the K-S(Komogorov-Smirnov) method. The normal distribution type was found to be appropriate as the probability distribution type for the variation of water demand for the given time interval of a day.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07b
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• pp.578-580
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• 1995

In this paper, a method for the daily maximum load forecasting which uses a chaotic time series in power system and artificial neural network. We find the characteristics of chaos in power load curve and then determine a optimal embedding dimension and delay time, For the load forecast of one day ahead daily maximum power, we use the time series load data obtained in previous year. By using of embedding dimension and delay time, we construct a strange attractor in pseudo phase plane and the artificial neural network model trained with the attractor font mentioned above. The one day ahead forecast errors are about 1.4% of absolute percentage average error.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to prepare evidence for the prevention and management of nonspecific chronic neck pain (NSCNP) by examining the correlation between activity of daily living and physical activities of office workers with NSCNP. Design: Crossed-sectional study Methods: 89 patients with NSCNP were recruited for this study. But 2 subjects met the exclusion criteria and were dropped out, and 86 subjects finally participated. Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and neck disability index (NDI) were used to check the pain intensity and disability of patients with neck pain, respectively. For the activity of daily living, computer use time, sleep time, and driving time were used. To find out the physical activities of the subjects, International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ-SF) was used. Correlation analysis was performed to find out the correlation of each variable. Results: A clear positive correlation was established between computer use time and pain (p<0.05), and a clear positive correlation was established between computer use time and disability index (p<0.05). The correlation between NPRS and NDI and physical activity total time, high intensity activity score, moderate intensity activity score, and walking score were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: In treating patients with NSCNP, it is necessary to reduce the computer usage time as a professional factor or to educate the proper posture. In addition, rather than emphasizing physically comprehensive physical activity, grafting therapeutic exercise directly related to neck pain could have a more positive effect on NSCNP patients.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the family's meals of the daily time use and to examine how shared meals time together with family is influenced by socio-demographic variables. The Time Use Survey data collected by Korean National Statistical Office in 2009 is used. Among the total sample of 21,000 individuals, 9,179 samples who are married, aged from 20 to 59 years old and non-farmers are selected for analysis. The statistical methods are frequency, percentage, and censored regression model. The following is a summary of the major findings. The first, compared with the research results in 1999 and 2004, the time use of meals by adults is longer. But average time of family meals decreases and rates of family meals participants 2009 decrease 5.6% than 1999. Secondly, the family meals time increases from about 36 minutes on weekdays to about an hours at weekends. Regardless of the day, the women's family meals time is longer than that of men's. Thirdly, the influencing factors on family meals are sex, age, education, presence or absence of spouses, monthly income, weekly working hours and presence or absence of preschoolers. And the magnitude of gender differences in daily shared meals is not particularly large except in the case of some socio-demographic variables. Regardless of the day, women's family meals time is more affected by either dual-earner status or monthly income than that of men's.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.145-162
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare time use pattern of Korean working couples with those of Japanese counterparts. The data for240 Korean couples living in Seoul and 162 Japanese couples living in Tokyo were collected using structured questionnaire and time diary. The time use patterns of couples were analyzed according to employed status of wives. The results were as follows. The similar time use patterns were found between couples of two country. However the amount of time allocated for daily activities was found to be somewhat different. The amount of time spent by husbands on paid and house work was found to be different according to their wives employment status. The orean husbands of full-time employed wives and the Japanese husbands of part time employed wives spent the longest time on paid work. The Japanese husbands of full-time employed wives spent much more time on housework than those of Korean counterparts did. The social-cultural time of Korean couples was enerally longer than that of Japanese couples. The Korean couples spent more time on watching TV whereas the Japanese couples used more time doing family activities hobbies and moving for social-cultural activities.