• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2007

In order to reduce the compression power and to use the overall energy contained in LNG effectively, a combined cycle is devised and simulated. The combined cycle is composed of two cycles; one is an open cycle of liquid/solid carbon dioxide production cycle utilizing LNG cold energy in $CO_2$ condenser and the other is a closed cycle gas turbine which supplies power to the $CO_2$ cycle, utilizes LNG cold energy for lowering the compressor inlet temperature, and uses the heating value of LNG at the burner. The power consumed for the $CO_2$ cycle is investigated in terms of a solid $CO_2$ production ratio. The present study shows that much reduction in both $CO_2$ compression power (only 35% of the power used in conventional dry ice production cycle) and $CO_2$ condenser pressure could be achieved by utilizing LNG cold energy and that high cycle efficiency (55.3% at maximum power condition) in the gas turbine could be accomplished with the adoption of compressor inlet cooling and regenerator. Exergy analysis shows that irreversibility in the combined cycle increases linearly as a solid $CO_2$ production ratio increases and most of the irreversibility occurs in the condenser and the heat exchanger for compressor inlet cooling. Hence, incoming LNG cold energy to the above components should be used more effectively.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.285-296
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• 2005

In order to reduce the compression power and to use the overall energy contained in LNG effectively, a combined cycle is devised and simulated. The combined cycle is composed of two cycles; one is an open cycle of liquid/solid carbon dioxide production cycle utilizing LNG cold energy in $CO_2$ condenser and the other is a closed cycle gas turbine which supplies power to the $CO_2$ cycle, utilizes LNG cold energy for lowering the compressor inlet temperature, and uses the heating value of LNG at the burner. The power consumed for the $CO_2$ cycle is investigated in terms of a production ratio of solid $CO_2$. The present study shows that much reduction in both $CO_2$ compression power (only $35\%$ of power used in conventional dry ice production cycle) and $CO_2$ condenser pressure could be achieved by utilizing LNG cold energy and that high cycle efficiency ($55.3\%$ at maximum power condition) in the gas turbine could be accomplished with the adoption of compressor inlet cooling and regenerator. Exergy analysis shows that irreversibility in the combined cycle increases linearly as a production ratio of solid $CO_2$ increases and most of the irreversibility occurs in the condenser and the heat exchanger for compressor inlet cooling. Hence, incoming LNG cold energy to the above components should be used more effectively.

• Journal of Advanced Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 2011

This study was carried out to reduce the problem during distillation process, which separate U, TRU (TRans Uranium) metal electro deposit, Cd and LiCl-KCl eutectic salt generating from LCC (Liquid Cadmium Cathode) electro winning process. The cadmium recovering apparatus was manufactured to separate for each metal using solid-liquid separation method. The apparatus consists of the first sieve for the separation of U and TRU metal electrodeposit, the second sieve for the separation of LiCl-KCl eutectic salt, cadmium collection basket, and a heating furnace. In addition, the size of each sieve is 2 mm to 3 mm. In this experiment, a metal wire was employed to replace TRU metal electrodeposit and U, which exist actually in a LCC crucible. In the solid state, The LiCl-KCl is separated at 340℃ at which the solid and the liquid of the remaining cadmium and LiCl-KCl eutectic salt coexists in each, after the metal wire separated at 500℃. As a result, it seems that it would be beneficial to set the processing condition in the distillation process with the additional treatment process of cadmium and LiCl-KCl eutectic salt.

• International Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.58-61
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• 2015

Combustion instability in solid rocket motors is a long-term open problem since the first rockets were used. Based on the numerous previous studies, it is known that the limit cycle amplitude is one of the key characteristics of the nonlinear combustion instability in solid rocket motors. Flandro's extended energy balance corollary, aims to predict the limit cycle amplitude of complex, nonlinear pressure oscillations for rockets or air-breathing engines, and leads to a precise assessment of nonlinear combustion instability in solid rocket motors. However, based on the comparison with experimental data, it is revealed that the Flandro's method cannot accurately describe such a complex oscillatory pressure. Thus in this work we make modifications of the nonlinear term in the nonlinear wave equations which represents the interaction of different modes. Through this modified method, a numerical simulation of the cylindrical solid rocket has been carried out, and the simulated result consists well with the experimental data. It means that the added coefficient makes the nonlinear wave growth equations describe the experimental data better.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.65-69
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• 2003

The effects of microstructural features on the fracture behaviors, including impact, high-cycle fatigue, fatigue and crack propagation, of thixoformed 357-T5 (Al-7%Si-0.6%Mg) alloy were examined. The resistance to impact and high-cycle fatigueof thixoformed 357-T5 tended to improve greatly with increasing solid volume fraction. An almost three-fold increase in impact energy value was, for example, observed with increasing solid volume fraction from 59 to 70%. The improvement in both impact and fatigue properties of thixoformed 357-75 with increasing solid volume fraction in the present study appeared to be related to the magnitude of stress concentration at the interface between primary and eutectic phase, by which the fracture process was largely influenced. Based on the fractographic and micrographic observations, the mechanism associated with the beneficial effect of high solid volume fraction in thixoformed 357-T5 alloy was discussed.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.61-71
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• 2023

The necessity of energy utilization using livestock manure has been proposed with the decrease in domestic agricultural land. Livestock manure solid fuel has been investigated as a promising energy resource owing to its convenient storage and use in agricultural and livestock fields. Additional electricity production is possible through the integration of a biomass combustion boiler with the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). In this study, a mathematical system model of the cattle manure solid fuel boiler integrated with the ORC was developed to analyze the components' performance under variable operating conditions. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm the electrical efficiency of the ORC turbine and the applicability of this system. The minimum required waste heat recovery rate was derived considering the system marginal price and levelized cost of electricity of the ORC. The simulation results showed that, in Korea, more than 77.98% of waste heat recovery and utilization in ORC turbines is required to achieve economic feasibility through ORC application.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.643-650
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• 2003

We analyzed the amount of environmental loads, and the amount of energy consumption through life cycle assessment from a discharge stage to the ultimate disposal to municipal solid waste in Seoul. We carried out inventory analysis of the amount of environmental loads that made the object range collection, intermediate treatment, and the final treatment, and took into consideration each stage exceptions CO$_2$ and NOx , the amount of SOx discharge, and energy consumption. We applied the data of an object model, and acquisition processed the scale of an object model suitably and applied to it to difficult data using the data of the Yokohama City incineration plant in Japan. The amount of environmental loads per Iton of municipal waste were analyzed CO$_2$ 0.4C-ton, SOx 0.4kg and NOx 0.8kg. Moreover, the amount of energy consumption which is 2.4Gcal was computed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.350-351
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• 2007

The $LiFePO_4$ as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries was synthesized by the solid-state reaction using ballmiller and employed one step heat treatment at $650^{\circ}C$. The influence of the heating time on the structure, particle size and cycle performance was investigated. $LiFePO_4$ heated at $650^{\circ}C$ for 3 h exhibited higher discharge capacity of 140 mAh/g and excellent cycle performance.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.368-373
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• 2004

To improve the conventional cathode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) from the viewpoint of low cell power density, expensive fabrication process and high operation temperature, the anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cell was investigated. The anode tube of Ni-8mol% $Y_2$O$_3$-stabilized $ZrO_2$ (8YSZ) was manufactured by extrusion process, and, the electrolyte of 8YSZ and the multi-layered cathode of $LaSrMnO_3$(LSM)ILSM-YSZ composite/$LaSrCoFeO_3$ were coated on the surface of the anode tube by slurry dip coating process, subsequently. Their cell performances were examined under gases of humidified hydrogen with 3% water and air. In the thermal cycle condition of heating and cooling rates with $3.33^{\circ}C$/min, the anode-supported tubular cell showed an excellent resistance as compared with the electrolyte-supported planar cell. The optimum hydrogen flow rate was evaluated and the air preheating increased the cell performance due to the increased gas temperature inside the cell. In long-term stability test, the single cell indicated a stable performance of 300 mA/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 0.85 V for 255 hr.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.570-576
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• 1999

$LaCrO_3$-dispersed Cr alloys for metallic interconnector of solid oxide fuel cell have been studied as function of $LaCrO_3$ content in the range of 5 to 25 vol.% in order to examine the electric conductivity, the oxidation property and the thermal expansion behavior of these alloys. The $LaCrO_3$-dispersed Cr alloys showed high electrical conductivities of $3~5\times10^4$ S/cm at room temperature, and as the $LaCrO_3$content increased the conductivity decreased slightly. During the cyclic oxidation test at $1100^{\circ}C$, the weight change of the Cr alloys decreased with increasing number of oxidation cycle except first cycle, which is attributed to the vaporization of the oxide scale. More addition of the $LaCrO_3$ content reduced also the weight change of the Cr alloys. These mean that the oxide scale formed at the surface of the Cr alloy becomes stable with increasing number of oxidation cycle and$LaCrO_3$ content. The measured thermal expansion of the Cr alloy was well fitted to that of 8 mol% $Y_2O_3$-stabilized $ZrO_2$ electrolyte. These results demonstrate that $LaCrO_3$-dispersed Cr alloy is a useful material for metallic interconnector of solid oxide fuel cell.