• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 1979

The photochemical reactions and spectral properties of 1,1-diphenyl-2-vinylcyclopropane were studied. Upon direct irradiation of the compound at 253.7nm, 1,1-diphenylethylene was formed as a major product along with a small amount of 4,4-diphenylcyclopentene. Sensitized photoreactions showed quite a different phenomena from those of conjugated dienes supporting the spectral results that the cyclopropane ring does not transmit the conjugation in the compound.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.spc8
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• pp.2978-2980
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• 2011

Enynals bearing an olefinic pendant were successfully cyclized via Huisgen-type [3+2] cycloaddition to the tetracyclic Pt-carbene complexes which would undergo insertion into a C-H bond of the ${\beta}$-position to afford the fused cyclopropane intermediates. Their tandem rearrangement afforded diverse types of spiranes depending on the tethered alkenes of the enynals.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2005

A soil bacterium was isolated from maize roots cultivated in Korea (KNUC153). The isolate was partially classified on basis of l6S rDNA sequence analysis as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. By the acetylene reduction assay (ARA), the strain KNUC153 contained nitrogen-fixing abilities. The amount of auxin produced by the strain KNUC153 was $77.6\;{\mu}g/ml$. The strain KNUC153 produced 4 times higher amount of l-amino-cyclopropane-l-carboxy­lic acid deaminase than that of the other known strain Azospirillum sp. KNUC82. Inoculation treatment with the strain KNUC153 for maize seeds showed positive effect on early growth of the plants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.132-133
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• 1989

To probe the geometrical effects of cyclopropyl moiety on the stabilization of an adjacent cation center, chemical shift of 2-p-fluorophenyl-8,9-dehydro-2-adamantyl cation (3) was compared with that of 5-p-fluorophenyl-2,4-dehydro-5-homoadamantyl cation (4). Difference between the chemical shift of 8,9-dehydro-2-adamantyl cation 3 and that of 2,4-dehydro-5-adamantyl cation 4 is 5.1 ppm (${\Delta}{\Delta}{\delta}$). We conclude, therefore, that ion 3 is about 3.82 kcal more stadble than ion 4 of which rigid carbon skeleton requires significant distortion of the cyclopropane ring from the ideal bisected conformation. The energy difference between these cations can be calculated by Taft-Relationship$^8$ on the basis of chemical shift.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2000

Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai is endemic species of Korea. Since old days, the fruits have been used as a parasiticide and leaves have been used for a pierced wound by insects. The essential oil components from its aerial parts and stem bark by steam distillation were investigated. Several compounds were characterized by GC-Mass spectra. It was found that the leaves, stembark and flowers contain the compounds of essential oils, 1-octene-3-ol, hexadecanoic acid; $\alpha$-pinene, $\Delta^3$-carene mainly, linalylacetate, $\beta$-cubebene, 3,4-octadine-7-methyl , ferruginol(stem bark) and $\alpha$-pinene mainly, $\beta$-pinene , cyclopropane-1,1-dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl), etc. This Cephalotaxus spp. contains the first components of ferruginol(M.W.286.03, $C_{20}H_{30}O)$ which belong to diterpene.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.283-287
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• 1993

p-(2,2,3,3-Tetracyanocyclopropyl)phenyl acrylate (3a) and p-(2,2,3,3-tetracyanocyclopropyl)phenyl methacrylate (3b) were prepared by the reactions of bromomalononitrile with p-acryloyloxybenzylidenemalononitrile (2a) or p-methacryloyloxy-benzylidenemalononitrile (2b), respectively. Compounds 3a and 3b were polymerized with free radical initiators to obtain the polymers with multicyano functionalities in the cyclopropane ring. The resulting polymer 4a was soluble in acetone but the polymer 4b was not soluble in common solvents. The inherent viscosities of polymers 4a were in the range of 0.10-0.15 dL/g in acetone and those of 4b were in the range of 0.20-0.30 dL/g in 98% sulfuric acid. Solution-cast films were cloudy and brittle, showing $T_g$ values in the range of 106-125$^{\circ}$C.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1993

Plesiomonas shigelloides distributed in the aquatic systems was isolated and identified in this study and compared with the c1inica] isolates in view of their physiological characteristics, Biochemica] charactristics of the isolates of P. shigelloides one sample taken from Gupo and two samples taken from Mu]gum, were studied. However, none was isolated in Haeundae, Dadaepo, Kangdong and Nakdong estuary. The isolated bacteria had an optimum growth condition in peptone water of $25~35^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5-8.0 and 1% NaCI concentration. The cell grew most properly on the selective enrichment media which were made from adding inositol to peptone water. DNase was s]owly produced and the results were different from those of other studies. The components of the fatty acid were 3% of 3-hydroxy]ated fatty acid containing $C_{12}~C_{18}$. 0-10% cyclopropane ($C_{17:0}$), 25~30% hexadecanoic acid ($C_{16:0}$), 32~43% hexadecenoic acid ($C_{16:1}$), 1~2% octadecanoic acid ($C_{16:0}$), and 9~14% octadecenoic acid ($C_{18:1}$). Bacterio]ogica] characteristics, susceptibility of antibiotics, and the components of fatty acid of the c1inica] isolates were similar to those of the strains isolated from the aquatic systems. The strains isolated from c1inica] sources degraded lactose more fast than those isolated from the aquatic systems. There existed resistant bacteria to chlorampenicol in the strains from patients, but there were no resistant bacteria in the strains from the aquatic systems. The components of fatty acid of the clinical isolates were 0~2% $C_{17:0 cyclo}$ and 2~3% $C_{18:0}$, but those of the strains from the aquatic systems were 2~10% and 1~2%, respectvely, which showed the quantitative difference between both components.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1217-1226
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• 2004

A psychrotrophic bacterial strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07, synthesized unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) from fructose in response to lowering of growth temperature, and incorporated them into both polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) and membrane lipid. The blocking of PHA synthesis by adding 5 mM 2-bromooctanoic acid to the growth medium, containing 70 mM fructose, was found to be a useful means to profile the composition of membrane lipid by gas chromatography. As the growth temperature changed from 35 to $50^{\circ}C$, the total content of two UFA, 3-hydroxy-cis-5­dodecenoic acid ($C_{12:1}$) and 3-hydroxy-cis-7-tetradecenoic acid ($C_{14:1}$), in PHA increased from 31 to 44 $mol\%$. The growth at lower temperatures also led to an increase in the level of two major UFA, palmitoleic acid (C16:1 cis9) and cis-vaccenic acid (C18:1 cis11), in membrane lipid. A fraction of these membrane-lipid UFA was converted to their corresponding cyclopropane fatty acids (CFA). The CFA conversion was a function of culture time, exhibiting biphasic increase before and after entering the stationary phase. However, pH changes in growth media had no effect on the CFA conversion, which is contrary to the case of E. coli reported. The cells grown at $30^{\circ}C$ responded to a cold shock (lowering the medium temperature down to $10^{\circ}C$) by increasing the level of C16:1 cis9 and C 18: I cis II up to that of $10^{\circ}C$-grown control cells and concomitantly decreasing the relative level of cis-9,10­methylenehexadecanoic acid (the CFA converted from C16:1 cis9) from 14 to 8 $mol\%$, whereas the 10-grown cells exhibited little change in the lipid composition when exposed to a warmer environment of $30^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. Based on this one- way response, we suggest that this psychrotrophic strain responds more efficiently and sensitively to a cold shock than to a hot shock. It is also suggested that BM07 strain is a good producer of two unsaturated 3-hydroxyacids, $C_{12:1}\;and\;C_{141:1}$.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 2000

This study investigated the removal characteristics, Microcystin decomposition and generation of by-products when aqueous Microcystis sp. is oxidized by ozone. The concentration of Microcystin (MC) in aqueous solution has been found by HPLC analysis to decrease continuously by ozonation after the initial, abrupt increase. The kinetic constant of the decomposition of MC-RR and -LR were 0.0596 and 0.0243, respectively. This means that removal efficiency of MC-RR by its oxidative decomposition is preferable compared with that of MC-LR. On the other hand, it has been found that the decomposition product, TOC, exhibits the continuous decrease in the concentration by further ozonation, while DOC and UV-254 increase temporarily until 10 minutes before the decrease. Furthermore, the GC/MSD analysis has revealed that the ozonation of Microcystis sp. for 100minutes affords five kinds of aldehydes, six kinds of alcohols, and trans-1, 2-dimethyl-cyclopropane.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 1990

The aim of this experiment is to observe the toxicity of cypermethrin[S, R- -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1R, 1s, cis, trans)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) cyclopropane carboxylate]and to investigate the synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide on the cypermethrin toxicity. In cypermethrin (CYP) treated group, the biochemical parameters such as ALT, LDH, glucose in serum were remarkably elevated. The content of cytochrome P-450 and activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in renal microsomal fraction were increased but those in hepatic microsomal fraction were not significantly increased. The activity of aniline hydroxylase and ATPase in liver were decreased. In the case of CYP plus piperonyl butoxide (PB) treated group, AST, ALT, LDH and glucose were more increased. Cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in liver and kidney were supressed and aniline hydroxylase and ATPase in liver were more decreased. Especially, in the case of CYP plus PB 100 mg/kg treated group, hepatic TBA value was increased but activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was remarkably depressed.