• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2001년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.351-354
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• 2001

Undrained cyclic triaxial compression tests were performed on Saemangeum dredged sand to evaluate factors affecting liquefaction strength and liquefaction behaviour characteristics. The results of these tests show that cyclic liquefaction can occur not only very loose sand(Relative density is 30%) but also dense sand(Relative density is 70%). To evaluate effect of the over consolidation ratio on the liquefaction strength, a series of undrained cyclic triaxial compression test was peformed, and the result of this test showed that the liquefaction of this test showed that the liquefaction strength of Saemangeum dredged sand approximately increased to square root of over consolidation ratio in the range of O.C.R value of 1.0 to 4.0. In the anisotropically consolidated sample tests, the liquefaction strength is increased by increasing the effective consolidation ratio.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2012

The paper presents the results of identification, monotonous and cyclic triaxial tests on a potentially liquefiable soil from the Guadeloupe island. The material is a very soft clayey soil whose susceptibility to liquefaction is not clear when referring to index properties such as grain size distribution, plasticity, etc. The classifications found in the literature indicate that the material has rather a "clay-like" behaviour, i.e., is not very susceptible to liquefaction, but its properties are very close to the threshold values given by the authors. Cyclic triaxial tests carried out on the material under different conditions show that liquefaction is possible for a relatively important level of cyclic deviator or number of cycles. The second part of the paper is devoted to the study of the recovery of the soil after liquefaction and possibly reconsolidation. For the specimens tested without reconsolidation, that simulated the soil immediately after an earthquake, the recovery is nearly non-existent but the drop in pore pressure during extension results in a small available strength. On the contrary, after reconsolidation, the increase in strength of the liquefied specimens is quite large, compared to the initial state, but with unchanged failure envelopes.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.299-308
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• 2003

In order to investigate the dynamic deformation properties of rockfill materials in small strain level, cyclic triaxial tests were conducted using the large cyclic triaxial testing apparatus, which was developed by Water Resources Research Institute of KOWACO in 2001. Two types of rockfill materials consisting of granite and shale-sandstone were tested in this study. The test results show that G/G$\_$max/ of granite specimen decreases more than that of shale-sandstone with the increase of shear strain and the increase ratio in the maximum shear modulus G$\_$max/ of granite is bigger than the ratio of shale-sandstone.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

흙의 액상화 저항강도를 실내실험을 통해 산출할 때 일반적으로 반복삼축강도시험장비가 사용된다. 하지만, 국내의 경우 반복삼축강도시험 방법이 표준화되어 있지 않아 기관별로 상이한 실험방법으로 실험을 수행하고 있어 동일한 시료임에도 큰 편차가 발생하는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 미국과 일본의 반복삼축강도시험 기준을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 국내실정을 고려한 반복삼축강도시험 방법의 표준화를 수행하였다. 액상화 실험방법의 표준화에 따른 효용성을 검토하기 위해 표준화되지 않았던 기존의 실험방법과 표준화된 실험방법 두 방식을 통해 동일 시료에 대한 액상화 저항강도 평가를 수행하였으며 이를 통해 표준화에 따른 실험결과의 편차를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 표준화된 방법을 통해 실험을 수행한 경우 기관별 차이가 크게 줄어드는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2013

PURPOSES : In Korea, most designs of pavement had been mainly performed by considering CBR of granular materials before KPRP(Korea Pavement Research Program) and 86 AASHTO design method were introduced. Since then, the trend of the pavement designs gradually have moved to using mechanical characteristics throughout the resilient modulus based on the test results up to recently. In this study, we should like to research the mechanical characteristics of paving materials containing Recycled aggregates through the cyclic loading triaxial compression tests. METHODS : The kinds of materials were tested; coarse grained subbase materials, refining aggregates base materials and recycled aggregates. RESULTS : The present study aims to figure out the resilient modulus of paving materials containing Recycled aggregates through the cyclic loading triaxial compression tests. CONCLUSIONS : The test results revealed that the engineering properties of the recycled aggregates were more excellent than the those of others.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.325-343
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• 2016

A total stress-based bounding surface model is developed to predict the undrained behaviour of saturated soft clays under cyclic loads based on the anisotropic hardening modulus field and bounding-surface theories. A new hardening rule is developed based on a new interpolation function of the hardening modulus that has simple mathematic expression and fewer model parameters. The evolution of hardening modulus field is described in the deviatoric stress space. It is assumed that the stress reverse points are the mapping centre points and the mapping centre moves with the variation of loading and unloading paths to describe the cyclic stress-strain hysteresis curve. In addition, by introducing a model parameter that reflects the accumulation rate and level of shear strain to the interpolation function, the cyclic shakedown and failure behaviour of soil elements with different combinations of initial and cyclic stresses can be captured. The methods to determine the model parameters using cyclic triaxial compression tests are also studied. Finally, the cyclic triaxial extension and torsional shear tests are performed. By comparing the predictions with the test results, the model can be used to describe undrained cyclic stress-strain responses of elements with different stress states for the tested clays.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2014

Offshore wind turbines have been constructed extensively throughout the world. These turbines are subjected to approximately $10^8$ horizontal load cycles produced from wind, waves, and current during their lifetimes. Therefore, the accumulated displacement of the foundation under horizontal cyclic loading has significant effects on the foundation design of a wind turbine. Akili(2006) and Achmus et al.(2009) performed cyclic triaxial tests on dry sands and proposed an empirical model for predicting the accumulated plastic strain of sands under long-term cyclic loading. In this study, cyclic triaxial tests were performed to analyze the cyclic loading behaviors of dry sands. A total of 27 test cases were performed by varying three parameters: the relative density of the sands, cyclic load level, and confining stress. The test results showed that the accumulated plastic strain increased with an increase in the cyclic load level and a decrease in the relative density of the sand. The confining stress had less effect on the plastic strain. In addition, the plastic strain at the 1st loading cycle was about 57% of the accumulated strain at 1,000 cycles. Finally, the input parameters of the empirical models of Akili(2006) and Achmus et al.(2009) were evaluated by using the relative density of the sand and the cyclic load level.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2004

반복삼축시험에 의한 반복하중 후 강도 및 강성의 예측법을 이용하여, 세립토에 대해서 직접단순 전단시험에서도 그 방법의 사용 가능성을 확인하여 보았다. 사용한 흙은 실트질 점토, 소성 실트와 비소성 실트이다. 반복삼축시험을 통해서 얻은 강도 및 강성 예측법을 직접단순 전단시험에 맞게 수정하여 시험 결과와 비교하였다. 특히, 세립토의 소성지수와 초기전단응력(ISSS)의 영향이 강조되었다. 연구결과는 (i) 세립토의 액상화강도비는 소성지수의 감소와 초기전단응력의 증가에 따라 감소한다. (ii)등가강성과 전단변형률의 관계에 미치는 소성지수와 초기전단응력의 영향은 그리 크지 않다. (iii) 정규화한 과잉간극수압의 증가에 따른 강도비의 저하는 세립토의 소성지수가 증가할수록 느리다. (iv) 활성도가 큰 소성실트의 강성은 과잉간극 수압의 증가에 따라 급속히 감소한다. (v) 반복삼축시험 결과를 이용한 반복하중후 강도 및 강성의 예측법을 이용하여 직접단순 전단시험 결과에 수정한 방법은 시험결과와 잘 어울리는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

In the present study, the dynamic deformation characteristics of clay, including the effect of loading rate in large strain ranges, were examined by performing undrained cyclic triaxial test. The test results showed that the loading rate to failure decreased with increasing loading amplitude and decreasing loading frequency. While the stress-strain relationships was not affected by loading frequency, excess pore pressure was affected significantly with the change in loading frequency. The change for 0.1 Hz was larger for than that of 0.01 Hz, resulting in inclined effective stress paths. Furthermore, the lower the frequency was, the higher the excess pore pressure was in the first loading.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 Bottom Ash와 표준사의 상대밀도시험을 실시하여 시험결과를 토대로 40%, 55%, 70%의 상대밀도로 반복삼축시험을 실시하였다. 또한, 55%의 상대밀도로 세립분 함유량에 따른 반복삼축시험을 실시하였다. 시료는 No.40체, No.60체, No.100체, No.200체 잔류시료로 분류를 하여 현장에서 시료의 다짐을 실시한 경우 발생될 수 있는 시료의 파쇄를 고려하여 Bottom Ash를 A다짐 몰드를 이용한 파쇄시험을 실시하였다. 각 체의 잔류시료의 파쇄특성을 고려하면 A다짐에 따른 파쇄율은 약 30%까지 증가하게 되어 세립분 함유량을 10%, 20%, 30%로 조정하여 상대밀도 시험을 실시하였다. 상대밀도에 따른 반복삼축시험을 통해 Bottom Ash의 액상화 저항특성을 분석하였다. 시험결과 Bottom Ash의 경우 파쇄강도가 표준사에 비해 작아 축차응력에 크기에 따라 기존 포화사질토와 상이한 액상화 거동특성을 보였으며, 시료의 세립분의 함유량에 따라 액상화 저항특성이 최대인 세립분 함유량을 찾을 수 있었다.