• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.1524-1532
• /
• 2001

The effects of recirculated exhaust gas on the wear of cylinder liner and piston were experimentally investigated by a two-cylinder, four cycle, indirect injection diesel engine operating at 75% lo ad and 1600 rpm. For the purpose of comparison between the wear rates of the two cylinders with and without EGR, the recirculated exhaust gas was sucked into one of two cylinders after the soot in exhaust emissions was removed by an intentionally designed cylinder-type scrubber equipped with 6 water injectors(A water injector has 144 nozzles of 1.0 mm diameter), while only the fresh air was inhaled into the other cylinder. These experiments were carried out with the fuel injection timing fixed at 15.3$^{\circ}$ BTDC. It was found that the mean wear rate of cylinder liner with EGR was greater in the measurement positions of the second half than those of the first half, that the mean wear rate without EGR was almost uniform regardless of measurement positions, and that the wear rate of piston skirt with EGR increased a little bit, but the piston head diameter increased, rather than decreased, owing to soot adhesion and erosion wear, and especially larger with EGR.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.26 no.9
• /
• pp.1276-1283
• /
• 2002

Recently, HSDI (High Speed Direct Injection) diesel engine has been spotlighted as a next generation engine because it has a good potential for high thermal efficiency and fuel economy. This study was carried out to investigate the in-cylinder flow characteristics generated in a 4-valve small diesel cylinder head with a tangential and helical intake port. The flow characteristics such as coefficient of flow rate(Cf), swirl ratio (Rs), and mass flow rate (ms) were measured in the steady flow test rig using the impulse swirl meter and the analysis of in-cylinder flow field was conducted by experiment using the PIV and calculation using the commercial CFD code. As the results from steady flow test indicate, the mass flow rate of the cylinder head with a short distance between the two intake ports is increased over 13% than that of the other head. However, the non-dimensional swirl ratio is decreased approximately 15%. From in-cylinder flow characteristics obtained by PIV and CFD calculation, we found that the swirl center was eccentric from the cylinder center and the velocity distribution became uniform near the TDC. In addition, the results of the calculation are good agreement with the experimental results.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2001.11b
• /
• pp.806-811
• /
• 2001

Since the characteristics of combustion and pollutant in Diesel engines were mainly effected by the characteristics of in-cylinder gas flow and fuel spray, an understanding of those was essential to the design of the D.I. Diesel engines. The improvement of volumetric efficiency of air charging into combustion chamber is a primary requirement to obtain better mean effective pressure of an engine. Since parameters such as the air resistances in intake and exhaust flow passages, valve lift and valve shape influence greatly to the volumetric efficiency, it is very important to investigate the flow characteristics of intake and exhaust port which develops air motion in the combustion chamber. In this study, two approach methods were used for design intake and exhaust port; experiment and computation which were made by using steady flow test rig and commercial CFD code. This paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical investigation of steady flow through the prototype cylinder head ports and valves of the HHI's H21/32 HIMSEN Engine.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.36-46
• /
• 1985

This study was intended to develop the mathematical model of the head-fed type threshing unit. As the first step, the physical model of the threshing phenomena was considered to consist of four separate processes as 1) detachment process of grains, 2) movement of grains between the cylinder and concave, 3) grain penetration through stems of bundle, and 4) grain passing through concave. The mathematical and computer models were developed based on the physical models. Threshing experiments were performed and determined the distribution of grain accumulation along the cylinder shaft by varying the moisture content of grains, feeding rate, and cylinder speed. It was found that the model developed coincided very well with the experimental results for the varied operational conditions. Greater concentration of grains passing through concave toward the thresher inlet was equally true for the model and experiment work for the threshing of grains with higher moisture content and with higher cylinder-speed. The model could be used for obtaining the optimized design or for optimizing the performance of the head-fed type threshing unit if term as to power requirement for threshing may be additionally included in the developed model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.153-161
• /
• 1998

The knock in a spark ignition engine has been investigated to avoid the damage to the engine and unpleasant feeling caused by the pressure waves propagating across the combustion chamber. Knock intensity and knock onset angle were used as physical parameters to quantify the knock characteristics. The knock intensity is defined as a peak to peak value of the bank pass filtered combustion pressure signal and the knock onset angle is determined as the crank angle at which this signal exceeded the threshold level on each cycle. The cyclic variation of knock in four valve single cylinder engine was investigated with these two parameters. The location of autoignition was also examined by ion probes in the cylinder head gasket and squish region in the combustion chamber. For this measurement, a single cylinder engine was modified to accept the pressure transducer, 18 ion probes in the squish region and 8 ion probes in the specially designed PCB (Printed \ulcornerCircuit Board) cylinder head gasket.

• Journal of the KSME
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.100-107
• /
• 1976

Stress analysis of tapered cylinder of reactor vessels is investigated by means of the intersection method. The tapered cylinder is approximated into three models-average cylinder, conical frustum, and ring. The results are compared with those of the finite element method program and an experiment. In this paper, the following results are obtained: (1) the best aproximation has been obtained by the ring model analysis: (2) the intersection analysis of the tapered cylinder by the ring model shows a sufficient accuracy for the stress analysis of reactor vessels.

• Journal of Drive and Control
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2012

The hydraulic cylinder is used for actuating the roller-link type rotating floodgate which controls the volume of water in the reservoir. The locating points of hydraulic cylinder are restricted to the limited space and determined to minimize the cylinder force necessary for actuating the floodgate. Generally, the head end point of cylinder is fixed at underground and the rod end point of cylinder is connected to the support link. Therefore there exist three design variables to be determined to minimize the cylinder force within the rotating range of floodgate. First, the mathematical model of the roller-link type rotating floodgate is derived to find the cylinder force corresponding to the floodgate angle. Then, the optimal locating point of hydraulic cylinder is searched using the complex method that is one kind of constrained direct search method.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1980

Threshing operation may be one of the most important processes in the paddy post-production system as far as the grain loss and labor requirement are concerned . head-feeding type threshers commercially available now in Korea originally were developed for threshing dry paddy in the range of 15 to 17 % in wet basis. However, threshing wet-paddy with the grain moisture content above 20 % has been strongly recommended, especially for new high-yielding Indica -type varieties ; (1) to reduce high grain loss incurred due to the handling operations, and (2) to prevent the quantitative and qualitative loss of milled -rice when unthreshed grains are rewetted due to the rainfall. The objective of this study were to investigate the adaptability of both a head-feeding type thresher and a throw-in type thresher to wet-paddy , and to find out the possiblilities of improving the components of these threshers threshing. Four varieties, Suweon 264 and Milyang 24 as Tongil sister line varieties, minehikari and Jinhueng as Japonica-type varieties, were used at the different levels of the moisture content of grains. Both the feed rate and the cylinder speed were varied for each material and each machine. The thresher output quality , composition of tailing return, and separating loss were analyzed from the sampels taken at each treatment. A separate experiment for measurement opf the power requirement of the head-feeding type thresher was also performed. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There was a difference in the thresher output quality between rice varieties. In case of wet-paddy threshing at 550 rpm , grains with branchlet and torn heads for the Suweon 264 were 12 % and 7 % of the total output in weight, respectively, and for the Minehikari 4.5 % and 2 % respectively. In case of dry paddy threshing , those for the Suweon 264 were 8 % and 5% , and for the Minehikari 4% and 1% respectively. However, those for the Milyang 23 , which is highly susceptable to shattering, were much lower with 1 % and 0.5% respectively, regardless of the moisture content of the paddy. Therefore, it is desirable to breed rice varieties of the same physical properties as well as to improve a thresher adaptable to all the varieties. Torn heads, which increased with the moisture content of rall the varieties except the Milyang 23 , decreased as the cylinder speed increased, but grains with branchlet didnt decrease. The damaged kernels increased with the cylinder speed. 3. The thresher output quality was not affected much by the feed rate. But grains with branchlet and torn heads increased slightly with the feed rate for the head-feeding type thresher since higher resistance lowered at the cylinder speed. 4. In order to reduce grains with branchlet and torn heads in wet-paddy threshing , it is desirable to improve the head-feeding type thresher by developing a new type of cylinder which to not give excess impact on kernels or a concave which has differenct sizes of holes at different locations along the cylinder. 5. For the head-feeding type thresher, there was a difference in separating loss between the varieties. At the cylinder speed of 600 rpm the separating losses for the Minehikari and the Suweon 264 were 1.2% and 0.6% respectively. The separating loss of the head-feeding type thresher was not affected by the moisture content of paddy while that of the Mini-aged thresher increased with the moisture content. 6. From the analysis of the tailings return , to appeared that the tailings return mechanism didn't function properly because lots of single grains and rubbishes were unnecessarily returned. 7. Adding a vibrating sieve to the head-feeding type thresher could increase the efficiency of separation. Consequently , the tailing return mechanism would function properly since unnecessary return could be educed greatly. 8. The power required for the head-feeding type thresher was not affected by the moisture content of paddy, but the average power increased linearly with the feed rate. The power also increased with the cylinder speed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.170-176
• /
• 2005

The hydraulic cylinder is used for actuating the sluice gate which controls the volume of water in the reservoir. The locating points of hydraulic cylinder are restricted to limited space and determined to minimize the cylinder force necessary for actuating the sluice gate. Generally, the head end point of cylinder is fixed at underground and the rod end point of cylinder is connected to the gate plate when it is fully opened. Therefore there exist three parameters to be determined to minimize the cylinder force in the operation range of sluice gate. The optimal locating points of hydraulic cylinder are obtained using the complex method that is one kind of constrained direct search m method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.614-619
• /
• 2009

An engine for marine propulsion and power generation consists of several cylinder liner-piston sets. And the oil groove is on the cylinder liner inside wall for the lubrication between a piston and cylinder. The machining process of oil groove has been carried by manual work so far, because of the diversity of the shape. Recently, we developed an automatic grinding robot system for oil groove machining of engine cylinder liners. It can covers various types of oil grooves and adjust its position by itself. The grinding robot system consists of a robot, a machining tool head, sensors and a control system. The robot automatically recognizes the cylinder liner's inside configuration by using a laser displacement sensor and a vision sensor after the cylinder liner is placed on a set-up equipment.