• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.690-700
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• 1994

The effects of thermal stratification on the flow of a stratified fluid past a circular cylinder were examined in a wind tunnel. In order to produce strong thermal stratifications, a compact heat exchanger type variable electric heater is employed. Linear temperature gradient of up to $250^{\circ}C/m$ can be well sustained. The velocity and temperature profiles in the cylinder wake with a strong thermal gradient of $200^{\circ}C/m$ were measured and the smoke wire flow visualization method was used to investigate the wake characteristics. It is found that the temperature field effects as an active contaminant, so that the mean velocity and temperature profiles can not sustain their symmetricity about the wake centerline when such a strong thermal gradient is superimposed. It is evident that the turbulent mixing in the upper half section is stronger than that of the lower half of the wake in a stably stratified flow.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.31-46
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• 1999

A drying paper strives to shrink due to the shrinkage of the individual paper fibres. Laboratory results show that a reduction of the shrinkage or an imposed stretch leads to a large increase in tensile stiffness and a large decrease in strain at break. In c cylinder drying section the water in the web is repeatedly heated on the drying cylinder and evaporated in the free draw. To evaluate the drying process regarding influence on paper properties these sub-processes, or drying phases, have to be studied separately. The effect of the conditions on the drying cylinder and on the VacRoll is investigated in pilot trails. Both the fabric tension on the drying cylinder and on the VacRoll reduces the shrinkage of the paper. The laboratory results are used as input to a numerical simulation of the conditions in the free draw. If the web width is increased or the length of the free draw is reduced the mean shrinkage of the paper web is reduced . However, the difference in shrinkage between the middle and the edge of the web is increased.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.186-189
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• 2001

The main method in micro-etching process, used in manufacturing semiconductors, electronic components, circuits, is Photo Masking method that exposes and develops on the photo-sensitivity solutions or films. This method enables one to process highly precisely, $\pm$0.03 mm in end line location area. But this has limits in a high speed / wide width process, difficulties in endless masking, and the problem of high price. We have developed the direct masking method to make use of Gravure printing, widely used in grocery packing sheet printing. We made cylinder tools to influence the masking quality by laser stream process. We have confirmed that the end line location accuracy in the line width of the product is improved from 0.12 mm to $\pm$0.07 mm level, after etching process.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.2981-2990
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• 1996

Dual solutions for steady natural convection of air between two horizontal concentric cylinders are numerically investigated in the range of $D_i$/TEX>/L(=diameter of inner cylinder/gap width)$\leq$10. It is found that, when the Rayleigh number based on the gap width exceeds a certain critical value, a new flow pattern forming two counter-rotating eddies in the half of the annulus can be realized, which is different from the crescent-shaped flow commonly observed. In the new flow pattern, the fluid near the top of the hot inner cylinder moves downward. This solution is found for D$_{i}$/L.geq.0.3, but not for$D_i$/TEX>/L$\leq$0.2. As $D_i$/TEX>/L increase, the critical Rayleigh number is decreased, and tends to a finite limit.t.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.377-389
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• 2008

An experimental investigation has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of base shield plates in reducing the drag of a rough circular cylinder in a cross flow at Reynolds numbers in the range $3{\times}10^4{\leq}Re{\leq}10.5{\times}10^4$. Three model configurations were investigated and compared: a plane cylinder (PC), a cylinder with a splitter plate (MC1) and a cylinder fitted with base shield plates (MC2). Each configuration was studied in the sub and supercritical flow regimes. The chord of the plates, L, ranged from 0.22 to 1.50D and the cavity width, G, between the plates was in the range from 0 to 0.93D. It is recognized that base shield plates can be employed more effectively than splitter plates to reduce the aerodynamic drag of circular cylinders in both the sub- and supercritical flow regimes. For subcritical flow regime, one can get 53% and 24% drag reductions for the MC2 and MC1 models with L/D=1.0, respectively, compared with the PC model. For supercritical flow regime however, the corresponding drag reductions are 38% and 7%.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2008

It has been known that there is a viscoelastic instability in the channel flow past a cylinder at high Deborah (De) number. Some of our numerical simulations and a boundary layer analysis indicated that this instability is related to the shear flow in the gap between the cylinder and the channel walls in our previous work. The critical condition for instability initiation may be related to an inflection velocity profile generated by the normal stress near the cylinder surface. At high De, the elastic normal stress coupling with the streamline curvature is responsible for the shear instability, which has been recognized by the community. In this study, an instability criterion for the flow problem is proposed based on the analysis on the pressure gradient and some supporting numerical simulations. The critical De number for various model fluids is given. It increases with the geometrical aspect ratio h/R (half channel width/cylinder radius) and depends on a viscosity ratio ${\beta}$(polymer viscosity/total viscosity) of the model. A shear thinning first normal stress coefficient will delay the instability. An excellent agreement between the predicted critical Deborah number and reported experiments is obtained.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2016

The interaction between two different shaped structures is very important to be understood. Fluid-structure interactions and aerodynamics of a circular cylinder in the wake of a V-shaped cylinder are examined experimentally, including forces, shedding frequencies, lock-in process, etc., with the V-shaped cylinder width d varying from d/D = 0.6 to 2, where D is the circular cylinder diameter. While the streamwise separation between the circular cylinder and V-shaped cylinder was 10D fixed, the transverse distance T between them was varied from T/D = 0 to 1.5. While fluid force and shedding frequency of the circular cylinder were measured using a load cell installed in the circular cylinder, measurement of shedding frequency of the V-shaped cylinder was done by a hotwire. The major findings are: (i) a larger d begets a larger velocity deficit in the wake; (ii) with increase in d/D, the lock-in between the shedding from the two cylinders is centered at d/D = 1.1, occurring at $d/D{\approx}0.95-1.35$ depending on T/D; (iii) at a given T/D, when d/D is increased, the fluctuating lift grows and reaches a maximum before decaying; the d/D corresponding to the maximum fluctuating lift is dependent on T/D, and the relationship between them is linear, expressed as $d/D=1.2+{\frac{1}{e}}T/D$; that is, a larger d/D corresponds to a greater T/D for the maximum fluctuating lift.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2009

The frictional behaviors of Cermets/Cr-Ceramics and Cu-Al coatings of piston ring were investigated. Friction tests were carried out by pin-on-disk test and materials properties of coating layer were analyzed by nano indentation tester. The effect of surface roughness of cylinder liner on the friction coefficient was analyzed. This study provided tribological data of hard and soft piston ring coatings against cylinder liner. The surface roughness does exert an influence on the average friction coefficient, with smoother surfaces generally yielding lower friction coefficients. In case of hard-coating, the scratch depth, width and pile-up height had close relationship with hardness. So the scratch width, depth and pile-up height increases with decreasing friction coefficient. But in case of soft-coating, the friction coefficients are strongly dependent on the morphological characteristics such as, scratch depth, width, pile-up height and elastic modulus.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 밑이 뚫린 원통형 진동수주 파력발전장치에 의한 파 에너지 흡수효율을 살펴보았다. 경계치 문제는 공기실내의 변동압력이 없을 때 입사파에 의한 산란문제와 공기실 내부의 변동압력에 의한 방사문제로 나누어진다. 공기실 내에서 공기 흐름에 대한 연속방정식을 적용하여 변동압력을 구하였다. 이로부터 진동수주 파력발전장치가 흡수한 시간평균 마력과 에너지 취득 폭을 구하였다. 수치계산에서는 원통형 공기실의 반지름과 잠긴 깊이 그리고 입사파의 주파수를 바꿔가면서 공기실 내부의 유량 변화와 에너지 취득 폭을 살펴보았다. 수학적으로 구한 최적의 터빈 상수를 대입하며 구한 에너지 취득 폭의 최대값은 원통형 공기실의 공진 모드 중에서 첫 번째 공진 모드인 Helmholtz모드에서 나타난다. 따라서 효율적인 파력발전장치를 제작하기 위해서는 설치될 해역의 파의 주파수와 공기실의 고유주파수가 일치되도록 공기실의 형상을 설계하여야 한다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2009

감마선 원천핵을 두 개의 금속 평행판 사이, 실린더나 구와 같은 유한한 공간 내부에 놓았을 때 에너지 준위폭이 어떻게 변경되는가에 대하여 이론적으로 조사했다. 2개의 금속판에 의해 뒤쪽 산란된 감마선이 원천핵에 재흡수됨으로써 $^{133}Cs$핵의 여기상태(81 keV)의 에너지폭은 평행판 간격이 1.0 mm일 때 4.2 K에서 3.7% 정도 감소됨을 볼 수 있었다. 여기서 금속판은 두께 0,5 mm, 반경이 3 cm이며 금으로 만들었다. 반경 1.0 mm, 두께 0.5 mm, 길이 5 cm의 실린더 금판에 의해 뒤쪽 산란되었을 때에는 4.2 K에서 6.5% 에너지 폭이 좁아지는 결과를 얻었다. 또한, 두께 0.5 mm, 반경 1.0 mm의 금으로 된 구 안에 원천핵을 놓았을 때 4.2 K에서 18.2% 에너지준위 폭이 감소하였다. 이러한 에너지 준위 폭의 감소는 그 준위의 반감기가 연장된 것을 의미한다.