• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: Intracordal cysts may occur secondary to voice abuse and overuse or may be secondary to a remnant of epithelium trapped within the lamina propria. They may occur spontaneously or may be associated with poor vocal hygiene. As the cyst enlarges it can start to significantly affect the vibratory region of the vocal fold. With the advancement of the microsurgical technique and the laryngeal stroboscopy, correct diagnosis of intracordal cyst have been increased. The aims of this study is to review the important clinical characteristics of the intracordal cyst. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 212 cases of the intracordal cysts were treated by the microsurgical technique. These lesions were diagnosed before the operation with indirect laryngoscopy, laryngeal endoscopy, laryngeal stroboscopy and confirmed with the findings observed during operations and the results of the biopsies. Results : The intracordal cysts were 212 cases in the 4,20 I patients who underwent laryngeal microsurgery (5.04%). Ductal cysts were 156 cases and epidermoid cysts were 56 cases. The lesions are more frequent in women and anterior third of true vocal cord is more frequently involved site. With the preoperative laryngoscopic examination, the intracordal cysts were mostly misdiagnosed as other disease of the vocal cord such as vocal polyps or nodules. And main cause of intracordal cysts was thought of vocal abuse. From view of the surgical approach, Ductal cysts was difficult to remove completely than epidermoid cyst without cystic wall rupture. Conclusion : Intracordal cysts are very similar to the other mucosal disorders of the vocal cord and it may be misdiagnosed as vocal polyps or nodules, frequently. Therefore careful preoperative examinations for the vocal cord lesions with stroboscopy and other endoscopic instruments are important part of the correct diagnosis. An ideal treatment is enucleation of the cysts without rupture of the cystic wall or injury of the lamina propria. And marsupialization is meaningful to ductal cyst that cannot be enucleated completely.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2012

Honeycombs are dense structures that small cysts, which generally have about 2~10 mm in diameter, are surrounded by the wall of fibrosis. When honeycomb is found in the patients, the incidence of acute exacerbation is generally very high. Thus, the observation and quantitative measurement of honeycomb are considered as a significant marker for clinical diagnosis. In this point of view, we propose an automatic segmentation method using morphological image processing and assessment of the degree of clustering techniques. Firstly, image noises were removed by the Gaussian filtering and then a morphological dilation method was applied to segment lung regions. Secondly, honeycomb cyst candidates were detected through the 8-neighborhood pixel exploration, and then non-cyst regions were removed using the region growing method and wall pattern testing. Lastly, final honeycomb regions were segmented through the extraction of dense regions which are consisted of two or more cysts using cluster analysis. The proposed method applied to 80 High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images and achieved a sensitivity of 89.4% and PPV (Positive Predictive Value) of 72.2%.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1998

To know the features of Amyloodinium sp. parasitized in Black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, morphology and reproduction type of the parasite were investigated. Infection mode and histopathology of the parasites were also studied. In the developmental and morphological observation, the parasite passed through parasitic and non-parasitic phases with three developmental stages termed trophont, tomont, and dinospore. The trophont, 30-$80{\mu}m$ ovoidal or pyriform, for the vegetative stage had a spherical nucleus with $1.5{\mu}m$ in diameter, many food vacuoles and starch grains in cytoplasm. The tomont, 80-$90{\mu}m$ spherical, for the reproductive stage resorbed a stalk, secreted a cyst wall and reproduced within it. A dinospore, small 10-$15{\mu}m$ biflagellated, for the infestation stage had a stigma. The parasite was propagated for 15 days by serial passage in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Trophonts began to detach from the fish about 3 days after infection and was completed within 5 days at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. It took from 3 to 5 days to reproduce at the same temperature. Reinfected fish showed that parasites penetrated under the epithelia of gill filament and gill lamellae causing hyperplasia and degeneration at infected area.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.595-599
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• 2009

Sarcocystis grueneri-like sarcocysts were found from the cardiac muscles of a rearing red deer (Cervus elaphus) carcass in Korea. In the light microscopical examination of sarcocysts, they were oval to spherical cysts and 90-170$\times$110-380 ${\mu}m$ in size. However, there was no inflammation and myofiber degeneration. In the transmission electron microscope, these cysts were located within the sarcoplasm of the host cell and filled with merozoites. The sarcocysts were enclosed by a very thin wall (0.45-0.6 ${\mu}m$ thick) that consists of protrusions and ground substance. The primary cyst wall formed numerous strip-like protrusions which were 0.2-0.3 ${\mu}m$ wide and up to 4.2 ${\mu}m$ long. The protrusions were running in parallel with the surface of the cyst. A characteristic of the cyst wall was absent of fibrils inside the protrusions. Merozoites in the compartment measured about $15\times4\;{\mu}m$. The merozoite consisted of four regions: micronemes and rhoptries, amylopectin granule, nucleus, and amylopectin granules. The number of rhoptry was counted in 7-13.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2014

Acanthamoeba cysts are resistant to unfavorable physiological conditions and various disinfectants. Acanthamoeba cysts have 2 walls containing various sugar moieties, and in particular, one third of the inner wall is composed of cellulose. In this study, it has been shown that down-regulation of cellulose synthase by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibits the formation of mature Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts. Calcofluor white staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed that siRNA transfected amoeba failed to form an inner wall during encystation and thus are likely to be more vulnerable. In addition, the expression of xylose isomerase, which is involved in cyst wall formation, was not altered in cellulose synthase down-regulated amoeba, indicating that cellulose synthase is a crucial factor for inner wall formation by Acanthamoeba during encystation.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.117-121
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• 1971

The authors had observed clinically and histopathologically on the 5 cases of globulomaxillary cysts. The results are as follows: 1. All cases occurred in men, and the average age was 33.6 year,; the oldest was 38 year and the youngest was 31 year old. 2. Four cases occurred in upper left jaw and the one was in right. 3. By the roentgenogram, well demarkated line between the cyst and intact bone were observed as pea shaped radiolucency between the canine and the lateral incisor. In most cases alveolar bone was involved from the central incisor to the premolar region. 4. Thick stratified squamous epithelium was covering the connective tissue wall. There were no keratinization except one case of parakeratosis which had massive inflammatory infiltration. Inflammatory infiltration was obsereved in most cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 1978

A three year and seven month old girl with moderate depression deformity of the sternum associated with a huge well defined homogenous hazy mass density of the upper half of the right hemithorax on plain chest x-ray had developed, exertionaI dyspnea (Figs1, 2 and 3). Correction of the funnel chest was carried out with modified Ravitch procedure and resection of the intrathoracic cystic mass was performed through an anterolateral thoracotomy incision in one stage operation satisfactorily (Figs. 7 and 8). On exploration, the mass, $15{\times}12{\times}10$cm in size, was connected to the bronchus at 1cm a bove the carina by a stalk (Fig. 4). The outer surface showed abundant vasculature. The specimen was filled with mucoid material; the inner surface was much trabeculated. glistening and smooth (Fig. 5 and 6). yficroscopically, the cyst was lined with simple or pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. The cystic wall was composed of loose fibrous connective tissue, muscle layers, cartilages with some lymphocytic infiltration (Fig. 9). Isolated cases of funnel chest deformity and congenital bronchogenic cystic disease are not uncommon; however, the assocbtion of the two conditions is yery rare. Therefore. report and review of the literature was done.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2008

A ganglion cyst contains clear high viscous fluid within dense fibrous connective tissue wall communicating with joint or tendon sheath, but is not frequent around the knee joint. A hard mass at the medial side of the knee joint of the 73 years old woman, mimic to hard tumor mass was diagnosed as the ganglion using ultrasonography. Ultrasonography was a useful diagnostic tool of the cystic lesion although the consistency of the mass was hard enough to be suspected as a tumor mass.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1988

Fine structures of the testis and vas deferens in the fall-web worm, Hyphantria cunea Drury, are studied with electron microscope. Adult worms have single testis close to the midlines of the abdomen. Testis is composed of 4 follicles which are incompletly separated from each other and bounded together by a peritoneal sheath. The peritoneal sheath consisted of outer cuticular layer and two kinds of inner layers, in which glycogen particles are dispersed commonly. These two layers are divided by the morphology of cytoplasmic granules. Follicular epithelium forming the wall of the follicles have melanin pigment granules, and trachea or tracheoles are extended through this epithelium. In the cysts of adult testis, matured spermatozoa are grouped together in bundles and after releasing the sperm bundles to the vas deferens, lamellar shaped lysosomes appeared in the cytoplasms of the cyst cells. The number of spermatozoa per cyst is exactly 256 ($2^8$), this number is characteristics of the Lepidoperan species. Vas deferens is a tube with a fairly thick bounding epithelium, a basement membrane and a layer of circular muscle outside it. At the apical portion of the epithelial cells, microvilli are well developed. And in the cytoplasms of these cells, numerous excretory granules are observed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.298-303
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• 2023

This study aimed to describe a rare case of gnathostomiasis in the vocal cord. A 54-yearold Chinese woman living in Korea visited with a chief complaint of voice change at the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology in Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University on August 2, 2021. She had eaten raw conger a few weeks before the voice change developed, but her medical history and physical examinations demonstrated neither gastrointestinal symptoms nor other health problems. A round and red cystic lesion, recognized in the anterior part of the right vocal cord, was removed using forceps and scissors through laryngeal microsurgery. The histopathological specimen of the cyst revealed 3 cross-sections of a nematode larva in the lumen of the cyst wall composed of inflammatory cells and fibrotic tissues. They differ in diameter, from 190 ㎛ to 235 ㎛. They showed characteristic cuticular layers with tegumental spines, somatic muscle layers, and gastrointestinal tracts such as the esophagus and intestine. Notably, intestinal sections consisted of 27-28 lining cells containing 0-4 nuclei per cell. We tentatively identified the nematode larva recovered from the vocal cord cystic lesion as the thirdstage larva of Gnathostoma, probably G. nipponicum or G. hispidum, based on the sectional morphologies.