• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 1987

Attempts were to produce porcine leukocyte interferon(PorLeIF) and porcine immune interferon (PorIIF) in the culture of porcine leukocytes. The interferons produced were tested for antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus on poreine-derived PK(15) cells, human-derived FL cells, and Korean native black goat-derived BGK cells. The results were summarized as follws: 1. In the isolation of porcine leukocytes, the mean isolation rate by the buffy coat separation method (28.7%) was higher than that by the hydroxyethyl starch-RBC sedimentation method (9.2%). 2. When NDV(BI)-induced PorLeIFs were assyed on PK(15) cells and FL cells, the mean titers were 129 IU/ml and 72 IU/ml respectively, being 55.8% of the activity in homologous species system expressed in heterologous system. 3. The activities of PHA P-induced PorIIFs were 197 IU/ml on PK (15) cells and no activity on human FL cells. The mean antiviral activity of PorIIF was 1.5 times that of PorLeIF in PK (15) cells. 4. The cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus was observed in BGK cells derived from Korean native black goat kidney permitting interferon assay on the cells. While the cross-species antiviral activity of reference human ${\alpha},\;{\beta}-interferon$ was observed on the cells, PorLeIF and PorIIF did not show any activity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 1991

Infectious pancreatic necrosis(IPN) virus was known as a causative agent of newly recognized viral disease of young rainbow trout characterized by highly contagious, high mortality and necrosis of pancreas. Several strains of IPN viruses were recovered from young rainbow trout that have been shown a typical cinical sign of infectious pancreatic necrosis disease. The field isolate produced cytopathic effect, and multiplied up to $10^{6.0}$ to $10^{6.5}$ $TCID_{50}/0.1ml$ in BT cell culture. In the indirect immunofluorescent assay with trout anti-IPN virus IgG and goat anti-trout IgG FITC conjugate, these isolates were proved to be a IPN virus that were closely related with VR277 strain of IPN virus antigenically.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 1991

Getah virus is known as a causative agent of recognized febrile illness of horses characterized by fever, rash and edema. A serological survey indicated that hemagglutination inhibition antibody against Getah virus was detected in 34% of 464 racehorses from Korean Horse Affairs Association and 57% of 262 ponies from Cheju island, respectively. Several field strains of Getah virus isolated were from the racehorse that have been shown fever and febrile signs in 1989. The field isolates produced cytopathic effect in Vero, MA-104, BHK-21 cell cultures. Especially, they multiplied to the highest titer($10^6TCID_{50}/0.1ml$) in Vero cell cultures. When day-old mice were inoculated with field isolates by the intracerebral route, they showed a typical paralysis sign and died within seven days after inoculation. The guinea pig exhibited skin rash and edema, and died with neural signs after inoculation with the field isolates. In the cross neutralization test and indirect immunofuorescent assay, the field isolates were proved to be closely related to the Sakai strain of Getah virus antigenically.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

Akabane disease is caused by an arthropod-borne viral pathogen and leads to congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system in infected ruminants. One isolate, KV0505, showed cytopathic effect in Vero cells. The KV0505 isolate was obtained from plasma, which was collected from a cattle raised on Jeju Island in May 2005. Jeju Island is located near the southern part of the Korean peninsula. The isolate was confirmed as Akabane virus (AKAV) by immunofluorescence assay using AKAV specific monoclonal antibodies and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Suckling mice inoculated with the isolate showed signs of paralysis and died within 10 days postinoculation. Comparisons of the KV0505 N gene sequence with 39 other known AKAV strains revealed nucleotide homologies ranging from 83.6% (MP496 strain) to 99.7% (M171 strain). When compared with the K-9 strain, which was isolated from a cow in Korea in 1994, the nucleotide sequence homology with the N gene was 99.7%. Thus, genes of the KV0505 isolate were closely related to those of the M171 strain, which were clustered into the Ic group of AKAV.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2003

An E1B-defective adenovirus, named r2/Ad carrying the neo expression cassette, was constructed by homologous recombination. The construction, selection (using neomycin as a selective marker), and propagation of the recombinant virus was performed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK 293). An in vitro study demonstrated that this recombinant virus has the ability to replicate in and lyse some p53-deficient human tumor cells such as human glioma tumor cells (U251) and human bladder cells (EJ), but not in some cells with functional p53, such as human adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and human fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Also, based on the cytopathic effect (CPE), it was demonstrated, under identical conditions, that the U251 cells were more sensitive to r2/Ad replication than the EJ cells. In this paper, we report that r2/Ad could be very useful in studying the in vitro selective replication of E1B-defective adenovirus and has great potential in cancer gene therapy.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2015

Here we report a new chemical inhibitor against HIV-1 with a novel structure and mode of action. The inhibitor, designated as A1836, inhibited HIV-1 replication and virus production with a 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of $2.0{\mu}M$ in an MT-4 cell-based and cytopathic protection antiviral assay, while its 50% cytotoxic concentration ($CC_{50}$) was much higher than $50{\mu}M$. Examination of the effect of A1836 on in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase showed that neither were molecular targets of A1836. The characterization and re-infection assay of the HIV-1 virions generated in the presence of A1836 showed that the synthesis of early RT products in the cells infected with the virions was inhibited dose-dependently, due in part to abnormal protein formation within the virions, thus resulting in an impaired infectivity. These results suggest that A1836 might be a novel candidate for the development of a new type of HIV-1 inhibitor.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1985

A rapid assay for interferon based on reduction of cytopathic effect was developed with HEp-2 and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. The number of manipulations and the lengths of the various incubation steps were reduced to minimum. The assay is simple to perform and can be completed with 22-24 hr. Moreover, it was precise method than CPE-reading method.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 1997

In order to find antiviral compounds against Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) and II (HSV2) from natural products, a convenient virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay was introduced. More than 300 fractions were prepared by solvent fractionation from sixty collected plants or purchased herbal medicines, and their anti-herpetic activities were evaluated. Among them, several medicinal plants showed potent anti-herpetic activity. Selective indexes (SI) of the EtOAc extract of Caraganae Radix (Caragana sinica) against HSV-1 and HSV-2 were more than 8.06 and 24.79, SI of the MeOH extract of Acer okamotoanum leaves were 3.92 and 3.51, SI of the $CH_{2}Cl_{2}$ extract of Veratri Rhizoma et Radix (Veratrum patulum) were 5.49 and 1.31 and SI of the MeOH extract of aerial part of Osmundae Rhizoma (Osmunda japonica) were more than 3.45 and 1.25, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2000

In this experiment, we studied the sero-positive rate of akabane virus in cattle from Jeju-do and analyzed the seroepidemiological features. In an analysis of 1,051 samples, the positive rate for neutralizing antibody in sera collected in nine regions on Jeju-do was 56.7%. The rate varied with the region. The positive rate was 69.6% in Aewol, 63.1% in Jeju city, 54.4% in Anduck, 51.0% in Hallim, 69.8% in Jocheun, 47.6% in Pyosun, 40% in Daejeong, 30.0% in Harkyung, 71.6% in Namwon, 24.5% in Sungsan, 133.,3% in Seokypo and 44.5% in Gujwa, respectively The rate also depended on the age of the cattle. The positive rate was 67.2% in calves 0- to 12-month old, 48.3% in cattle 13- to 24-month old, 65.4% in cattle 25- to 36-month old, and 65.4% in cattle more than ,B7 months old. To isolate the virus from calves with malformations including arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly, cerebral homogenates were inoculated into Vero cells, which were determined for cytopathic effect (CPE). Vero cells with CPE were examined for Akabane virus using an electron microscope (EM) and indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (EM). Typical virus particles with a width of 90-130nm and specific immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm of infected cells were sought for identification.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.552-558
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• 2016

Severe complications associated with EV71 infections are a common cause of neonatal death. Lack of effective therapeutic agents for these infections underlines the importance of research for the development of new antiviral compounds. In the present study, the anti-EV71 activity of norwogonin, oroxylin A, and mosloflavone from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was evaluated using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction method, which demonstrated that all three compounds possessed strong anti-EV71 activity and decreased the formation of visible CPEs. Norwogonin, oroxylin A, and mosloflavone also inhibited virus replication during the initial stage of virus infection, and they inhibited viral VP2 protein expression, thereby inhibiting viral capsid protein synthesis. However, ribavirin has a relatively weaker efficacy compared to the other drugs. Therefore, these findings provide important information that will aid in the utilization of norwogonin, oroxylin A, and mosloflavone for EV71 treatment.