• Title/Summary/Keyword: cyclophosphamide

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Effects of Astragali Radix on Neutropenia Caused by Cyclophosphamide (황기 추출물의 전투여(前投與)가 Cyclophosphamide로 유발된 호중구 감소증에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeong, Seung-Min;Ko, Seung-Gyu;Go, Ho-Yeon;Choi, You-Kyung;Kim, Dong-Woo;Park, Jong-Hyung;Jun, Chan-Yong
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2007
  • Objective : To study effects of Astragali radix on relieving neutropenia caused by cyclophosphamide. Method : We administered Astragali radixextracts for 7 days before injecting cyclophosphamide 200mg/kg to mice subcutaneously to cause neutropenia. The control group wasn't administered Astragali radix. One test group was administered Astragali radix extracts 500mg/kg and the other was administered 1000mg/kg. We observed WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, RBC, GOT, GPT, BUN, and creatine. Result : WBC, RBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet improved more in mice administered Astragali radix extracts. Moreover, the 1000mg/kg group was more affected than the 500mg/kg group generally. GOT, GPT, BUN, and creatine weren't changed significantly compared with the control group. Conclusion : It is shown that Astragali radix extracts can relieve neutropenia induced by cyclophosphamide and we conclude that Astragali radix will be useful for cancer treatment.

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Combination Chemotherapy of Carboplatin and Cyclophosphamide in a Dog with Mammary Tumors Metastasized to the Lungs

  • Ryu, Jae-June;Kim, Ill-Hwa;Hwang, Dae-Youn;Kang, Hyun-Gu
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.395-399
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    • 2016
  • In the present case, the effect and toxicity of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy combined with surgery of mammary tumors in a dog were examined. An 8-year old spayed female Beagle presented with a mammary tumor. Physical examination, radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and laboratory examination were performed. Metastasis of the mammary tumor was confirmed by CT scan. Chemotherapy using a combination of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide was initiated following surgery. The first cycle of chemotherapy was planned to last for 6 weeks; it was planned that carboplatin would be intravenously administered for the first week (1 day) and cyclophosphamide would be intravenously administered for the next 3 weeks (22 days). Between the end of cycle 1 and the beginning of cycle 2, based on CT, it was confirmed that the number and size of tumors were unchanged and the tumors had not spread to other organs. However, at the end of cycle 2 and the beginning of cycle 3, CT revealed an increase in the number and size of mass in the lung. Chemotherapy was associated with adverse effects such as lethargy, anorexia, leukopenia, and hair loss. In conclusion, this case showed that a combination of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide suppressed the development of new neoplasms as well as metastasis for a certain period of time but did not improve the survival time. Although more cases are required, this chemotherapeutic procedure remains challenging.

Laminin-1 Expression in Bone Marrow Stromal Cells of Cyclophosphamide-treated Rat (Cyclophosphamide가 흰쥐 골수의 기질세포에서 Laminin-1의 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Chang-Hun;Chung, Ho-Sam;Paik, Doo-Jin;Hwang, Se-Jin;Kim, Won-Kyu;Youn, Jee-Hee;Kim, Chong-Kwan
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.385-398
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether stromal cells supporting specific microenvironment for hematopoiesis of bone marrow are affected by toxicants and therapeutic drugs such as antibiotics and anticancer drugs and whether laminin-1 is associated with such effects. SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with 75 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide which is widely used to treat infant's solid tumor, leukemia and myeloma and sacrificed after 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks or 5 weeks of injection. The bone marrow extracted and paraffin-sectioned was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. A part of tissues was subjected to electron microscopy following reaction with rabbit anti-laminin antibody, biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with 12 nm gold particles, and staining with uranyl acetate. 1. The bone marrow tissue at day 3 post injection with cyclophosphamide displayed dilated venous sinus, partial necrotic death, and decreased number of hematopoietic cells. Laminin-1 was intensively stained in the reticular and adipose tissues. 2. Up to 5 weeks post injection, laminin-1 was stained at a low level in the stromal tissue of bone marrow and the number of hematopoietic cell was increased. 3. Deposition of the gold particle which represents laminin-1 expression was observed at the highest level in the stromal cells of bone marrow obtained 3 days after injection, and decreased after 1 to 5 weeks. These results suggest that stromal cells which play a role in supporting microenvironment for bone marrow hematopoiesis augment induction of laminin-1 expression and activation upon administration of cyclophosphamide.

The Effects of Treatment with Cyclophosphamide and Methylprednisolone on Expression of Endothelin-1 in Unilateral Instillation of Paraquat-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Guinea Pigs (Paraquat의 편측 기관지 주입에 의해 유발된 폐섬유화증에서 Cyclophosphamide와 Methylprednisolone의 투여에 따른 Endothelin-1의 발현의 변화)

  • Lee, So-Ra;Jeong, Hye-Cheol;Kim, Kyung-Kyu;Lee, Sang-Youb;Lee, Sin-Hyung;Cho, Jae-Youn;Shim, Jae-Jeong;In, Kwang-Ho;Choi, Jong-Sang;Yoo, Se-Hwa;Kang, Kyung-Ho
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.775-785
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    • 1999
  • Background : The herbicide paraquat can cause severe lung injury and fibrosis in experimental animals. In this study we have investigated the changes in lung endothelin-1(Et-1) levels and immunohistochemical localization in relation to treatment with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone in paraquat induced pulmonary fibrosis in guinea pigs. Material and methods : 29 male Hartley guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups. Group I was normal control. Paraquat was instilled into the lung of guinea pig of group II, III and IV unilaterally. Group II was treated with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone. Group III was treated with methlprednisolone. Group IV was not treated. The degree of fibrosis was evaluated by H-E stains and Masson's trichrome stains and cell activity was assessed by Et-1 immunohistochemical stains. Statistical evaluation was performed using the Kruskawallis oneway analysis. Results : Paraquat induced an increase in numbers of fibroblasts and total amount of lung collagen in Group IV compared to the normal controls. There was no significant difference in total numbers of fibroblasts between any of paraquat instilled groups, but there was significant increase in total amount of collagen in Group IV compared to group II and III (p<0.05). The treatment of cyclophosphamide and methyprednisolone suppressed the growths of both fibroblasts and collagen, but this suppression was stastically significant only in the case of collagen Et-1 immunoreactivities of bronchial epithelium, type II pneumocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblast in group II and III were decreased compared to those in group IV. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that Et-1 is an important contributing factor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Et-1 is synthesized and released by bronchial epithelium, Type II pneumocyte, endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts. Especially they are associated with alveolar macrophage and fibroblasts. We conclude that combined therapy of cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone are more effective in the control of Et-1 expression and collagen deposition.

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Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide by Anticancer Agents in Rat Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (항암제에 의한 흰쥐 다형핵백혈구의 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species) 및 산화질소(nitric oxide)의 생성)

  • Kang, Dong-Joon;Song, Seung-Hee;Kim, Cheol-Ho;Lee, Sang-Kil;Kang, Chung-Boo
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.8-16
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    • 2009
  • The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) by anticancer agents in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was examined. PMN treated for short term (< or = 4 h) with cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, tamoxifen and doxifluridine, respectively, exhibited an enhanced respiratory burst upon formylmethionylleucy1-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulation. In the long term (> 4h), the production of ROS was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner. The production of superoxide anion (${O_2}^-$) from the FMLP-stimulated PMN was enhanced by the treatment (for 1 hr) of cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, tamoxifen and doxifluridine, respectively. While 1 hr-treatment with cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, tamoxifen, and doxifluridine, respectively, suppressed the production of NO from the FMLP-stimulated PMN, while 8 hr-treatment enhanced the production of NO. Neomycin suppressed chemiluminescence in cisplatin-, tamoxifen- and doxifluridine-pretreated PMN, however near suppression of chemiluminescence by ethanol and genistein was observed in PMN pretreated with these agents. Staurosporine and bisindolylmaleimide suppressed chemiluminescence in cisplatin- and doxifluridine- pretreated PMN. Wortmannin has shown a slight suppression in cyclophosphamide-, cisplatin- and tamoxifen-pretreated PMN, but a strong suppression in doxifluridine-pretreated PMN. Methionine strongly suppressed in cyclophosphamide and cisplatin-pretreated PMN. In conclusion, these results indicate that long term treatment of PMN with cisplatin and doxifluridine inhibit respiratory burst through protein kinase C (PKC) translocation, phospholipase C (PLC), D (PLD) and tyrosine phosphorylation kinase (TPK) activation. Tamoxifen inhibits respiratory burst through PLC, PLD, TPK. Cyclophosphamide inhibits respiratory burst through myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF MOUSE SPLEEN AND LYMPH NODE BY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE (Cyclophosphamide에 의(依)한 mouse의 비장(脾臟)과 임파절(淋巴節)의 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化))

  • Chung, Hun-Taeg;Ha, Tai-You;Chung, Dong-Kyu
    • The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 1978
  • Adult mice were injected with a single sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide. Effects of the drug on the body weight, spleen weight, and morphology of the peripheral lymphoid system have been analysed. The body weights of the mice given cyclophosphamide(300mg/kg body weight) decreased slightly and returned to normal quickly. Spleen weights, however, changed greatly by keeping the process of decrease, recovery, overshoot, and gradual return to normal only by 20 days. Histologic examinations of spleen and popliteal lymph node showed that follicles disappeared 1 to 2 days before periarteriolar lymphatic sheath or paracortex. At the peak of splenomegaly, the architectures of spleen and lymph node were replaced with the interstitial tissue composed of dense and uniform layer of lymphoid cells. With the return of spleen weight to normal range, the architecturles returned to normal. Our results clearly indicated that cyclophosphamide affected not only B cells but also T cells. These results seemed to suggest that augmentation of delayed-type hypersensitivity by cyclophosphamide may be due to the eliminateion of the suppressor T cells.

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Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Polymyositis: Response to Cyclophosphamide and Prednisolone Combination Treatment (Cyclophosphamide와 Prednisolone 병합요법에 치료반응을 보인 다발성근염에 동반된 간질성폐질환 1예)

  • Moon, Jong-Ho;Park, Jun-Young;Lee, Sang-Moo;Kim, Hyeon-Tae;Uh, Soo-Taek;Chung, Yeon-Tae;Kim, Yong-Hoon;Park, Choon-Sik;Lee, Kyung-Soo;Kang, Dae-Young
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.197-202
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    • 1993
  • Polymyositis (PM) is a inflammatory connective tissue disease involving predominantly skeletal muscles, characterized by symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness, inflammation, and frequently, degeneration. Interstitial lung disease in association with PM occurs in 5~10% of cases and carries an especially grave prognosis. Although the cause of lung involvement in PM is not known, the underlying pathologic process in the lung is an immune mediated inflammation of alveolar structures, alveolitis. It is of interest, therefore, that cyclophosphamide, an immune modulating agent, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of PM. We report a case of corticosteroid resistant PM associated with interstitial lung disease, successfully treated with cyclophosphamide. A 37-year-old female was presented with 8 months duration of cough, exertional dyspnea, and muscle weakness. She had typical symptoms, physical findings, and elevated muscle enzyme levels in serum with characteristic findings of muscle biopsy. She also had typical interstitial lung disease pattern on chest X-ray and high resolution CT with restrictive pattern on pulmonary function test. The findings of transbronchial lung biopsy was compatible with interstitial lung disease. She failed to respond to corticosteroid initially. Subsequently steroids and cyclophosphamide were given with excellent clinical improvement.

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Effects of Enzyme Inducers and Glutathione on the Embryotoxicity of Cyclophosphamide in Cultured Rat Embryos (효소유도제 및 glutathione이 전배자배양된 랫드태자에서 cyclophosphamide의 독성에 미치는 영향)

  • 한순영;신재호;권석철;강명옥;이유미;김판기;양미라;박귀례;장성재
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 1995
  • Cyclophosphamide (CP) must be enzymatically activated by cytochrome P450(CYP)-linked mixed-function oxidation pathway to be either mutagenic or teratogenic. Influences of alterations in hepatic mixed-function oxidase acitivity and glutathione (GSH) content on the embryotoxicity of CP were studied in rat whole embryo culture system. The embryotoxicity of CP was compared using rat S-9 fraction (S-9) pretreated with chemicals inducing different CYP isozymes, acetone (ACE), Aroclor 1254 (ARO), $\beta$-naphthoflavone (NAF) and phenobarbital (PHE). When 10.5 day embryos were cultured in the immediately centrifuged rat serum for 48 hrs using general gas char{ging schedule, CP$(40{\mu}g/ml)$ with S-9 induced by either NAF or PHE increased the incidence of realformations and significantly decreased embryonic growth compared with the non-induced S-9 group. ACE or ARO induced S-9 group showed no significant difference in embryonic growth. These data suggest that PB and/or NAF inducible CYP isoenzymes are mainly involved in the activation of CP. To examine the effect of GSH on the embryotoxicity of CP, 10.5 day embryos were exposed to CP and S-9 after preincubation with 10 mM of GSH for 3 hrs. In the GSH pretreated group the growth of embryos increased significantly compared with that of the untreated group, suggesting that GSH may protect embryos in culture from some toxic effects of CP.

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A Case of Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome during Methylprednisolone Pulse and Cyclophosphamide Therapy in a Child with Nephrotic Syndrome (신증후군 환자에서 스테로이드 충격요법과 경구용 면역억제제 치료 중 발생한 가역성 후백질뇌병증 1례)

  • Seo Joo Hee;Shin Jung Wook;Kim Ji Hong;Yoon Choon Sik
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 2005
  • The syndrome of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome(RPLS) is characterized clinically by acute neurologic signs such as headache, vomiting, confusion, seizures, and visual abnormalities. Radiologically, abnormalities consistent with reversible white matter edema in the occipital and parietal lobes are characteristic. RPLS has often been associated with various systemic disorders, such as hypertensive encefhalopathy, eclampsia, and the use of intravenous or intrathecal immunosuppressive drugs. We report a case of RPLS that occurred after intravenous steroid pulse therapy and treatment with oral cyclophosphamide in a child with nephrotic syndrome, and we emphasize the importance of early recognition of RPLS in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome and appropriate management tn prevent Permanent neurologic disability. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:245-250)

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THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ON THE HEALING PROCESS OF THE FRAGURE IN THE MOUSE (항암제투여가 골절치유에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, Yong-Kack
    • The Journal of the Korean dental association
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    • v.16 no.1 s.104
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 1978
  • The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Cyclophosphamide on the healing process of fractures of the mice. Tweny-one young adult male mice were used. All of them were experimentally fractured in the left mandibular body areas, and Cyclophosphamide 0.1mg. per 30gr. body wt. was administrated intramuscularly to the experimental group. the mice of both control and experimental groups were sacrificed 1,3,5,7,10,14, and 21st day after operations and microscopic slides were made. The author has observed the histopathological findings. The results were as follows; 1. There were no specific difference between the experimental and control group in the early stage (1~5th day after operation) of the healing process of the mandibular fracture. 2. In the healing process of fractures 7-10th day after operation, the fibrous tissure formation and osteoblastic activity were poor in the experimental groop compared with the control group. 3. In the healing process of fractures 14-21th day after operation, the connective tissue and new bone formation were very poor in the experimental group compared with the control group. 4. On the whole, cyclophosphamide affected the experimentally fractured wound to delay healing in the jaw bone of the mice.

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