• 응용통계연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

한국의 네 개 도시(서울, 대구, 춘천, 영천)의 일일 최고기온을 모형화하여, 이에 적합한 분포를 제안하고 분포의 적합성을 여러 가지 방법에 의하여 검토하였다. 제안된 분포는 극단간 분포의 일종이며, 적합성 검토는 카이제곱 적합도 검정, Q-Q plot,확률 그림과 5000번의 모의실험을 통하여 허용한계를 구하였다 그 결과 제안된 극단간 분포(Extreme Value Distribution)가 일일 최고기온을 잘 설명하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 논문에서 나타난 실제 데이터의 그림은 서울의 1월과 6월을 중심으로 하였고, 대상지역의 2006년과 100년 후 2105년의 평균기온과, 제 안된 극단값 분포에 의해 95% 신뢰구간하에서 일일 최고기온의 평균 상한값을 예측하였다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.313-326
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between milk and milk product consumption and dietary nutrient intake among Korean adolescents. Questionnaire survey and 3-day diet survey using the food record method were completed by a total of 664 subjects. Subjects were divided into three groups, Q1 (low group), Q2 (middle group), and Q3 (high group), according to dairy equivalent of calcium. Dairy equivalent of calcium was determined by the amount of calcium eaten from milk and milk products by individual subjects. As a result, the ratio of school milk service was higher in Q3 (P<0.001). The most frequent answer about the reason for consuming milk and milk products was 'to be taller' followed by 'good taste' and 'health promotion'. Preference for all types of milk such as white-, enriched-, and flavored-milk was higher in Q3 followed by Q2>Q1 (P<0.05). Ratio of mean daily dietary nutrient intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin C, folate, and calcium to RNI was lower than 2/3 for all of the groups. These mean daily dietary nutrient intakes were significantly higher in Q3 (P<0.05), and in particular, mean daily dietary calcium intake, which was the lowest nutrient consumed by Korean adolescents, was also the highest in Q3 followed by Q2>Q1 (P<0.05). The above results suggest that the school milk program is very helpful in encouraging adolescents to consume milk and milk products and consequently ensure their optimal nutrition. Therefore, we should try to encourage adolescents to participate in the school milk program more actively through nutritional education and government policy.

• 대한방사선치료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한방사선치료학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.19-22
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• 2005

방사선 종양학과에서 실시하고 있는 일일 정도관리 항목인 out put laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator 점검을 간편하고 정확하게 할 수 있도록 phantom 모양의 daily check device를 설계하고 제작하였다. 본 장치를 사용하여 4개월(2005. $2\~5$)월 동안 4대의 선형가속기 일일 정도관리에 사용한 곁과 측정과정이 편리하고 시간이 단축되어 일일점검의 효율성이 향상 되었고, 출력선량 측정은 각 장비별로 ${\pm}\;2\%$ 이내였으며 laser, field size, SSD indicator 는 ${\pm}\;1mm$ 이내의 범위에서 측정되었다. 일일 정도관리 기록을 기초로 하여 월간, 연간 정도관리의 객관적인 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있었다. 제작된 daily check device는 기존 상품화된 고가의 측정 장비를 대체 사용가능하게 함으로써 비용절감 효과가 기대되며, 향후 장치 재질의 견고성 및 가벼운 소재의 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.577-586
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• 2009

Aging is associated with decreased energy expenditure, thermogenesis and energy requirements. Maintenance of physical fitness of the elderly has been reported to reduce the rate at which the basal metabolic rate, muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass and bone density deteriorate. Skeletal muscle disease is known to increase the risk of physical disability and psychological problems. This study was conducted to investigate changes in disability, emotional problems, body compositions, obesity indices and nutrient intake levels according to physical fitness with the elderly in rural areas. According to the results, physical fitness was negatively related with Activities of Daily Living(ADL, p<0.05), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL, p<0.001), Body Mass Index(BMI, p<0.001) and abdominal obesity(p<0.05), while it showed a positive correlation with the General Self Efficacy Scale(GSES)(p<0.001) and nutrient intake(p<0.05). When changes in these factors were compared according to the range of quartile of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale(FAB Scale), GSES(Q1=35.3, Q2=43.5, Q3=53.2, Q4=51.9, p<0.001), BMI(Q1=36.1%, Q2=34.7%, Q3=33.2%, Q4=28.6%, p<0.01), abdominal obesity(Q1=1.02, Q2=0.99, Q3=0.97, Q4=0.94, p<0.001) and nutrient intake(Q1=71.1%, Q2=75.4%, Q3=80.6%, Q4=80.2%, p<0.05) differed significantly. Taken together, these results suggested that better physical fitness would lead to a reduction in negative factors including physical disability and obesity indices, but to an increase in positive factors such as GSES and nutrient intake. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the development of programs to promote the health of the elderly in a local society.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral supplementation of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) for 4 weeks on the plasma free oxygen radical and total antioxidant capacity at resting and after one bout exercise in healthy old men. Thirty volunteers with an average (+/-SD) age of 62.59+/-5.3 years participated in this study and were divided with three groups; CoQ10 (200 mg daily) group, vitamin C & E (800mg, 400 IU daily) group, and placebo group. A cycle exercise (60% HRR) test was performed at the end of study. Blood samples were taken for the analyses at rest and pre-, post-, 30min after cycle exercise, before and after the 4 weeks of supplementation. After supplementation, there were no significant differences in the plasma free oxygen radical levels and total antioxidant capacity at resting. Plasma free oxygen radical level and total antioxidant capacity in three groups were significantly elevated after exercise, however, it did not vary significantly between groups. CoQ10 supplementation showed significant difference in total antioxidant capacity during recovery phase compared with placebo group. Our results demonstrated that supplementation of CoQ10 in healthy old men improve blood total antioxidant capacity after one bout exercise, despite no alteration of plasma free oxygen radical levels.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2003

Losses in the dry weight of leaf litter from six tree species were studied during 16 months on the forest floor in temperate deciduous forest of Mt. Cheonma in the vicinity of Seoul in Korea by using litter bag method. The decomposition rate of each leaf litter varies with each species. After 16 months elapsed, the leaf litter of Acer pseudo-sieboidianum showed the highest decomposition constant (0.82) as Olson´s decomposition constant, while that of Pinus densiflora showed the lowest decomposition constant (0.33). The decomposition constant of Quercus mongolica, Q. serrata, Betula ermani and Carpinus laxiflora showed 0.43, 0.37, 0.66 and 0.75, respectively. The decomposition constant of leaf litter was considered with temperature and precipitation which accumulated daily during each term of litter bag collection. The decomposition constant of leaf litter showed closely positive correlation with daily accumulative temperature and precipitation. The relationships between decomposition constant and the daily accumulative temperature and precipitation at each period of litter bag collection were analyzed through multi-regression analysis. The correlation coefficients as a result of multi-regression analysis in Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, P densiflora, B. ermani, C. laxiflorais and A. pseudo-sieboldianum were 0.83, 0.81, 0.69, 0.77, 0.77 and 0.62, respectively. The precipitation showed higher effect, about 10 times, on the leaf litter decomposition than the daily accumulative temperature.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2018

Solvents can be used in the manufacture of medicinal products provided their residual levels in the final product comply with the acceptable limits based on safety data. At worldwide level, these limits are set by the "Guideline Q3C (R6) on impurities: guideline for residual solvents" issued by the ICH. Diisopropyl ether (DIPE) is a widely used solvent but the possibility of using it in the pharmaceutical manufacture is uncertain because the ICH Q3C guideline includes it in the group of solvents for which "no adequate toxicological data on which to base a Permitted Daily Exposure (PDE) was found". We performed a risk assessment of DIPE based on available toxicological data, after carefully assessing their reliability using the Klimisch score approach. We found sufficiently reliable studies investigating subchronic, developmental, neurological toxicity and carcinogenicity in rats and genotoxicity in vitro. Recent studies also investigated a wide array of toxic effects of gasoline/DIPE mixtures as compared to gasoline alone, thus allowing identifying the effects of DIPE itself. These data allowed a comprehensive toxicological evaluation of DIPE. The main target organs of DIPE toxicity were liver and kidney. DIPE was not teratogen and had no genotoxic effects, either in vitro or in vivo. However, it appeared to increase the number of malignant tumors in rats. Therefore, DIPE could be considered as a non-genotoxic animal carcinogen and a PDE of 0.98 mg/day was calculated based on the lowest No Observed Effect Level (NOEL) value of $356mg/m^3$ (corresponding to 49 mg/kg/day) for maternal toxicity in developmental rat toxicity study. In a worst-case scenario, using an exceedingly high daily dose of 10 g/day, allowed DIPE concentration in pharmaceutical substances would be 98 ppm, which is in the range of concentration limits for ICH Q3C guideline class 2 solvents. This result might be considered for regulatory decisions.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.519-528
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• 2003

Background. In Seoul, Korea, 70% of all adult males are reported to be smokers, and guidelines to smoking cessation generally include ways to help smokers avoid situations of smoking temptation. However the phenomenon of smoking temptation has been scarcely studied. Therefore, it is critical to acquire a better under-standing of smoking temptation for more effective nursing practice. Aim. This study intends to analyze the subjectivity of smoking temptation. Design. Q-methodology, which applies a scientific method to subjectivity, was utilized. Findings. Five distinct smoking temptation modalities, on Q-types, emerged from the Q-sort: 1) Urge to facilitate interpersonal relation; 2) Psychological desire for tranquility; 3) Habituation in social life; 4) Habituation in daily life; and, 5) Nicotine craving combined with daily routine. Conclusion. It is hoped that analysis of the five types of smoking temptation identified in this study will contribute to the body of knowledge and a better understanding of why smokers are addicted to smoking.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2016

본 연구는 산업체근로자들의 직무스트레스와 카페인 섭취량을 알아보고, 직무스트레스에 따른 카페인 섭취량과의 관련성에 대해 살펴보고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상자의 직무스트레스 총합은 100점 환산 기준으로 $72.7{\pm}6.8$점으로 나타났으며, 연구 대상자들의 직무스트레스 정도에 따라 스트레스를 가장 적게 받는 그룹은 Q1, 스트레스를 적게 받는 그룹은 Q2, 스트레스를 많이 받는 그룹은 Q3, 스트레스를 가장 많이 받는 그룹은 Q4로 구분 하였다. 이들이 느끼는 스트레스는 조직적 관리체계에 대한 스트레스가 $21.9{\pm}3.3$점으로 직무요구도 $19.9{\pm}5.1$점, 보상 부적절 $16.1{\pm}2.5$점, 직무자율성 결여 $14.7{\pm}2.1$점에 비해 가장 높았다. 카페인에 대한 인지도 조사결과 카페인이 건강에 미칠 영향에 대해 스트레스가 가장 높은 군 (Q4)에서 '적당히 마시면 도움이 되고 해롭지 않다' 57.1%, '적게 마실수록 좋다'고 응답한 사람들이 17.3%로 스트레스가 많을수록 카페인은 적당히 섭취하면 도움이 되고 해롭지 않으나 적게 마실수록 좋다고 하였다. 스트레스 정도에 따른 카페인 섭취량을 보면 커피믹스 (1봉 47.51 mg)는 Q3에서 $86.1{\pm}56.4mg$ (p < 0.01), 자판기 커피 (1잔 47.51 mg)는 Q2에서 $62.3{\pm}60.9mg$ (p < 0.05), 커피전문점 커피 (1잔 158.43 mg)는 Q4에서 $40.7{\pm}88.7mg$ (p < 0.001), 녹차 (1티백: 28 mg)는 Q4에서 $18.4{\pm}32.4mg$ (p < 0.01)으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이에 따른 카페인 일일섭취량은 Q1에서 $172.0{\pm}85.3mg$, Q2에서 $179.0{\pm}83.7mg$, Q3에서 $187.9{\pm}81.4mg$, Q4에서 $214.2{\pm}147.3mg$ 으로 Q4그룹이 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.05). 본 연구 결과 카페인 최대 일일 섭취권고량 대비 실제 카페인 섭취량 비율은 Q1에서 $43.0{\pm}21.3%$, Q2에서 $44.8{\pm}20.9%$, Q3에서 $47.1{\pm}20.4%$, Q4에서 $53.6{\pm}36.8%$로 일일섭취량과 같이 Q4그룹이 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.05). 카페인 섭취에 따른 부작용으로는 속이 메슥거리거나 구토와 같은 부작용이 Q4에서 $2.7{\pm}0.8$로 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.05). 대상자들의 카페인 섭취량은 직무스트레스는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 (r = 0.137, p = 0.009), 평균 근무시간과도 유의한 양의 상관성을 보였으며 (r = 0.122 p = 0.001), 수면시간 역시 유의한 양의 상관성을 보였다 (r = 0.169, p = 0.001). 반면 카페인 섭취량과 근무기간은 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다 (r = -0.114. p = 0.031). 본 연구의 결과, K 제조공장 근로자들은 스트레스 정도가 높아질수록 섭취하는 카페인 섭취량이 많았고, 스트레스를 많이 받는 군에서는 최대 일일 섭취권고량 대비 실제 카페인 섭취량 비율이 50% 정도로 나타나 한국 20세 성인남자보다 2배 이상 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.317-327
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• 2008

This study developed the methodology to calculate the total daily maximum load (TMDL) using the instreamflow requirement because the previous TMDLs were too simple to easily achieve. Instreamflow requirement which was the average low flow ($Q_{275}$) in the previous planning cannot consider the seasonal variation of streamflow. Therefore, this study used the instreamflow requirement which is a maximum value among hydrologic drought flow ($Q_{355}$), and environmental flows for ecology and scenery. The environmental flows for ecology were calculated using Physical HABitat SIMulation system (PHABSIM) which can estimate the necessary flow for fish survival by life cycle. Using the proposed method, all monthly TMDLs of streams in the Anyangcheon were calculated for the application.