• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.32.1-32.4
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• 2023

Granular cell tumor was described in the testis of two rabbits. Testis from each rabbit was surgically removed and submitted for histopathological diagnosis. Both testes were about 2.0 cm in diameter, firm, and tan. Microscopically, testicular mass consisted of compact sheets of round to polygonal and occasional spindle-shaped cells. The neoplastic cells contain a large amount of eosinophilic granular material in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules were positive for periodic acid Schiff stain. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to Melan-A and vimentin. Based on these results, the testicular mass was diagnosed as a granular cell tumor.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.923-929
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• 2013

Black seabream juveniles Acanthopagrus schlegelii held at $20^{\circ}C$ were exposed to formalin at concentrations of 50 to 400 ppm, and tolerance values were determined by calculating median lethal concentration values (LC50) through probit analysis. The 12-, 24, 48, 72- and 96-h LC50 values for formalin were 297, 233, 171, 162 and 157 ppm, respectively. The histological effects of formalin on gill and liver tissues in this fish were determined. No histological effects were observed in the control group. The intensity of cell damage increased with the concentration of, and duration of exposure to, formalin. Hyperplasia, separation and epithelial necrosis, epithelial lifting, lamellar synechiae and collapsed lamellae were observed in gill tissues exposed to formalin. Hepatic lesions in liver tissues of fishes exposed to formalin were characterized by cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, deposition of pigments, spongiosis hepatis, nuclear hypertrophy, dilation of sinusoids and bile stagnation. The LC50 values and histological results obtained in this study will aid in designing treatment regimens to minimize toxic side effects and increase efficacy.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.278-280
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• 2002

We have cloned a hydromedusan opsin cDNA and showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of the cytoplasmic loop between helices 5 and 6 (loop 5-6) was clearly different from that reported so far. The amino acid sequence of the loop 5-6 is important on determination of the specificity for the coupled G- protein. To clarify which class of G-protein mediates the phototransduction system in the ocellus of the hydromedusan, we investigated G-proteins expressed in the ocellus. By PCR against the cDNA of the ocellus with primers designed according to the conserved amino acid sequence in G-protein a subunit, we obtained three kinds of cDNA fragments. Based on the sequence similarities, ttwo of them (JGI and JG3) were classified as $G_{i}$ and $G_{q}$, respectively. The other one (JG2) was a new subtype within $G_{*}$ class. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with the antiserum against the C-terminal sequence of $G_{q}$ or $G_{t}$ revealed the presence. of the both classes in the ocellus. The similarity of the C-terminal sequence of the JG2 with that of bovine $G_{t}$ suggests that the anti- $G_{t}$ antiserum would bind to JG2. These results suggest the possibility that the hydromedusan rhodopsin decides the specificity for the coupled G-protein by the other domain than the loop 5-6.oop 5-6.5-6.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.206-212
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• 2001

Water extract of green tea(GTW) and 70% ethanol extract of green tea(GTE) were prepared for the test of antibacterial activity. The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium to the green tea extracts in various pH of culture broth was tested. Tryptic soy broth(TSB) containing 0∼2%(w/v) of green tea extracts was adjusted to pH 5.0∼7.0 and inoculated with 10$\^$5/∼10$\^$6/ cells/ml of each bacteria. The plate counting method and clear zone test were used to determine inhibitory effect of green tea extracts. Green tea extracts completely inhibited the growth of S. aureus at 0.5% level and bactercidal at 0.5∼1.0% level of GTW and GTE at pH 5.0∼7.0. Green tea extracts were bactercidal to S. typhimurium at 1.5∼2.0% level of GTW and 1.0∼2.0% level of GTE at pH 7.0. Sal. typhimurium was more resistant than S. aureus. in same concentration of green tea extracts at same pH. The resistance of S. aureus and Sal. typhimurium was increased with decreasing pH of culture broth. The morphology of S. aureus cells treated with green tea extracts showed damage of cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Severely damaged cells of S. aureus lost electron dense material and cytoplasm. Green tea extracts stimulated autolysis and cell death of S. aureus. This result suggests that green tea extracts can be used as an effective natural antibacterial agent in food.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2010

A virus causing stunt, yellowing, severe mosaic, malformation symptoms on leaves and uneven development and malformation on fruits of zucchini was prevalent around Goseong, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. A survey conducted (2004) in the Goseong area revealed about 20% virus infection rate. The disease causative identified as Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Z1) was further characterized. The isolate induces mosaic symptoms on Cucumis sativus, while severe mosaic, stunt and malformation on C. pepo. Thin section analyses have shown that virus inclusions are formed in the cuticle layers as well as epidermal, parenchyma and collenchymas cells in virus-infected Nicotiana tabacum. CMV-Z1 isolate induced specific cytoplasmic inclusion bodies such as irregular clumps (IC), crystal (Cr) and irregular chloroplasts (ICh). IC was made up of virus particles interspersed with a darkly stained amorphous material and found both in the cytoplasm and vacuoles, whereas ICh and Cr were rarely found in the vacuoles. The genome of CMV-Z1 RNA-1 consists of 3359 nucleotide (nt) encoding 1a protein of 993 amino acids (aa). The CMV-Z1 RNA-2 was 3050 nt in length containing 2a (857 aa) and 2b (110 aa), while RNA-3 encoding 3a movement protein (279 aa) and coat protein (218 aa) was 2215 nt in length. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of CMV-Z1 isolate appeared it is more closely related to subgroup IA than to subgroup IB or II.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 1992

Formation, cellular distribution and structural changes of storage lipid, and active site and cellular localization of lipase in endosperms and cotyledons of lipid-rich seeds such as Helianthus annuus, Ricinus communis and Pinus koraiensis, and in those of starch-rich seeds such as Pisum sativum and Zea mays were investigated in relation to the seed development by cytochemical methods. In endosperms and storage cotyledons of lipid- and starch-rich seeds after seed-gathering, there were widely distributed storage material which was composed of spherical protein bodies, spherosomes, and starch granules. But cellular organelles were hardly observed in the cytoplasm. Staining pattern of vesicles released from SER, and of low electron dense membraneous granules, which were perhaps at an early stage of spherosomes, were the same as in the spherosome. Electrondense granules released from RER were observed in the vicinity of plasma membrane. As a result of lipid staining, the spherosomes were more electron dense and were uniform as compared with the protein matrix within the protein body and cytoplasmic proteinaceous granules. The major component of the spherosome was determinated to be lipid. Spherosomes and vesicles containing SER-released materials showed the same as in the electron density. Lipase activity was especially strong in the inner region and on the surface of decomposed spherosomes and near the plasma membrane.mbrane.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2012

The nucleolus is a distinct nuclear territory involved in the compartmentalization of nuclear functions. There is some evidence of a relationship between nuclear fragmentation during spermatogenesis and chromatoid body (CB) formation. The CB is a typical cytoplasmic organelle of haploid germ cells, and is involved in RNA and protein accumulation for later germ-cell differentiation. The goal of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the nucleolar cycle during the spermatogenesis of $Phrynops$ $geoffroanus$ (Reptilia Testudines), and compare this nucleolar fragmentation with CB formation in this species through the use of cytochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Qualitative analysis showed a fragmentation of the nuclear material after pachytene of the first meiotic division in the primary spermatocytes. Quantitative analysis of the nucleolar cycle revealed a significant difference in the number of nucleoli and in the size of the nucleolus between spermatogonia and early spermatids. Using ultrastructural analysis, we recorded the beginning of the CB formation process in the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes at the same time as when nuclear fragmentation occurs. In the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes, the CB was observed in association with mitochondrial aggregates and the Golgi complex. In the cytoplasm of early spermatids, the CB was observed in association with lipid droplets. In conclusion, our data show that the nucleolus plays a role in the CB formation process. During spermatogenesis of $P.$ $geoffroanus$, the CB is involved in some important biological processes, including acrosome formation and mitochondrial migration to the spermatozoon tail and middle piece region.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.171-187
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• 1998

Garlic occupies a special position among the many foods of vegetable origin because it is the sole food for Koreans during the their lives. And vitamin A has been ingested by forms of food or additives. Cadmium has been described as one of the most dangerous trace elements in the food and environment of man and livestocks. Since the de novo synthesis of stress proteins can be detected early after exposure to some agents, analysis of cadmium-induced changes in gene expression , ie. alterations in patterns of protein synthesis, may be useful to develop as biomarkers of exposure and damage for food hygiene. He acute and chronic combine effects of cadmium (Cd, CdCl2 20mg/kg), garlic oil(Dds: diallyl disulfide 50mg/kg, 3 times a week) and vitamin A(Ra: retinol acetate 50,000 IU/kg, 3 times a week) on Wistar male rats were evaluated concerning cadmium contents, tissues enzyme activity, HSP expression histopathological and electron microscopical examinations. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. Less cadmium was absorbed through the digestive tracts, but the ratio of contents in tissue were not changed by the simultaneous adminstration of diallyl disufide or retinol acetate. 2. ALT(alanine aminotransferase) , AST(aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, the key indices of the clinical changes in hepatic and renal function were significantly hanged by the cadmium treatment after 1 week in liver, after 4 weeks in kidney. 3. Histopathological changes in cadmium treated rats were appeared at 8 weeks age treatment in kidneys. Homogenous eosinophilic material was accumulated in cortical and collecting tubular lumens at 16 weeks. Degenerated or necrotized tubular cells were observed in cortex and medulla. Degenerated seminiferous tubules and homogeneous eosinophilic material was seen in interstitial tissue of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Calcium deposits were seen in degenerated seminiferous tubules and the tubules showed severe calcification of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Electron microscope changes in kidney were observed in rats treated with CdCl2 20 mg/kg. Proximal convoluted tubule cells showed selling of cytoplasm and narrow lumen. Capillary endothelial cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles and swelling. Degenerated epithelial cells were accumulated in tubular lumen of kidney. 4. Enhanced synthesis of 70 KDa relateve molecular mass proteins were detected in 2 hours after cadmium, exposure, with maximum activity occurring at 8~48 hours. Induction of HSP 70 was evident at proximal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Testicular cells produced enough HSP to be detected normally. From the above results, it could be concluded that HSP70 induction by the cadmium treatment was a rapid reaction to indicated the exposure of xenobiotics, and retinol acetate reduced the cadmium induced nephrotoxicity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.771-776
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• 2005

In recent days, there is much interest in the biocidal activity of silver since silver is known to be safe and effective as disinfectant and biocidal material against coliforms and viruses. In particular, nano silted silver particles which can be used as effective biocidal material received more attention. Accordingly, it is important to investigate antimicrobial activity and mechanism of nano sized silver particles prepared in a cost-effective manner. In this study, nano sized silver particles were prepared via photoreduction of a silver salt ($AgNO_3$) in the bulk phase of $PEO_{20}-PPO_{70}-PEO_{20}$ (Pluronic 123) block copolymer The antimicrobial efficacy of silver nano particles against E. coli was investigated and compared with that of silver ion as the concentration of silver nano particles, pH ($5.6{\sim}8.2$), temperature ($4^{\circ}C{\sim}35^{\circ}C$) varied in aqueous system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the nature of damaged microorganism with nano sized silver particles and silver ion. This study showed that antimicrobial efficacy of silver nano particles was approximately one twentieth than that of silver ion. It was more biocidal at higher pH in contrast with silver ion. In addition, nano silver particles was demonstrated to disrupt the outer membrane of E. coli, subsequently causing their aggregation. On the other hand, silver ion diffused into the cell damaging the cytoplasmic membrane without disrupting the outer membrane of E. coli.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.529-535
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• 2007

Background: An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants leads to oxidative stress, and this has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung neoplasm. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/ref-1) is a multifunctional protein involved in DNA base excision repair and the redox regulation of many transcription factors. However, the alteration of the expressed levels of APE/ref-1 in non-small cell lung cancer is unknown. Material and Method: Forty-nine patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were included in this study. Immunohistochemical staining with APE/ref-1 antibodies was performed, and their expressions were analyzed via Western blotting for specific antibodies. Result: APE/ref-1 was localized at the nucleus and mainly in the non-tumor region of the NSCLC tissue specimens; it was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the NSCLC. The nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions of APE/ref-1 in lung cancers were markedly up-regulated in the NSCLC, and this was correlated with the clinical stage. Catalase, as first-line antioxidant defense, was dramatically decreased in the NSCLC. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that APE/ref-1, and especially cytoplasmic APE/ref-1, was upregulated in the lung cancer regions, and this may contribute to the compensatory defense system against oxidative stress. A low expression of catalase might have fundamental effects on the extracellular redox state of lung tumors, along with the potential consequences for the tumors.