• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 2008

Cutting performance and wear behavior were studied with the diamond micro-blade of Cu/Sn bond materials containing various amount of lubricant materials such as graphite and $MoS_2$. Measurement of instantaneous electric power consumption for cutting glass workpiece at the constant velocity was conducted and proposed as a method to assess cutting efficiency. The energy consumption of micro-blade for glass cutting decreased with the content of graphite and $MoS_2$ while wear amount of blade in volume increased with the amount of lubricant addition during the dicing test. It is because that hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness ($K_{IC}$) reduced with the amount of lubricant addition. Blades with $MoS_2$ additive showed higher mechanical properties than those with graphite additives when the same amount of the lubricant additive in wt.% was added. Due to the lower density of graphite than $MoS_2$, higher volume fraction of graphite could result in stronger effect on lowering electric power consumption by reducing the friction between blade and work piece however increasing wear rate due to the reduction in strength and fracture toughness. Adhesive wearing mode of micro blade could be remarkably improved by the addition of graphite as well as $MoS_2$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Since SRC (Short-term Rotation Coppice) such as poplar and willow can be harvested in three years, they are known to be a potential forest biomass as fuel for a power plant. The production system including transplanting and harvesting is, however, necessary to be mechanized because such a biomass should be handled in a massive volumetric size. A pull-type stem-cutting transplanter was developed in the research as the first step to realize the production of SRC. A needle-like transplanting device pushes a stem-cutting into the prepared soil bed by a pneumatic cylinder, and another device firms soil around a stem-cutting transplanted. Since this is an intermittent operation, it was necessary to develop a zero horizontal velocity mechanism which enabled only the transplanting needle part to continue a zero horizontal movement relative to the ground during the transplanting operation even when the tractor kept moving forward. The 2-row transplanter can transplant stem-cuttings at the rate of 6.5 seconds per row without missing a single attempt. The planting depth and distance were well maintained and controlled. Their CVs were between 2.1~3.4% and 0.87~1.7% for the depth and the distance, respectively. Although, the transplanted stem-cuttings tended to lean outward from the back-view and forward from the side view, they were planted within the range of $3^{\circ}$ from the upright position.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze turbidity and quality characteristics of white rice as a function of main shaft blast velocity and to verify the optimum processing conditions in the cutting type white rice processing system (CTWRPS). Methods: Sindongjin, one of the rice varieties, which used to be produced in Gimje-si, Jeollabuk-do, in 2015, was used as the experimental material. Turbidity and quality characteristics of white rice were measured at three different main shaft blast velocities: 25, 30, and 35 m/s. The amount of test material used for a single experiment was 20 kg, and after processing, whiteness was found to be $42.5{\pm}0.5$, following which, turbidity and quality characteristics were measured. Results: Turbidity decreased with increase in the shaft blast velocity, and as a result, was lowest at 35 m/s of shaft blast velocity among all the other experiment velocities. The trend of cracked rice ratios was similar to the turbidity. Broken rice ratio turned out to be less than 2.0% in all the test conditions. In the first stage of processing, the processing pressure decreased as the main shaft blast velocity increased. Additionally, in the second stage of processing, the processing pressure was at its lowest value at the main shaft blast velocity of 35 m/s. Energy consumption, too, decreased as the main shaft blast velocity was increased. Conclusions: From the above results, it is concluded that the main shaft blast velocity of 35 m/s is best for reducing turbidity and producing high quality rice in a CTWRPS.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.86-95
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• 1996

Rotary disc ultrafiltration module(RDM) was developed for the separation of oil e$$\mu$sions. This module was devised to reduce the gel polarization phenomenon by decoupling the operation pressure and the surface velocity of solution in ultrafiltration(UF) processes. The rotary disc membrane consists of 3mm-thick ABS plate covered with UF membrane (UOP, U.S.A.). When the angular velocity($\omega$) was increased, the pure water flux was slightly decreased due to pressure drop caused by centrifugal force and slip flow at the surface of membrane. The pressure drop was proportional to the square of linear velocity(${\omega}r$). When the angular velocity was changed from 52.36rad/s to 2.62rad/s, the flux decline for 5% cutting oil in one-shaft RDM at $25^{\circ}C$ and 0.1MPa was 30.16%. In the lower concentrations, angular velocity tends to give less effect on the flux. Flux(J; $kg/m^{2} \cdot s$) in a rotating disc module is mainly a function of the bulk concentration($C_{B}$; %), the linear velocity(${\omega}r$; m/s) and the effective transmembrane pressure($\Delta P_{T}$ ; Pa). Using a modified resistance-in-series model, the flux data of cutting oil experiments were fitted to give the following equation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 1990

Automatic monitoring of the cutting conditions is one of the most improtant technologies in machining. In this study, the feasibility in applying acoustic emission(AE) signals for the in-process detection of endmill wear and fracture has been investigated by performing experimental test on the NC vertical milling machine with SM45C for specimen. As the results of detecting and analyzing AE signals on various cutting conditions, the followings have confirmed. (1) The RMS value of acoustic emission is related sensitively to the cutting velocity, but is not affected largely by feed rate. (2) The burst type AE signals of high level have been observed when removing chips distorderly and discontinuously. (3) When the RMS value grows up rapidly due to the increase of wear the endmill are generally broken or fractured, but when the endmills fracture at the conditions of smooth chip-flow or built-up-edge(BUE) occurred frequently, the rapid change of the RMS arenot found. And it is expected that this technigue will be quite useful for in-process sensing of tool wear and fracture.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.256-263
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• 1993

The integration of deburring robots into product quality and productivity impact the industrial. In this paper the intelligent system of robotic deburring is proposed integrated with robot system, image processing system, force sensor system and host PC. The size, position, recognition of burr is determined by the information that the image processing system processed. The feed velocity of cutting tool is controlled by the information that the force sensor system processed. The integration of these information can remove the uncertainty of the information of deburring on the cutting path. The result of these technologies is useful for the development of the factory automation and automatic inspection equipments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.332-335
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• 1997

With the advance of precision technique, the optical system is more precise and complex and the machining method of optical element which is composed of micro-grooves is developed. Especially, the method of micro-grooving using diamond tool is used widely owing to many merit, but has problems of damage of surface roughness due to tool wear and tool fracture. This paper deals with state monitoring using AE RMS in the micro-grooving. The change of AE RMS is very small with increment of cutting velocity and depth of cut. In spite of constance magnitude of principal force in machining using diamond tool of tool wear and tool fracture, AE RMS is highly fluctuated. Because changing of cutting state has relevance to surface roughness profile, surface toughness profile is expected using AE RMS.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1088-1094
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• 2006

In this paper, an auto path generation and an active compliance grinding control using 3-axis farce sensor are presented. These control algorithms enable the grinding robot to follow unknown path of various workpiece shape pattern. The robot is able to go grinding along unknown paths by position controller managing tangential direction angle and cutting speed, with only information about the start position and the end position. Magnitude and direction of normal force are calculated using force data that go through low pass filter. Moreover, normal and tangential directions are separated for force control and velocity control, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

Sea dyke construction is simply defined as a cutting procedure of sea water flow. Sea dyke construction is more difficult than in-land construction because it is placed on deep seabed and exposed sea wave attack. Especially, the final closure of sea dyke is most dangerous due to the fast velocity of tidal flow. The final closure is consisted with vast rubble and heavy stone gabion, therefore the discharge velocity at land side of final close section is irregularly and sometime occur the fast discharge velocity. In this paper, the seepage model test performed to evaluate seepage behavior of final closure and continuous sea dyke section such as discharge velocity, hydraulic gradient, and phreatic line with installation of bottom protection filter mat. Based on the seepage model test results, the maximum discharge velocity of final closure section is 1.7m/sec and the discharge velocity is decreased maximum 23.7% with installation of bottom protection filter mat.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.309-322
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• 2022

Due to the complex terrain around high-speed railways, the windbreaks were established along different landforms, resulting in irregular windbreak transition regions between different subgrade infrastructures (flat ground, cutting, embankment, etc). In this paper, the effect of a windbreak transition on the wind flow around railways subjected to crosswinds was studied. Wind tunnel testing was conducted to study the wind speed change around a windbreak transition on flat ground with a uniform wind speed inflow, and the collected data were used to validate a numerical simulation based on a detached eddy simulation method. The validated numerical method was then used to investigate the effect of the windbreak transition from the flat ground to cutting (the "cutting" is a railway subgrade type formed by digging down from the original ground) for three different wind incidence angles of 90°, 75°, and 105°. The deterioration mechanism of the flow fields and the reasons behind the occurrence of the peak wind velocities were explained in detail. The results showed that for the windbreak transition on flat ground, the impact was small. For the transition from the flat ground to the cutting, the influence was relatively large. The significant increase in the wind speeds was due to the right-angle structure of the windbreak transition, which resulted in sudden changes of the wind velocity as well as the direction. In addition, the height mismatch in the transition region worsened the protective effect of a typical windbreak.