• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.785-791
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• 2010

In this note, we give a characterization of cycle lengths of uniform cellular automata configured with rules 60 or 102.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.12C
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• pp.1129-1134
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• 2006

In this paper, we analyze the cycle structure of punctured finite-length RA-type LDPC codes and design interleavers which have good memory efficiency and avoid short cycles. Furthermore, we introduce the check-node merging scheme for punctured finite-length RA-type LDPC codes and design simple interleavers. Simulation results show that punctured finite-length RA-type LDPC codes using the proposed simple interleavers have better performance than those with random and S-random interleavers.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

Increasing the operation cycle length can be an important goal in the fuel reload design of a nuclear reactor core. In this research paper, a new optimization approach, electromagnetism mechanism (EM), is applied to the fuel arrangement design of the Bushehr WWER-1000 core. For this purpose, a neutronic solver has been developed for calculating the required parameters during the reload cycle of the reactor. In this package, two modules have been linked, including PARCS v2.7 and WIMS-5B codes, integrated in a solver for using in the fuel arrangement optimization operation. The first results of the prepared package, along with the cycle for the original pattern of Bushehr WWER-1000, are compared and verified according to the Final Safety Analysis Report and then the results of exploited EM linked with Purdue Advanced Reactor Core Simulator (PARCS) and Winfrith Improved Multigroup Scheme (WIMS) codes are reported for the loading pattern optimization. Totally, the numerical results of our loading pattern optimization indicate the power of the EM for this problem and also show the effective improvement of desired parameters for the gained semi-optimized core pattern in comparison to the designer scheme.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 1997

An experiment study was performed to investigate the optimum cycle of an inverter heat pump as a function of frequency. The performance of the inverter heat pump with the rated cooling capacity of 4141W(3550kcal/h) was measured with a variation of frequency, indoor and outdoor temperature, and length of capillary tube in the psychrometric test room. As a base case, the inverter heat pump with the standard capillary length of 1000mm which was optimum size for the frequency of 60Hz and ARHRAE Test condition A was tested by varying frequency from 30Hz to 80Hz. Then, the optimum cycle was invesigated by varying the length of capillary tube at each frequency levels of 30, 60 and 80Hz. Based on the experimental data, the change of system characteristics between the optimum and the base case were analyzed for each selected frequency levels. Generally, for low frequency level(30Hz), the longer length of the capillary tube compared with the standard size showed the higher EER, while for high frequency level(80Hz) the shorter length of the capillary tube showed the higher EER.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.3 s.74
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• pp.145-157
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• 2004

The cycle length design model of the Korean traffic responsive signal control systems is devised to vary a cycle length as a response to changes in traffic demand in real time by utilizing parameters specified by a system operator and such field information as degrees of saturation of through phases. Since no explicit guideline is provided to a system operator, the system tends to include ambiguity in terms of the system optimization. In addition, the cycle lengths produced by the existing model have yet been verified if they are comparable to the ones minimizing delay. This paper presents the studies conducted (1) to find shortcomings embedded in the existing model by comparing the cycle lengths produced by the model against the ones minimizing delay and (2) to propose a new direction to design a cycle length minimizing delay and excluding such operator oriented parameters. It was found from the study that the cycle lengths from the existing model fail to minimize delay and promote intersection operational conditions to be unsatisfied when traffic volume is low, due to the feature of the changed target operational volume-to-capacity ratio embedded in the model. The 64 different neural network based cycle length design models were developed based on simulation data surrogating field data. The CORSIM optimal cycle lengths minimizing delay were found through the COST software developed for the study. COST searches for the CORSIM optimal cycle length minimizing delay with a heuristic searching method, a hybrid genetic algorithm. Among 64 models, the best one producing cycle lengths close enough to the optimal was selected through statistical tests. It was found from the verification test that the best model designs a cycle length as similar pattern to the ones minimizing delay. The cycle lengths from the proposed model are comparable to the ones from TRANSYT-7F.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Spermatogenesis and the reproductive cycle in male Spisula sachalinensis were investigated by cytological and histological observations. The morphology of the spermatozoon has a primitive type and is similar to those of other bivalves in that it contains a short midpiece with four mitochondria surrounding the centrioles. But spermatozoon of this species has not axial rod and satellite body in the midpiece. The morphologies of the sperm nucleus type and the acrosome shape of this species have a globe-shape type and modified cap-like shape, respectively. The spermatozoon is approximately $40-45{\mu}m$ in length including the sperm nucleus length (about $1.35{\mu}m$), acrosome length (about $1.50{\mu}m$) and tail flagellum. The axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure. The spawning period of these species lasts from June to July, and the main spawning occurs in July when seawater temperatures are greater than $20^{\circ}C$. The male reproductive cycle of this species can be categorized into five successive stages: early active stage (October to January), late active stage (February to April), ripe stage (April to June), partially spawned stage (June and July), and spent/inactive stage (August to September).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2008

The gonad index, reproductive cycle and first sexual maturity of Sinonovacula constricta collected from Simpo, Kimje-gun, Korea were investigated by histological analysis. The gonad index(GI) in both sexes of S. constricta increased from April and reached a maximum in July when the water temperature rapidly increased. And then, the GI values gradually decreased by spawning from August through October. Monthly variations in the GI showed a close relationship with ovarian development. The reproductive cycle in females and males can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage(March to June), late active stage(May to July), ripe stage(July to September), partially spawned stage(August to October), spent/inactive stage(October to March). The percentage of first sexual maturations in female and male clams of 50.1-60.0 mm in shell length was over 50%, and for clams over 70.1 mm in shell length, it was 100%. Because harvesting clams < 50.1 mm in shell length could potentially cause a drastic reduction in recruitment, a measure including a prohibitory fishing size should be taken for adequate improved fisheries resource management.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to present a linear programing optimization model for the design of lane-based lane-uses and signal timings for an isolated intersection. METHODS: For the optimization model, a set of constraints for lane-uses and signal settings are identified to ensure feasibility and safety of traffic flow. Three types of objective functions are introduced for optimizing lane-uses and signal operation, including 1) flow ratio minimization of a dual-ring signal control system, 2) cycle length minimization, and 3) capacity maximization. RESULTS : The three types of model were evaluated in terms of minimizing delay time. From the experimental results, the flow ratio minimization model proved to be more effective in reducing delay time than cycle length minimization and capacity maximization models and provided reasonable cycle lengths located between those of other two models. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the flow ratio minimization objective function is the proper one to implement for lane-uses and signal settings optimization to reduce delay time for signalized intersections.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.167-186
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• 1994

The purpose of his study is to investigate the relationship between the business cycle and the fashion of silhouette from 1956 to 1992. Correlation analysis an regression analysis were used to investigate the relation of them. In this study, the coincident composite index was used as business cycle and change of skirt in length and width, collar and pants in width wee thoroughly checked through graphs and photographs. The results of analysis are as follows. 1. When the economy is to ascend, the skirts are short and narrow. On the country, when the economy is descend, they are long and wide. 2. The business cycle gives influence on skirts line and with, that is, about 18%, 33% of total changes. 3. In change of fashion, skirts length and width had significant positive correlation and they showed a tendency to move together. On the other hand, the change of collar and patterns in width have no connection with business fluctuation. 4. The change of fashion is affected by the movement of itself. According to analysis that includes the trend of skirts, about 50%, and 35% of changes in skirts length and width were decided by them,. and about 52% and 35% of change in collar and patterns width were decided by them.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2006

Gonad index, spermatogenesis and the reproductive cycle of Meretrix petechialis were investigated by cytological, histological observations. Monthly changes in the gonad index coincides the gonadal development. The morphology of the spermatozoon had a primitive type and is similar to that of other bivalves having a short mid-piece with five to six mitochondria surrounding the centrioles. The morphology of the sperm nucleus type and the acrosome shape of this species were cylindrical type and cap-like shape, respectively. The spermatozoon was approximately 40-45 ${\mu}m$ in length including the sperm nucleus length (about 1.50 ${\mu}m$), acrosome length (0.60 ${\mu}m$) and tail flagellum. The axoneme of the tail flagellum consisted of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail showed 9 + 2 microtubular arrangement. The spawning period was from June to September and the main spawning occurred from July to August when seawater temperatures were higher than $20^{\circ}C$. The reproductive cycle of this species could be categorized into five successive stages: early active stage (February to March), late active stage (February to May), ripe stage (April to July), partially spawned stage (June to September), and spent/inactive stage (September to February).