• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2003

This study describes the merits of PWM control of hydraulic system using high speed on-off valves. Generally, Electro-hydraulic valves can be classified into two classification: valves which are controlled by analog signal and which are controlled by digital. The former includes hydraulic servo valves and proportional valves which require A/D converters as interface to digital computer and too costly and sensitive to oil contamination because of complexity in structures. The latter includes high speed on-off valves which do not require A/D converters because they are normally operated in a pulse width modulation(PWM) method, and are low in price and robust to oil contamination because of their simple structures. The objectives of this study is to analyze the limit cycle which regularly appear in the position control system using 2/2way high speed on-off valves and to give a criterion for the stability of this system. The nonlinear characteristics of PWM and cylinder friction of this system are described by harmonic linearization and the effects of parameter variations to the system stability are simulated.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2000

It is well known that combustion stability under idle and part-load conditions directly affect fuel economy and exhaust emission. In practice, there have been a lot of studies so that a significant improvement in combustion stability has been achieved in this research field. However, applying published results to the development process of mass production engine, there are still many problems which are solved previously. In this study, initial flame behavior and flame propagation characteristic were investigated statistically in order to optimize combustion chamber shapes in the development stage of mass production S.I. engine. To the purpose, the authors applied the flame image capturing system to single cylinder optical engine. The captured flame images were effectively analyzed by using the image processing program which was developed by the authors and adopted new threshold algorithm instead of conventional histogram analysis. In addition, the cylinder pressure was also measured simultaneously to compare evaluated flame results with cylinder pressure data in terms of the combustion characteristics, combustion stability, and cycle-to-cycle combustion variability.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.869-880
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• 2019

Due to the inherent feedforward of load current, capacitor current (CC) control shows a fast transient response that makes it suitable for the power supplies used in various portable electronic devices. However, considering the effect of the outer voltage loop, the stable range of the duty-cycle is significantly diminished in CC controlled buck converters. To investigate the stability effect of the outer voltage loop on buck converters, a CC controlled buck converter with a proportion-integral (PI) compensator is taken as an example, and its second-order discrete-time model is established. Based on this model, the instability caused by the duty-cycle is discussed with consideration of the outer voltage loop. Then the dynamical effects of the feedback gain of the PI compensator and the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the output capacitor on the CC controlled buck converter with a PI compensator are studied. Furthermore, the design-oriented closed-loop stability criterion is derived. Finally, PSIM simulations and experimental results are supplied to verify the theoretical analyses.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.47-85
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• 2009

본 연구는 1970년 이후 우리나라 거시경제변수들의 경기변동과 관련된 특징들을 포괄적으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 각종 거시경제 변수들이 어떠한 특성을 보여 왔는지에 대해 실증분석하였다. 실증분석에서는 크게 국내 경제의 순환적 변동을 어떻게 식별할 것인지, 주요 경제변수들이 전체 경기순환과정에서 어떠한 패턴으로 변동하고 있는지, 그리고 경기변동과정의 안정성에 대한 변화 여부 등의 이슈를 다루었다. 분석 결과, 1970년 이후 우리나라 거시경제의 안정성은 외환위기 기간을 제외하고는 개선되었으며, 특히 2000년 이후부터는 경제내의 부문 간에 상호보완적인 관계가 나타나면서 전체적인 경기변동성이 감소하였던 것으로 나타나고 있다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2004

본 연구는 소성변형을 예측하기 위하여 현재 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 반복주행 (Wheel tracking: WT) 시험을 통해 얻어진 변형량-사이클 곡선의 동적안정도(Dynamic stability : DS)를 정립하기 위한 연구이다. 기존에 반복주행시험을 통해 얻어진 곡선에서 동적안정도를 구하는 방법은 표준화되어 있기는 하지만 불합리한 점이 많아 이를 보다 합리적으로 정립하기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 슬래브 $305{\times}305{\times}70mm$의 공시체를 롤러콤팩터로 다짐하여 공극률 약 $4\pm0.5%$로 맞추어 제조하여 반복주행시험을 실시하였다. 기존에 동적안정도를 구하는데 사용하던 방법보다는 본 연구에서 사용한 방법으로 동적안정도를 구하는 것이 침하 깊이와의 상관성을 보다 잘 반영하고, 소성변형 저항성이 좋은 것과 나쁜 것간의 차이가 보다 확실히 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 추후 본 연구에서 개발된 방법으로 계산하여서 동적안정도가 큰 혼합물이 실제 현장에서도 공용성이 우수한지를 추적 조사하는 연구가 뒤따라야 할 것이다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.573-588
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• 2023

Purpose: This study presents a research approach that utilizes deep reinforcement learning to construct optimal portfolios based on the business cycle for stocks and other assets. The objective is to develop effective investment strategies that adapt to the varying returns of assets in accordance with the business cycle. Methods: In this study, a diverse set of time series data, including stocks, is collected and utilized to train a deep reinforcement learning model. The proposed approach optimizes asset allocation based on the business cycle, particularly by gathering data for different states such as prosperity, recession, depression, and recovery and constructing portfolios optimized for each phase. Results: Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed deep reinforcement learning-based approach in constructing optimal portfolios tailored to the business cycle. The utility of optimizing portfolio investment strategies for each phase of the business cycle is demonstrated. Conclusion: This paper contributes to the construction of optimal portfolios based on the business cycle using a deep reinforcement learning approach, providing investors with effective investment strategies that simultaneously seek stability and profitability. As a result, investors can adopt stable and profitable investment strategies that adapt to business cycle volatility.

• 전기의세계
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1972

The transient stability of the synchronous motor is generally improved by damper winding or flywheel. However the synchronous motor at full load will be pulled out from normal operation state when the period of power failure exceeds approximately ten cycle per second. This paper studies the method of improving the stability of synchronous motor by equipping the phase slipping switch between the motor and power source. This paper shows the motor does not pull out, which results from the decrease of power angle to about 30 electrical degrees by means of the switch even when the relatively long period of power failure brings the power angle to some 150 electrical degrees.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.155-158
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• 2016

Long-term stability of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) module is critical for the commercialization. We investigated the effect of sealing technology on the long-term stability of the $10cm{\times}11cm$ sized DSSC modules. We applied the concept of secondary sealing to the module and then performed several stability tests such as humidity cycle, 1 sun light soaking and outdoor stability tests. The enhanced stability was confirmed for the DSSC module employing optimized sealing materials and architectures.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.345-349
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• 1999

We fused the promoter region of an H3.2 chicken histone gene, whose expression is dependent on the cell cycle, to the 5' coding region of an H3.3 chicken histone gene, which is expressed constitutively at a low level throughout the cell cycle. This fusion gene showed a cell cycle-regulated pattern of expression, but in a different manner. The mRNA level of the fusion gene increase during the S phase of the cell cycle by about 3.7-fold at 6 h and 2.7-fold at 12 h after the serum stimulation. The mRNA level of the intact H3.2 gene, however, increased by an average of 3.6-fold at 6 h and 8.7-fold at 12 h. This different expression pattern might be due to the differences in their 3' end region that is responsible for mRNA stability. The 3' end of the H3.2 mRNA contains a stem-loop structure, instead of a poly(A) tail present in the H3.3 mRNA. We also constructed a similar fusion gene using a H3.3 histone gene whose introns had been eliminated to rule out the possibility of involvement of the introns in cell cycle-regulated expression. The expression of this fusion gene was almost identical to the fusion gene made previously. These results indicate that the promoter region of the H3.2 gene is only partially responsible for its expression during the S phase of the cell cycle.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.122-131
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• 1997

아연-티타늄 복합금속산화물 탈황제를 제조하여 석탄가스중의 $H_2S$를 제거하는 고온탈황성능을 연구하였다. $H_2S$ 흡수에 의한 탈황제의 황화반응실험을 충전층 관형 흐름반응기를 사용하여 $550{\sim}750^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 수행한 결과 탈황율과 아연성분의 손실측면에서 $650^{\circ}C$가 최적 황화반응 온도임이 밝혀졌다. SEM 분석에 의해서 $650^{\circ}C$에서의 황화반응과 $750^{\circ}C$에서의 재생반응에 따른 탈황제 입자의 구조변화를 관찰하였다. 탈황성능의 지속성과 탈황제 내구성을 평가하기 위하여 연속적인 황화-재생 cycle 반응실험을 수행하였으며 10번째 cycle 이후에 수거반 탈황제 시료의 특성을 BET, XRD, SEM/EDX에 의해서 분석하였다. 아연-티타늄 복합 산화물 탈황제는 연속적인 황화-재생 cycle 동안에 거의 일정한 탈황성능을 나타내었다.