• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2001

This research was to find out the protective and healing effects of both the Jiguyangwi-tang and the Gamijiguyangwi-tang on the gastric mucosa injuries by cyclophosphamide. At first, Jiguyangwi-tang and Gamijiguyangwi-tang extract were administered to the mice before one week, and then integral administration of those two drugs(each herbal extract and cyclophosphamide) were followed for another one week, respectively. After finishing those treatments, I have examined the state of the both ulcer and inflammation on the damaged gastric mucosa cell and watched the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), Bcl-2, and apoptosis. These results were as follows, 1. Gastric mucosa inflammation have more significantly reduced in groups of integral administration of Jiguyangwi-tang plus cyclophosphamide, Gamijiguyangwi-tang plus cyclophosphamide and cyclophosphamide then in group of single cyclophosphamide. 2. Gastric ulcer have been reduced in groups of integral administration of Jiguyangwi-tang plus cyclophosphamide, Gamijiguyangwi-tang plus cyclophosphamide and cyclophosphamide then in group of single cyclophosphamide. But the significance have not shown. 3. PCNA level have more significantly elevated in integral administration of Jiguyangwi-tang plus cyclophosphamide and Gamijiguyangwi-tang plus cyclophosphamide and cyclophosphamide then in group of single cyclophosphamide. 4. The significance of both apoptosis induction and bcl-2level have not noticed among all groups. 5. Between Jiguyangwi-tang and Gamijiguyangwi-tang, the differance of effect was not admitted in statistically From these results, it is suggested that Jiguyangwi-tang and Gamijiguyangwi-tang are useful medicines in protecting gastric inflammation and ulcer, that is gastrointestinal side-effect of cyclophosphamide. The preventing effect of Jiguyangwi-tang and Gamijiguyangwi-tang may be through the 'affecting the period of cell division', but not the inhibition of apoptosis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2020

Cyclophosphamide, a cytotoxic anticancer agent, induces immunosuppression and has several adverse effects. N-acetylcysteine alleviates oxidative stress, liver injury, and intestinal tissue damage. The present study examined whether N-acetylcysteine modulates the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide in pigs. Miniature pigs (n = 15) were used as an experimental model to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment on immune reactions, liver injury, and oxidative stress after cyclophosphamide challenge. Corn-soybean meal based dietary treatments were as follows: control diet with either saline injection, cyclophosphamide injection, or 0.5% N-acetylcysteine and cyclophosphamide injection. N-acetylcysteine increased the number of immune cells and decreased TNF-α production after cyclophosphamide injection and decreased TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-κB, and IL-8 expression and increased IL-10 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased, superoxide dismutase activity increased, and malondialdehyde activity decreased following N-acetylcysteine treatment after cyclophosphamide injection. N-acetylcysteine decreases immunosuppression, liver injury, and oxidative stress in cyclophosphamide-challenged miniature pigs. The present study suggests that N-acetylcysteine has therapeutic application in livestock for modulating immune reactions, liver injury, and oxidative stress.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.183-186
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• 1998

Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome(SRNS) in children has poor prognosis and no effective therapy. In 1994, Ravi Elhence have reported that IV cyclophosphamide therapy was effective against SRNS of children. So, we evaluated the efficacy of IV cyclophosphamide in 3 children with biopsy proven steroid-resistant MCNS. And the result was the rapeutic failure. In conclusion, IV cyclophosphamide therapy wass not effective against SRNS of children.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1981

Eighty of Sarcoma 180 bearing mice, averaging 30 gm of body weight, were divided into eight groups of animals receiving Saline as the control, Corynebacterium parvum, Tubercin-3 and Cyclophosphamide alone and Cyclophosphamide combined with C. parvum, with Tubercin-3 and with both C. parvum and Tubercin-3 and Tubercin-3 combined with C. parvum respectively. Treatment was initiated 4.8 hours after tumor implantation and repeated three times once a day. Doses were suspended or dissolved in 0.2 ml of Saline: 1.4 mg of C. parvum: 0.5 micrograms of Tubercin-3; and 2.7 mg of Cyclophosphamide either in alone or in combination. All the agents given were administered subcutaneously but Cyclophosphamide was given intraperitoneally. The observation on the general conditions of animal took place twice a day following the treatment until the time of death after tumor implantation was determined. Average survival days in each group were as follows: In Control, Saline (11.2 days), C. parvum (14.8 days), Tubercin-3 (16.7 days), Cyclophosphamide(18.7 days). In combination therapy, Cyclophosphamide with C. parvum(22.8 days) with Tubercin-3 (26.9 days). Cyclophosphamide with both C. parvum an Tubercin-3, however, was somewhat longer than in Cyclophosphamide alone but shorter than in combined with either one of C. parvum or Tubercin-3. Finally, in combination with immunotherapeutic agents, Tubercin-3 and C. parvum each other it (8.2 days) was shorter even than Control. Life span of host is, in generally, inversely related to the number of malignant cells and conclusively, the therapeutic potentiation was reflected to be extended survival in combined treatment of a chemotherapeutic Cyclophosphamide with either one of immunotherapeutics, Tubercin-3 or C. parvum. Tubercin-3 and C. parvum in combination, however, appeared to be antagonistic each other.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.922-926
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• 1994

This study was carried out to detemrine the efficacy of combined treatment of cyclophosphamide with tubericin-3 and or picibanil. One hundred sixty sarcoma-180 bearing mice were divided eight groups. Each group received saline, tubercin-3, picibanil , and cyclophosphamide along and/or received cyclophosphamide with tubercin-3 , with picibanil or with both tubercin-3 and picinanil, respectively.Average surviving time of each group of animals was as follows ; control was 10.9days, tubercin-3 was 15.1 days. picibanil was 12.6 days, and cylophosphamide was 17.9 days, In combined therapyy that cylophosphamide injected with tubercin-3 , the surviving time was 26.8 days an din the case of other therapy that cyclophosphamide injected with tubercin-3, the surviving time was 26.8 days an din the case of other therapy that cyclophosphamide injected with picibanil, the surviving time was 21.9 day and cyclophosphamide treated with both turbercin03 and picibanil, the surviving time was found to be 18.2 days, conclusively , the therapeutic potentiation seemed to be extended when combined tretment of the chemotherapeutics cyclophosphamide with either one of immunotherapeutics tubericin-3 or picibanil was tried, Combinatin of tubercin-3 and picibanil showed to be atagonistic each other. Yield of ascites fluid were determined 7 days after injectino of sarcoma-180 ascites tumor cells. Adminitration of cyclophosphamide, tubercin-3 , and picibanil alone and their various combinations reduced the yield of ascites fluid except for picibanil group.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.236-243
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• 1994

A splenocyte culture system supplemented with liver microsomes was developed to detect immunotoxic chemicals which require metabolic activation using cyclophosphamide as a positive standard. When liver microsomes were added to splenocyte cultures isolated from female B6C3Fl mice, the proliferation of splenocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was increased and the proliferation by concanavalin A (Con A) was decreased. However, when compared with each corresponding control, cyclophophamide was successfully activated to metabolites capable of suppressing Iymphoproliferative responses. This suppression was clearly dependent upon the amounts of microsomes added and/or the concentration of cyclophosphamide exposed. In these cultures, the proliferation of splenocytes was suppressed when the cells were exposed to cyclophosphamide on the day of culture initiation. On the other hand, microsome was responsible for the increase in LPS mitogenicity and NADPH was responsible for the decrease in Con A mitogenicity. Finally, our present culture system was compared with the hepatocyte-splenocyte coculture system which we had developed earlier. We found that the hepatocyte-splenocyte coculture was better able to activate cyclophosphamide to metabolites capable of suppressing the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. Although our present culture system was relatively poor to activate cyclophosphamide in cultures for antibody response, it will be useful as a simple screening method to detect suppression of certain in vitro immunotoxic parameters like LPS mitogenicity by chemicals which require metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.653-664
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate diabetic renal changes in cyclophosphamide(CY) treated nonobese diabetic(NOD) mice and to develop animal model of diabetic human nephropathy. The 8-week-old NOD and ICR mice were injected with cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally at 200mg/kg body weight and compared the chemical effects on these mice with the non-treated NOD and ICR mice respectively. The renal glomeruli in ICR, cyclophosphamide-treated ICR(ICR+CY), NOD and cyclophosphamide-treated NOD(NOD+CY) mice were observed by the light and electron microscopes. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Spontaneous incidences of diabetes mellitus in NOD mice were significantly promoted by dosing with cyclophosphamide. 2. Glomerulohypertrophy, proliferation of mesangium, partial thickening of glomerular basement membrane, and partial fusion of pedicels of podocyte were observed in NOD mice and NOD+CY mice. These changes were not observed in both ICR mice and ICR+CY mice. 3. The diabetic nephropathy observed in NOD+CY mice was more severe than that of non-treated NOD mice.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1991

Ginseng components were examined for their ability to modify immunotoxicity of cyclophosphamide. Ginseng polysaccharide fraction (FO, 300 mg/kg) inhibited decreases in the ratio of spleen to body weight, white blood cells (WBC) count and the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) induced by cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg, i.p.), and increased these variables in normal mice. Ginseng saponin fraction (50 mg/kg) showed to increase hemoglobin content as well as the number of PFC/spleen in normal mice. on the other hand, Panaxytriol (20 mg/kg) Prevented decrease in mc count by cyclophos phamide. Neither saponin fraction nor panaxytriol had any significant effect on the number of PFC and antibody titers in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. These results suggest that ginseng polysaccharine fraction may reduce the immunotoxicity of cyclophosphamide and may be effective in stimulating immune function in normal mice.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.517-519
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• 1977

The author studied the effects of cyclophosphamide to the Dental pulps of Rabbits. Eighteen rabbits were used. The experimental rabbits were given an intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50mg. per 1.5Kg. of body weight. In order to investigate effects of cyclophosphamide to the pulps of rabbits the control and experimental rabbits were sacrificed, on 1,3,5,7,10, and 14 days after injection of cyclophosphamide and made preparations for histopathologic findings. The results were as fallows. 1. In the early stage after injection of cyclophosphamide, retrcgrade degeneration of pulps such as infiltration of inflammatory cells, vacuolization, hyaline degeneration and reticular tissue atrophy in pulps were revealed. 2. The pulps were recovered from 10 to 14 days after injection of cyclophosphamide.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2006

The immunomodulatory effect of a new herbal preparation, HemoHIM, on the recovery from leukopenia induced by cyclophosphamide treatment was investigated. The HemoHIM was made up with an addition of the ethanol-insoluble fraction to the total water extract of Angelica Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma and Paeonia Radix. Daily oral administration of 100 mg/kg BW or 500 mg/kg BW HemoHIM accelerated the recovery from cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia. HemoHIM increased the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood when compared with the cyclophosphamide-treated control. Moreover, the suppressed natural killer (NK) cell activity and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ secretion in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice were restored by the administration of HemoHIM. HemoHIM significantly reduced the abnormally heightened ratio of interleukin $(IL)-4/IFN-{\gamma}$ and immunoglobulin (Ig)E/IgG2a in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice. These results suggest that HemoHIM accelerates the recovery from leukopenia and alleviates the imbalanced T helper (Th)l/Th2 responses in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Additionally, HemoHIM was found to stimulate normal splenocytes to secrete not only Thl type cytokines such as $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-2, but also Th2 type cytokine IL-4. In conclusion, our results show that HemoHIM certainly has an influence on the balanced recovery of immune cells and the activation of their activities in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice.