• Title/Summary/Keyword: cytochrome oxidase I

검색결과 295건 처리시간 0.023초

Procarbamate계 살충제 benfuracarb의 산화적 활성화 과정을 통한 독성발현 (Toxic action of benfuracarb via oxidative bioactivation process by cytochrome $P_{450}$)

  • 유용만;김은향;김성문;허장현
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 2003
  • Procarbamate계 살충제인 benfuracarb의 산화효소계에 의한 활성화 과정과 이 과정을 통하여 생성되는 독성 대사물의 전환 정도를 확인하고자 수행되었다. Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) 에 대한 henfuracarb의 이 분자속도저해상수$(k_i)$$1.1\times10^3\;M^{-1}\;min^{-1}$로 매우 낮은 저해력을 보인 바, 이 약제가 체내에서 독성을 발현하기 위해서는 활성화 과정이 필수적임을 가정할 수 있었다. Benfuracarb의 활성화 과정에 관여하는 cytochrome $P_{450}$의 역할을 in vitro 에서 관찰하기 위하여 AChE/MFO coupling system을 사용하였다. AChE/MFO coupling system에서 AChE에 대한 저해력은 NADPH가 처리된 oxidase system이 NADPH 가 결핍된 대조구에 비하여 약 10배정도 증가하였으며, oxidase+PBO system 에서는 약간의 저해력 감소 경향이 관찰되었다. 생쥐에 henfuracarb을 처리한 후 brain AChE 활성을 조사해 본 결과 henfuracarb만 처리한 benfuracarb 처리구에서의 $I_{50}$은 22.7mg $kg^{-1}$이었으며, PBO를 전처리 한 후 henfuracarb을 처리한 benfuracarb+PBO 처리구에서는 $I_{50}$이 >100mg $kg^{-1}$으로 저해정도가 급격히 경감되어 benfuracarb의 활성화 과정에 cytochrome $P_{450}$이 관련되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. Microsomal oxidase system 을 이용하여 henfuracarb이 독성 대사물인 carbofuran으로 전환되는 정도를 관찰하였다. Oxidase system 에서는 처리된 benfuracarb의 58.0%가 carbofuran으로 전환되었지만, oxidase+PBO system에서 1.7%만 생성되어 benfuracarb의 활성화과정에 산화효소인 cytochrome $P_{450}$의 역할이 중요함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 benfuracarb의 독성 발현에 관여하는 주된 독성 대사물은 carbofuran이며, 이 활성화 과정 에 cytochrome $P_{450}$이 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다.

미토콘드리아 크리스테에 존재하는 cytochrome-c-oxidase의 단백질 소단위 분포에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Distribution of Cytochrome-c-oxidase Subunit in the Cristae of Mitochondria)

  • 김수진;이지현;정차권
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.41-51
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    • 1994
  • The topology of the enzyme has been investigated by biochemical studies including chemical labeling and cross linking. Thirteen subunits(polypeptides) of the cytochrome-c-oxidase have localistic characteristics of existing in the matrix side or cytoplasmic side in the mitochondria. In order to observe the distribution of the enzyme subunit on the mitochondria membrane, immunogold-labeling methods were employed. Antibody was obtained from the serum of immunized rabbit with enzyme subunit antigen which was obtained from cytochrome-c-oxidase of the beef heart muscle mitochondria. Beef heart muscle tissue as a tissue antigen was stained with immunized rabbit IgG and protein A gold complex. Electron microscopy has identified the existance of cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit $Mt_I,\;Mt_{II}\;and\;Mt_{III}$ on the membrane of cristae and outer chamber of mitochondria and the subunit $C_{IV}$ on the membrane of cristae and matrix of mitochondria. Particularly, the subunit $C_{IV}$ was also observed to exist in the sarcoplasm of muscle tissue.

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쥐 근조직의 Cytochrome Oxidase에 대한 비교 연구 (Comparative Study on Cytochrome Oxidase of Rat Muscle Tissues)

  • Song, Eun-Sook
    • 한국동물학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.70-74
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    • 1986
  • 쥐 골격근의 크루드 미토콘드리아에 있는 시토크롬 옥시다제의 활성을 비교 하였다. 붉은색의 빠른 트윗치 근육은 가장 높은 효소 활성을 나타냈고, 흰색의 빠른 트읫치 근육은 가장 낮았으며, 붉은 색이며 느린 트윗치 근육은 그 중간이었다. 위 세가지 타입의 근육에서 힘 염색한 결과 시토크롬 옥시다제의 전기영동상의 이동성이 다르게 나타났다. 이동성의 순서는 타입 I > 타입 $II_A$ > 타입 $II_B$이었다. 면역학적 전기영동의 결과는 위의 결과를 뒷받침 하였다.

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둥근마(Dioscorea bulbifera)를 가해하는 뿌리혹선충(Meloidogyne sp. HSC)의 Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit II (COII) 염기서열 분석 (Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit II (COII) Sequence Analysis of Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne sp. HSC, Infesting Yam (Dioscorea bulbifera))

  • 한상찬;강상진;김용균
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.169-173
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    • 2007
  • 경북 안동에서 재배하는 둥근마(Dioscorea bulbifera)에서 뿌리혹선충 피해가 발견되었다. 피해 괴경에서 다수의 암컷 선충을 분리하였고, 이들의 cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) DNA 서열을 분석하였다. 둥근마의 뿌리혹 형성을 유도하는 식물 선충의 COII 유전자위 크기와 염기서열은 Meloidogyne javanica 또는 M. incognita의 해당 영역과 높은 유사도를 보였다. 그러나 이들 두 종을 구분하는데 이용되는 제한효소(HinfI)위치에 있어서 본 둥근마로부터 분리된 뿌리혹선충은 이들 두 종과 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다.

Butylated Hydroxytoluene첨가 식이 및 2-Acetylaminofluorene 투여가 식이지방을 달리한 쥐간의 Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase계에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Butylated Hydroxytoluene and 2-Acetylaminofluorene Administration and Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase System in Young Rats fed different Fats)

  • 윤은영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 1990
  • Sprague-dawley 숫쥐를 식이지방을 달리하여(I:Soybean oil p/s 4.0, II:beef tallow p/s 0.08) 이유후 8주동안 사육하였다. 이때 I,II군은 각각 기초식이군, 기초식이군에 0.3% butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)를 첨가신킨 군, 생후 5~7주 사이에 4번의 2-Acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF)를 투여한 군 2-AAF를 투여하고 BHT도 먹인 군으로 나누었다. BHT는 이유 후부터 식이에 섞어 먹였으며 2-AAF를 투여하지 않은 군읜 2-AAF 주사에 의해 얻는 stress와 같은 효과를 주기위해 placebo로 polyethylene glycol 300을 투여하였다. Mixed function oxidase(MFO)계의 효소인 cytochrome p-450, cytochrome b$_5$및 cytochrome p-450 reductase와 과산화지질 등을 측정하였다. 성장기에 2-AAF의 투여는 성장지연을 초래하였으며 지질과산화물은 지방의종류, 2-AAF,BHT 등에 의해 큰 차는 없었다. Cytochrome p-450은 2-AAF에 의해 I-BHT-AAF와 II-AAF군에서 증가되었고 BHT에 의해서는 차이가 나지 않았다. 불포화지방을 먹인경우 cytochrome p-450과 cytochrome p-450 reductase가 2-AAF에 의해 증가되기보다는 오히려 감소하거나 I,II군에 비해 별 차이가 없었는데 2-AAF의 농도와 식이의 불포화도가 높아 세포막이 손상되었기 때문이라 사료된다. Cytochrome $b_5$는 각군 사이에 별 차가 없었다. Cytochrome p-450과 과산화지질(r=0.2475, p<0.05), cytochrome p-450 reductase와 cytochrome $b_5$ (r=0.2475, P<0.05)가 각각 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 2-AAF를 대사시키는 MFO계는 식이지방의 종류 및 BHT의 존재에 따라 영향을 받고, 특히 불포화지방식이인 경우 2-AAF를 대사시킬 수 있는 cytochrome p-450 유도 및 합성능력이 매우 저조함을 알 수 있으며 2-AAF는 어린 쥐의 성장을 지연시켰다.

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Phylogenetic Analysis of Reticulitermes speratus using the Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I Gene

  • Cho, Moon-Jung;Shin, Keum;Kim, Young-Kyoon;Kim, Yeong-Suk;Kim, Tae-Jong
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.135-139
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    • 2010
  • Reticulitermes speratus is commonly found in Asia, including Korea and Japan. We recently analyzed the 5' region of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I to perform a phylogenetic analysis of R. speratus KMT1, isolated in Seoul, Korea. Our results, using COXI, suggest that the taxonomy of R. speratus should be reconsidered with regard to the subgenus group. A similar phylogenetic analysis by COXI and COXII demonstrated the reliability of COXI genetic information in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of termites.

Stock Characterization of the Fleshy Prawn (Penaeus chinensis) in the Yellow Sea by Intraspecific Sequence Variation of the Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Gene

  • HWANG Gyu-Lin
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.876-881
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    • 1996
  • To determine the amount of genetic variation among populations of Penaeus chinensis (Osbeck) in the Yellow Sea, 342 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was amplified and sequenced. Six haplotypes, which differ by from one to four nucleotide sustitutions, were detected from 34 individuals of 4 populations examined. Mean sequence divergence between pairs of haplotypes was $0.68\%$. Most individuals from 4 populations were shared by the most common genotype. This genotype was distributed evenly in the Korean and Chinese populations. This result is in accordance with findings observed using RFLPs analysis of mtDNA (Hwang et al., 1997). Therefore, it is suggested that P. chinensis should be treated as one unit stock in the Yellow Sea.

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Changes in Cytochrome c Oxidase and NO in Rat Lung Mitochondria Following Iron Overload

  • Kim, Min-Sun;Hong, Min-A;Song, Eun-Sook
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.105-112
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    • 2009
  • In this study, the effects of iron on cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) in rat lung mitochondria were examined. Similar to liver mitochondria, iron accumulated considerably in lung mitochondria (more than 2-fold). Likewise, the reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) content of mitochondria were increased by more than 50% and 100%, respectively. NO might be produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), eNOS and iNOS type, with particular contribution by NOS in mitochondria. The respiratory control ratio of iron overloaded lung mitochondria dropped to nearly 50% due to increased state 4. Likewise, cytochrome c oxidase activity was lowered significantly to approximately 50% due to excess iron. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of isoforms 1 and 2 of subunit IV of CeO was enhanced greatly under excess iron conditions. Taken together, these results show that oxidative phosphorylation within lung mitochondria may be influenced by iron overload through changes in cytochrome c oxidase and NO.

Genetic diversity of the Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, in Korea and Japan inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene

  • Yoon, Moon-Geun;Hong, Sung-Eic;Nam, Yoon-Kwon;Kim, Dong-Soo
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.243-249
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    • 2011
  • The genetic diversity and population history of the Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, were investigated with a nucleotide sequence analysis of 536 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) in 111 samples collected from four populations in Korea and one in Japan. In total, 28 haplotypes were defined by 27 variable nucleotide sites in the COI region examined. The observed haplotypes had a shallow haplotype genealogy and no geographical associations. Most of the populations had high haplotype diversity (0.656-0.788) and low nucleotide diversity (0.00165-0.00244), and significant negative values for Fu's $F_S$, suggesting rapid and recent population growth from an ancestral population and sudden population expansion. The pairwise fixation indices ($F_{ST}$) estimated with the exact test and the migration rates indicate that substantial gene flow occurs among these populations as a result of sea currents, except between the Yellow Sea coast of Korea (BUA) and the Pacific Ocean coast of Japan (JPA). These two populations (BUA and JPA) showed significant genetic differentiation and low migration rate.

Involvement of Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Gene during Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells

  • Kang, Hyo-Jung;Chung, Jun-Mo;Lee, See-Woo
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.285-291
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    • 1997
  • It is becoming increasingly evident that significant changes in gene expression occur during the course of neuronal differentiation. Thus, it should be possible to gain information about the biochemical events by identifying differentially expressed genes in neuronal differentiation The PC12 cell line is a useful model system to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying neuronal differentiation and has been used extensively for the study of the molecular events that underlie the biological actions of nerve growth factor (NGF). In this study, we report an application of the recently described mRNA differential display method to analyze differential gene expression during neuronal differentiation. Using this technique, we have identified several cDNA tags expressed differentially during neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, one of these clones was cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX I) gene. The differential expression of COX I gene was confirmed by Northern blot analysis as well as RT-PCR. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA of PC12 cells revealed that COX I is a single gene. Induction of the oxidative enzyme might reflect the energy requirement in neuronal differentiation.

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