• Applied Microscopy
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2009

본 연구는 우주비행 훈련 중인 남녀 예비우주인의 모발을 채취하여 모발의 형태적 변화를 전자현미경을 사용하여 관찰하였고 인장강도 특성을 인장강도기를 사용하여 분석하였다. 남성과 여성 두 예비우주인의 모발 표면은 매우 거칠고 불규칙한 모양을 하고 있었다. 예비우주인들의 모발표면에는 파괴된 큐티클세포의 잔유물이 지저분하게 붙어 있었고, 비늘이 분리되어 있었다. 그리고 큐티클층을 이루고 있는 큐티클세포의 세포질에는 많은 구멍을 형성하고 있었다. 모발 표면에서 큐티클세포의 부서짐은 이들 구멍들이 형성된 부위인 내큐티클이 파괴되면서 나타났다. 그리고 여성 예비우주인 모발의 인장강도는 14.60mm로서 건강모발과 비교하였을 때 약 10% 감소한 것으로 나타났다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1989

Ultrastructure of the excretory duct of the small ampullate gland in the orb web spider, Nephila clavata L. Koch are studied with light and electron microscopes. The small ampullate glands, located near the midline portion of the abdominal cavity, are connected with the spigots(large spinning tubes) on the middle spinnerets and composed of three parts which are the excretory duct, the storage sac and the convoluted tail. The excretory duct of this gland is enclosed by a thin layer of the outer connective tissues. By the morphology of the apical cuticles and internal textures of the epithelial cells, the duct is subdivided into two regions which are proximal duct region near the sac and distal duct region near the spinnerets. At the distal region of the ducts, the subcuticle which had the function of water removal form the progenetive silk material is well developed, whereas at the proximal region this cuticle disappeared and instead of these, endocuticle is developed. Moreover the epithelium of the distal duct region is composed of columnar epithelial cells, but at the proximal region the epithelium is changed to squamous or cuboidal forms. In the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells, rough endoplasmic reticula, Golgi comlexes and large secretory vesicles related to the production of the cuticular materials are well developed. And between the adjacent epithelial cells, specialized septate junction and desmosomes are formed along the plasma membrane.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.384-387
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• 2017

A dead male Jeju weasel with clinical signs of severe dehydration and moribund was submitted for the necropsy. Grossly, purple-red ecchymoses were scattered in the surface of the entire lungs. Milky-white mucoid materials occupied in the left bronchial lumens. Histopathologically, an adult worm with thick cuticle layer surrounded by chronic inflammatory cells was embedded in the left caudal lung lobe. Numerous oval or barrel-shaped parasitic eggs with muco-purulent exudates were observed in the dilated bronchus of another section of left caudal lobe. Operculate parasitic eggs showed typical morphologic characteristics such as barrel shape with asymmetry bipolar plugs and thick bi-layered wall. Based on the histopathologic findings and morphological characteristics of parasitic eggs in the pulmonary tissue section, this case was diagnosed as verminous pneumonia associated Eucoleus aerophilus infection in Jeju weasel.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.303-316
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• 1994

Microbial digestion of feed in the rumen involves a sequential attack culminating in the formation of fermentation products and microbial cells that can be utilized by the host animal. Most feeds are protected by a cuticular layer which is in effect a microbial barrier that must be penetrated or circumvented for digestion to proceed. Microorganisms gain access to digestible inner plant tissues through damage to the cuticle, or via natural cell openings (e.g., stomata) and commence digestion from within the feed particles. Primary colonizing bacteria adhere to specific substrates, divide to form sister cells and the resultant microcolonies release soluble substrates which attract additional microorganisms to the digestion site. These newly attracted microorganisms associate with primary colonizers to form complex multi-species consortia. Within the consortia, microorganisms combine their metabolic activities to produce the diversity of enzymes required to digest complex substrates (e.g., cellulose, starch, protein) which comprise plant tissues. Feed characteristics that inhibit the microbial processes of penetration, colonization and consortia formation can have a profound effect on the rate and extent of feed digestion in the rumen. Strategies such as feed processing or plant breeding which are aimed at manipulating feed digestion must be based on an understanding of these basic microbial processes and their concerted roles in feed digestion in the rumen.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2015

This study aims to propose a method to reduce hair damage after investigating the following: the factors which vary depending on hair treatment conditions; the degree of hair damage in the bleached sample; and an analysis of the effects of a perm on wave formation. To determine the effects of these treatment types, hair bleach was mixed with the hair treatment, and hair damage and formation of permanent waves were examined. Using a scanning electron microscope, in addition, morphological changes were analyzed and the following results were obtained: After mixing natural powder(2.5g) and hair cream(2.5g) and bleaching the mixture, it was compared to the scale structure of untreated hair. When 5g of natural powder was mixed and bleached, a clear layer was observed among cuticle scales, showing the effects of hair treatment. Therefore, this confirms that the effects of hair treatment were most notable when grain powder was mixed with hair cream. Once hair is damaged, it is almost impossible to regain its original state. When chemical agents are used, therefore, it is important to consider the possible hair damage they cause.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2014

Pear skin stains on 'Niitaka' pears, which occur from the growing stage to the cold storage stage, reportedly negatively influence the marketing of pears. These stains on fruit skin are likely due to a pathogenic fungus that resides on the skin and is characterized by dark stains; however, the mycelium of this fungus does not penetrate into the sarcocarp and is only present on the cuticle layer of fruit skin. A pathogenic fungus was isolated from the skin lesions of infected fruits, and its pathogenicity was subsequently tested. According to the pathogenicity test, Mycosphaerella sp. was strongly pathogenic, while Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp. showed modest pathogenicity. In this present study, we isolated the pathogenic fungus responsible for the symptoms of pears (i.e., dark brown-colored specks) and identified it as Mycosphaerella graminicola based on its morphological characteristics and the nucleotide sequence of the beta-tubulin gene. M. graminicola was pathogenic to the skin of 'Niitaka' pears, which are one of the most widely growing varieties of pears in South Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1989

인삼과실의 발달에 따른 과피의 구조적 변화를 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 인삼과피는 크게 외과피, 중과피 및 내과피로 구분되었으며 외과피는 큐티클로 덮혀있는 단층표피와 하표피층으로 구성되었다. 외과피와 중과피층은 세포질의 대부분을 액포가 차지하고 있었고 세포의 배열이 불규칙적이었으며 분화가 진행될수록 세포벽의 용해가 일어나는 등 세포의 퇴화현상이 관찰되었다. 내과피 세포는 이차세포벽의 비후와 목질화 현상으로 다른 층과 쉽게 구별이 되었으며 이는 기계적인 보강조직으로의 분화라고 사료된다. Golgi comples와 조면소포체에서 생성되는 분비물질들을 세포벽에 축적되는데 이는 내과피가 종피로 분화될 때 종피의 주요 구성물질을 이루는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.200-200
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• 2003

Intact mammalian hair and wool fibres are multi-compartmental composite materials consisting of a sulphur-rich outer protective cuticle layer surrounding elongated, highly keratinized, cortex cells. The cortex cells themselves are made up of crystalline, filamentous, low-sulphur a-helical keratin molecules embedded in a matrix of highly cross-linked, globular high-sulphur keratins. It is the structurally organised and highly disulphide cross-linked nature of these materials that provides them with their remarkable mechanical properties. However these mechanical properties are sensitive to environmental conditions such as water content, temperature and chemical treatment and the importance of their ultra-structural arrangements to overall mechanical properties in different environments is still not fully understood.(omitted)

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2000

두토막눈썹참갯지렁이의 피부계는 바깥쪽으로 부터 큐티클층, 상피층, 진피층으로 구성된다. 큐티클층은 외분비공을 가지며, 표면은 epicuticular projections로 덮여있다. 큐티클층과 상피층의 지지세포 사이에서는 반접착반이 관찰된다. 상피층에서는 지지세포와 선세포들이 관찰된다. 지지세포는 불규칙한 형태이며, 이들 세포의 핵은 뚜렷하고 크며, $1{\~}2$개의 인을 가진다. 세포질에서는 잘 발달된 당김세사와 다수의 미토콘드리아, 조면소포체, 유리리보좀 그리고 전자밀도가 아주 높은 소수의 색소과립들이 관찰된다. 선세포는 AB-PAS에 청색으로 반응하였으며, 투과전자현미경 관찰 결과 ${\alpha}, {\beta}, {\gamma}$의 세 종류로 구분할 수 있다. 첫 번째 종류인 ${\alpha} type$은 난형으로 뚜렷한 핵을 가지며, 세포질에서는 잘 발달된 당김세사와 막으로 싸인 직경 $0.8{\~}~l.5 {\mu}m$크기의 분비과립들이 세포질 한쪽에 밀집되어 있는 것을 관찰할 수 있다. 두 번째 종류인 ${\beta} type$은 세포의 형태가 불규칙하며, 커다란 공포를 가지며, 직경 $0.5{\~}~0.8 {\mu}m$크기의 분비과립들이 세포질 전체에 분포한다. 세 번째 종류인 ${\gamma} type$은 세포의 형태가 불규칙하며, 잘 발달된 소포체와 골지체 그리고 직경 $0.2{\~}~0.3 {\mu}m$ 크기의 분비과립을 가지며, 이들의 전자밀도는 선세포들의 분비과립 가운데 가장 높다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권spc1호
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• pp.145-165
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• 1996

Amaranth(Amaranthus spp. L.) and quinoa (Chenpodium quinoa Willd.) are old crops from South, Central America and Central Asia and their grains have been identified as very promising food crops because of their exceptional nutritive value. Squalene is an important ingredient in skin cosmetics and computer disc lubricants as well as bioactive materials such as inhibition of fungal and mammalian sterol biosynthesis, antitumor, anticancer, and immunomodulation. Amaranth has a component called squalene (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,22-tetraco-sahexaene) about 1/300 of the seed and $5\~8\%$ of its seed oil. Oil and squalene content in amaranth seed were different for the species investigated. Squalene content in seed oil also increased by $15.5\%$ due to puffing and from 6.96 to $8.01\%$ by refining and bleaching. Saponin concentrations in quinoa seed ranged 0.01 to $5.6\%$. Saponins are located in the outer layers of quinoa grain. These layers include the perianth, pericarp, a seed coat layer, and a cuticle like structure. Oleanane-type triterpenes saponins are of great interest because of their diverse pharmacological properties, for instance, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, contraceptive, and cholesterol-lowering effects. It is known that quinoa contains a number of structurally diverse saponins including the aglycones, oleanolic acid, hederagenin, and phytolaccagenic acid, which are new potential in gredient for pharmacological properties. It is likely that these saponin levels will be considerably affected by genetic, agronomic and environmental factors as well as by processing. With the current enhanced public interest in health and nutrition amaranth and quinoa will most likely remain in the immediate future within the realm of exotic health foods until such time as agricultural production meets the quantities and qualify required by industrial food manufacturers.