• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.34-38
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the energy expenditure of normal-weight and overweight Korean middle-aged women (40-60 yr). Middle-aged oveweight ($BMI\;{\geq}\;25$, n= 20) and normal-weight women were ($BMI\;{\leq}\;23$, n = 20) were recruited in Seoul. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, energy intake, daily activity time, and energy costs of some daily activities were measured. Energy expenditure at rest and while reading the newspaper, washing dishes, mopping the floor, and walking on a treadmill at 1.0, 2.0, 3.5mph were measured by indirect calorimeter and total daily energy expenditure was estimated by summation of energy costs of different activities. The overweight group had significantly higher values of body weight, triceps skinfold thickness, thigh circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, WTR, WHR, body surface area, percentage body fat, fat mass, fat free mass (FFM), and muscle mass compared to normal-weight group. The energy intakes of both groups were close to RDA and other nutrient intake status was also satisfactory. There were no significant differences in intakes of energy and nutrients between the two groups. Overweight subjects showed lower energy expenditure per kg body weight for reading the newspaper, washing dishes and mopping the floor, and walking on a treadmill at 2.0 and 3.5 mph, however, energy expenditure per kg FFM did not differ between the two groups. Daily energy expenditure for all activities was significantly higher in the overweight compared to the normal-weight group due to higher body weight. Both overweight and normal-weight groups showed negative energy balance between energy intake and energy expenditure, and there was no significant difference in energy balance between the two roups. Total daily energy expenditure correlated highly with FFM and body surface area. The result of present study does not offer an explanation on the energy imbalance and weight gain of overweight women.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.645-653
• /
• 2018

Twenty-five sows and 265 piglets (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary energy level on the pre-weaning and post-weaning performance of piglets and first parity sows. Sows with an average initial B.W. of $217.54{\pm}25.47kg$ were randomly assigned to 2 treatments. The treatments consisted of a T1 diet containing 3,100 kcal, and the T2 diet contained 3400 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg, respectively. Data were analyzed using Duncan statements to test the effect of the dietary energy levels on growth performance in lactating sows and piglets. In this study, Dietary T2 sows had a greater number of weaned piglets per litter (p < 0.05). Dietary T2 had a higher (p < 0.05) body weight than that of T1 in the weanlings, meanwhile it had a higher total average daily gain (p < 0.05) than that of T1. Dietary T1 had a higher average feed intake than that of T2 in gestation and lactation. There were no significant differences on the litter size or litter birth weight. No differences (p > 0.05) were noted in the survival of the piglets as well as in the backfat thickness and body weight loss in sows. In conclusion, these results show that high-energy diets had no effect on the body weight and backfat thickness of sows during gestation and lactation but influenced the body weight and average daily gain of weanling pigs during the lactation period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 1988

Thirty five crossbred male lambs of about 8 months age, with an average body weight of 24 kg were divided into 7 groups of 5 lambs each and were fed urea molasses blocks (UMB) for 150 days (groups 1 to 5); having, 4, 6, 8 and 10% urea respectively; while group 6 was fed concentrate @318 g per head daily and 7th group was kept as control i.e. grazing only. Daily consumption of UMB/concentrate was found to be 318, 246, 211, 93 and 318 g/d for groups 1 to 6, respectively. The statistical differences in consumption between group 1 and group 6, and group 2, 3 and 4 were found to be non-significant. Only group 5 differed statistically from all other groups. The average daily gain was 48, 29, 39, 38, 25 and 66 grams for groups 1 to 6 respectively, while group no. 7 lost 11 g/head/day. The differences in weight gain among groups 1, 3, 4 and 6 were non significant. The expenditure per kg body weight gain was found to be ($Rs^C$) 9.53, 12.45, 8.05, 7.99, 3.69 and 10.85 for groups 1 to 6, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.1449-1457
• /
• 2018

Objective: The objective was to evaluate feed intake, digestibility, body weight change and carcass characteristics of sheep fed a basal diet of hay supplemented with banana leaves and silver leaf desmodium. Methods: Thirty yearling lambs with an average initial body weight of $15.85{\pm}1.6kg$ were grouped into six blocks of five rams in each block. The treatments were: hay alone (T1), hay+100% banana leaf (T2), hay+67% banana leaf+33% desmodium leaf (T3), hay+33% banana leaf+67% desmodium leaf (T4), andhay+100% desmodium leaf (T5). Three hundred grams of treatment diets were offered daily on as fed basis. The feeding and digestibility trials lasted for 84 and 7 days, respectively, followed by carcass evaluation. Results: The total dry matter (DM) intake for T3, T4, and T5 were greater (p<0.05) than those fed T1 and T2 diets. The lowest (p<0.05) organic matter (OM) intake was recorded in rams reared on T1 diet. The total crude protein (CP) intake was in the following order: T5>T4>T3>T2>T1. Ram lambs receiving supplementary diets had higher (p<0.05) DM, OM, CP, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility compared with the control diet. The empty body weight and slaughter weight was highest (p<0.05) in rams receiving T3, T4, and T5 diets. The average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency was highest (p<0.05) in rams receiving the supplementary diets. The dressing percentage on the basis of hot carcass weight linearly increased with increasing levels of desmodium. Rams reared on supplementary diet had higher (p<0.05) rib eye area compared with the control diet. Conclusion: In conclusion, when banana leaf is used as a supplement to poor quality grass, better body weight gain was obtained when fed in combination with desmodium.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.244-253
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance indices among male commercial crossbred Korean native chickens from hatch to twelve weeks of age. A total of 312 one-day-old male birds were used for 6 groups of the commercial crossbred Korean native chicken within 1 paternal line and 6 maternal lines (1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, and 6A). The chickens were allocated to 24 battery cages to give 4 replicates per each crossbreed with 13 chickens per cage. Ad-libitum feeding was practiced throughout the experimental period and fresh water was available via nipple drinkers at all times. Body weight and feed intake were measured at two-week interval. Among six crossbreeds, the 2A group had the greatest (p < 0.05) body weight at week 8 and the greatest average daily weight gain in week 6 - 8. However, crossbreed 2A had the lowest viability (p < 0.05) at week 8 of all crossbreed groups as well as higher uniformity (p > 0.05) at week 2 than the others. No difference (p < 0.05) was found in any crossbreed Korean native chicken's growth performance indices including body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed efficiency, uniformity, and viability after week 8. With this in mind, crossbreed 2A had greater bodyweight, average daily gain, average feed intake, and feed efficiency than the other Korean native chickens 84 days after hatch, although they had lower uniformity and viability than the others.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1993

This experiment was carried out to examine the effects of urea-treated rice straw feeding on the growth performance of crossbred Holstein heifers under different feeding conditions. In the first experiment, the animals were given diets having 2 levels of TDN and CP and 3 levels of crude fiber (22, 30 and 36%) which were formulated with urea-treated rice straw and concentrates. Daily weight gain of heifers was not different between 22% and 30% CF diets, but the reduction of TDN or CP level to 90% of the requirements decreased the weight gain. Fiber content of 36% also reduced the body weight gain. The reduction of TDN significantly reduced DM intake and increased feed conversion ratio. Feed cost per kg weight gain was significantly increased by an increase in CF to 36%. In the second experiment, separate feeding and total mixing feeding were compared. There were no significant differences between the two feeding systems in body weight gain although the possibility of superiority in SF to TMF remained. DM intake was not affected by the feeding system, but 30% CF diet gave higher DM intake. Feed cost per kg weight gain was lower in the 30% CF diet.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2004

Nutrition plays an important role in maintaining the larval health, cocoon quality and reproductive potential in Antheraea mylitta D. Nutritional efficiency greatly influenced if food is not adequate and of quality. A. mylitta silkworms were subjected to food deprivation for the period of 0 hr to 12 hrs /day to assess its effect on various nutritional parameters and indices, and its manifestation at different levels. Food ingesta, digesta, gain in body weight declined significantly at each level of deprivation, so also food utilization efficiency like consumption index (CI), growth rate (GR), approximate digestibility (AD), and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI). This stress leads to decline in mean daily food ingesta by 16.73% to 39.76% and digesta by 28.98% to 54.01 % following a significant reduction in average daily body weight gain (27.68% to 55.09%). Food deprivation a1so caused significant loss in the silk gland weight, cocoon and shell weight (14.37% to 53.69%), lowered the fecundity (35.86 % to 83.59%) and in number of eggs laid per gram body weight, but simultaneously the number of non-chorionated eggs increased significantly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.268-271
• /
• 1998

Twenty crossbred calves of $88{\pm}5.5kg$ initial live weight and 3-4 month of age were divided into two groups and fed wheat straw and concentrate to support a 500 g daily gain in body weight. Calves in the experimental group (YC) were given a daily dose of 10 ml yeast cell suspension (YC) containing live cells $(5{\times}10^9 cells/ml)$ of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ITCCF 2094. After a growth study of 122 days metabolism trials were conducted. The calves in the YC group recorded a daily weigt gain of $492{\pm}27.8g$ as compared to $476{\pm}20.1g$ in control group. There were no significant differences in feed intake, nutrient digestibility, feed/gain ratio and nitrogen retention between the YC supplemented and control groups.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.565-575
• /
• 2011

Recently, the use of antibiotics to improve animal productivity in livestock industry was strictly restricted. For these reason, probiotics have been regarded as one of promising materials for an antibiotic alternative. In this study, we investigated how the probiotics influences on the performance of broiler chicken via meta-analysis. Eighteen researches from 1997 to 2010 were used for meta-analysis. The standard summary effects were calculated via fixed effect model and random effect model (Borenstein et al., 2009). Heterogeneity was calculated by using the Cochran's Q statistics (Kook et al., 2009) and publication bias was calculated via Egger's regression (Lee et al., 2011). In fixed model average daily gain, body weight serum protein content and cecal LAB showed positive effect significantly. Feed intake, feed/gain and serum cholesterol showed significant negative effect. In serum triglyceride, negative effect was found but significance was not shown. In random model, average daily gain body weight and cecal LAB showed positive effects with significance and feed/gain and serum cholesterol represented significant negative effects. Publication bias was found only in feed/gain.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2001

In the present study, we investigated the effect of pretreatment of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia in rats. First of all, effects of PCPA injection on food intake and body weight in rats were investigated. During 4 days of PCPA injection (300 mg/kg BW once a day), food intake was decreased by 33% and daily gain in body weight was inhibited compared with controls. Twenty-four hours after last PCPA injection, food intake and gain in body weight returned toward almost normal. Pair-feeding to PCPA (PCPAP) injection revealed that body weight of rats in PCPA group was not different from rats in PCPAP groups. To quantify the effects of LPS on food intake and body weight, we administered varying doses $(10,\;100,\;500\;{\mu}g/kg\;BW)$ of LPS to rats. LPS induced a reduction of food intake and weight loss in a dose dependent manner compared with controls. To evaluate the effects of PCPA pretreatment on LPS injection, rats were treated with PCPA for 4 days (300 mg/kg BW once a day), which was followed by LPS injection for 2 days $(500\;{\mu}g/kg\;BW\;once\;a\;day)$ (PCPA+LPS group), while rats in LPS group had injections with normal saline instead of PCPA for 4 days, which was followed by LPS administration. Rats in control group received 0.9% NaCl for 6 days. LPS decreased food intake by 80% and inhibited gain in body weight, while PCPA pretreated rats showed normalized food intake and gain in weight during the days of LPS injections compared with controls. In conclusion, pretreatment of PCPA prevented LPS-induced anorexia.