• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2005

Objectives: Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) redefined the criteria of prediabetes, which has lowered the diagnostic level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from 110 to 125 mg/dl, down to levels between 100 to 125mg/dl. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive cutoff level of FPG as a risk for the development of diabetes mellitus in Korean men. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 11,423 (64.5%) out of 17,696 males $\leq$30 years of age, and who met the FPG of $\leq$125 mg/dl and hemoglobin A1c of $\leq$ 6.4% criteria, without a history of diabetes, and who were enrolled at the screening center of a certain university hospital between January and December 1999. The subjects were followed from January 1999 to December 2002 (mean follow-up duration; 2.3(${\pm}0.7$) years). They were classified as normal (FPG <100mg/dl), high glucose (FPG $\geq$100mg/dl and <110mg/dl) and impaired fasting glucose (FPG $\geq$110mg/dl and $\leq$125mg/dl) on the basis of their fasting plasma glucose level measured in 1999. We compared the incidence of diabetes between the 3 groups by performing Cox proportional hazards model and used receiver operating characteristic analyses of the FPG level, in order to estimate the optimal cut-off values as predictors of incident diabetes. Results: At the baseline, most of the study subjects were in age in their 30s to 40s (mean age, 41.8(${\pm}7.1$) year). The incidence of diabetes mellitus in this study was 1.19 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI=0.68-1.79), which was much lower than the results of a community-based study that was 5.01 per 1,000 person-years. The relative risks of incident diabetes in the high glucose and impaired fasting glucose groups, compared with the normal glucose group, were 10.3 (95% CI=2.58-41.2) and 95.2 (95% CI= 29.3-309.1), respectively. After adjustment for age, body mass index, and log triglyceride, a FPG greater than 100mg/dl remained significant predictors of incident diabetes. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cutoff level of FPG as a predictor of incident diabetes was 97.5 mg/dl, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 81.0% and 86.0%, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that lowering the criteria of impaired fasting glucose is needed in Korean male adults. Future studies on community-based populations, including women, will be required to determine the optimal cutoff level of FPG as a predictor of incident diabetes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.684-688
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• 1996

전통식품인 된장으로부터 혈소판 응집 저해활성을 갖는 항혈전 펩타이드를 탐색하고자 하였다. 증류수로 추출한 된장액을 한외 여과하여 얻은 분자량 3,000 dalton 이하의 여액에 대하여, SD흰쥐의 세척혈소판 (washed platelet)을 이용하여 ADP 자극으로 유도되는 혈소판응집의 저해정도를 aggregometer에서의 탁도로 측정하였을 때, $96\;{\mu}g/ml$로 처리시 90% 가량의 응집 저해효과가 확인되었다. 추출물을 Dowex 50W X-2 강양이온 교환칼럼을 이용하여 pyridine-formic acid 완충액의 pH (2.8-5.0) 및 몰농도(0.1-3.0M)를 단계별로 증가시키면서 용출시켜 19개의 획분(No.B-18)으로 분리하였다. 이들 획분의 활성을 microplate를 이용한 방법으로 측정하였을 때, 전체적으로 앞의 방법보다는 감도가 낮게 나타났으나 모든 분획에서 응집억제 효과가 확인되었다. 이때 용량반응 곡선으로부터 구한 각 획분의 $IC_{50}$은 $10-1,000\;{\mu}g/ml)$의 범위를 보였으며, 대부분의 획분들은 양성대조구인 RGDS $(IC_{50},\;205\;{\mu}g/ml)$보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한, 후반부의 염기성 획분$(IC_{50},\;10-20\;{\mu}g/ml)$에서 된장추출물$(IC_{50},\;30\;{\mu}g/ml)$보다 활성이 높게 나타났다. 이들 중 활성이 가장 높은 16번 획분을 아미노산 분석한 결과, 펩타이드 부분에 histidine, arginine, alanine 등이 높은 비율로 존재하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of the current study was to determine the predictive value of anti-$M{\ddot{u}}llerian$ hormone (AMH) levels for pregnancy outcomes in patients over 40 years of age who underwent in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) cycles. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 188 women aged 40 to 44 years who underwent IVF/ICSI-fresh ET cycles due to unexplained infertility in the fertility center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center. Patients were divided into group A, with AMH levels <1.0 ng/mL (n=97), and group B, with AMH levels ${\geq}1.0ng/mL$ (n=91). We compared the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) in the two groups and performed logistic regression analysis to identify factors that had a significant effect on the CPR. Results: The CPR was significantly lower in group A than group B (7.2% vs. 24.2%, p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, AMH levels were the only factor that had a significant impact on the CPR (odds ratio, 1.510; 95% confidence interval, 1.172-1.947). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AMH levels as a predictor of the CPR was 0.721. When the cut-off level of AMH was set at 1.90 ng/ mL, the CPR was 6.731-fold higher in the group with AMH levels ${\geq}1.90ng/mL$ than in the group with AMH levels <1.90 ng/mL (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study showed that AMH levels were predictive of clinical pregnancy in infertility patients over 40 years of age. Further prospective studies should be conducted to validate the predictive capability of AMH levels for the outcome of clinical pregnancy.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.431-443
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• 2014

본 연구는 고수압 해저터널의 차수를 위한 동결공법 적용성 평가를 위해 국내 적용사례가 없는 동결공법의 해외 시공사례를 조사하였으며, 지반 동결공법에서 보편적으로 사용하는 냉매인 브라인(brine)과 액체질소($LN_2$)에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 고수압 조건의 해수는 순수한 물에 비하여 어는 점이 더 낮기 때문에 지상에서보다 동결시간이 더 길 수 있고 해저터널과 같이 폐쇄된 공간에서의 적용 시 냉매는 안정성을 확보할 수 있어야 하고 공기 단축이 가능해야 한다. 브라인은 재사용이 가능하고 독성이 적어 인체에 미치는 영향이 적으나, 동결에 상대적으로 장시간 필요하고 동결장비가 복잡한 특징을 가지고 있으며, 액체질소는 냉매의 재사용이 불가하며 기화 시 공기 중 질소농도 증가로 질식의 위험성이 있으나, 상대적으로 동결시간이 짧으며, 동결장비가 간단한 특징을 가지고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 향후 추가적인 연구가 필요한 해저터널 연결구 및 막장면 주변 지반에 대한 동결공법의 주요 설계요소를 도출하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7975-7979
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the value of IHC4 in predicting pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with hormonal receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective exploratory study, data for 68 HR-positive BC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recorded. IHC4 scores were calculated based on estrogen receptors/progesterone receptors, Ki-67 and HER2 status. Logistic and ordinal regression analyses in addition to likelihood ratio test were used to explore associations of IHC4 scores and other clinico-pathological parameters with pathological complete response (pCR) and pathological stage. Results: Taking the 25th percentile as the cut-off, a lower IHC4 score was associated with an increased probability of pCR (low; 52.9% vs. High; 21.6%, OR=4.1, 95% CI=1.28-13.16, p=0.018) and a lower pathological stage (OR=3.9, 95% CI=1.34-11.33, p=0.012). When the IHC4 score was treated as a continuous variable, a lower score was again associated with an increased probability of pCR (OR=1.010, 95% CI=1.001-1.018, p=0.025) and lower pathological stage (OR=1.009, 95% CI=1.002-1.017, P=0.008). Lower clinical stage was associated with a better pCR rate that was of borderline significance (P=0.056). When clinical stage and IHC4 score were incorporated together in a logistic model, the likelihood ratio test gave a P-value of 0.004 after removal of the IHC4 score and 0.011 after removal of the stage, indicating a more significant predictive value of the IHC4 score for pCR. Conclusions: This study suggests that the IHC4 score can predict pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HR-positive BC patients. This finding now needs to be validated in a larger cohort of patients.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 보행 가속도 신호를 측정할 수 있는 휴대용 무선 가속도 측정 시스템을 설계하고 편마비 환자로부터 획득된 데이터를 이용하여 보행 인자 계산과 보행의 규칙성 및 대칭성을 평가할 수 있는 보행 자동분석 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 휴대용 무선 가속도 측정 시스템은 2축 가속도계와 증폭기 및 16㎐ 저역 통과 필터로 구성된 아날로그 신호처리부(가속도 센서부)와 원칩 마이크로프로세서, EEPROM RF 송신부 및 수신부로 구성되어 있다. 보행 분석 알고리즘은 FFT 분석부, 필터 처리부 및 정점 검출부로 구성된다. 알고리즘 개발 및 평가를 위하여 8명의 편마비 환자가 실험군으로 또 다른 8명의 편마비 환자가 대조군으로 참여하였으며, 요추 3∼4번 위치에서 10m 동안의 보행 가속도 신호를 60㎐의 샘플링 주파수로 측정하였다. 보행자동분석 알고리즘에 의해 먼저 보행 구분점을 검출하고 좌우 발을 구분하였으며, 이 정보를 이용하여 보행 인자들을 계산하였다. 비디오 데이터와 보행 가속도 신호를 직접 관찰하여 얻은 정보와 비교하여 알고리즘의 성능을 평가한 결과 보행 구분점이 모두 정확히 검출되었으며 좌우 발 또한 모두 구분되었다. 향후 알고리즘의 신뢰성과 더 많은 보행 인자들을 계산할 수 있도록 성능을 향상시킴으로써 임상에서 편마비 환자의 재활치료 성과를 평가하는데 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 서로 다른 dose를 갖는 이중 노광 방법을 사용한 전자빔 묘화 방법을 이용하여 0.2 ㎛의 wide-head T-게이트를 갖는 PHEMT를 제작하였다. 0.2 ㎛의 게이트 길이와 1.3 ㎛의 게이트 머리의 크기를 갖는 wide-head T-게이트를 형성하기 위하여 PMMA/P(MMA-MAA)/PMMA의 3층 레지스트 구조를 사용하였다. 0.2 ㎛의 게이트 길이와 80 ㎛의 단위 게이트 폭 및 4개의 게이트 핑거를 갖는 PHEMT의 DC 특성으로 323 ㎃/㎜의 드레인 전류 밀도 및 232 mS/㎜의 최대 전달 컨덕턴스를 얻었다. 또한 동일한 소자의 RF 특성으로 40 ㎓에서 2.91 ㏈의 S/sub 21/ 이득과 11.42 ㏈의 MAG를 얻었으며, 전 이득 차단 주파수와 최대 공진 주파수는 각각 63 ㎓와 150 ㎓였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2006

프루텔고치벌(Cotesia plutellae)은 단독형 내부기생봉으로 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella)을 기주로 생활한다. 이 기생봉이 배추좀나방을 탐색하고 기주의 발육상태 및 다른 생리 상태를 인식하는데 촉각은 매우 중요한 감각기관으로 작용할 것으로 주목 받아왔다. 본 연구는 이 기생봉의 촉각 구조를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하고, 관찰된 감각기 종류와 밀도를 바탕으로 기생생리를 이해하고자 수행되었다. 촉각 전체 길이에서 암수간 차이가 없으며 모두 16개 편절마디를 가지고 있다. 감각기 구조는 크게 긴털형감각기, 센털형감각기 그리고 판상감각기로 나누어 밀도조사를 실시하였고, 대부분 감각기는 편절에 집중적으로 분포했다. 이 가운데 긴털형감각기가 암수 모두 약 87%를 차지하였다. 편절에서 긴틸형감각기와 판상감각기는 말단 부위에서 밀도가 감소하는 반면, 센털형감각기는 말단 부위로 갈수록 증가하여, 암컷의 경우 9번째 편절 마디 이후로 급격하게 밀도 증가를 보였다. 촉각 부위별 제거에 따른 기생에 미치는 효과를 분석한 결과 편절 후반부를 제거하면 기생능력을 완전히 상실하고, 말단 4개 편절 마디를 제거해도 불과 30% 이하의 낮은 기생율을 기록했다. 이상의 결과는 프루텔고치벌의 기생에 촉각의 중요성을 보여주었으며, 특히 센털형감각기가 기주 탐색에 밀접히 관여될 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.730-741
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• 2008

Objective : To examine the efficacy of CY, the improvement of atopy dermatitis(AD)-like lesions on the rostral back of the NC/Nga mice, which took CY orally and were treated with a chemical substance called DNFB, the inhibition of ear swelling, and the inhibition of inflammatory response of the ear tissue of the mice were observed and compared, and the inhibition of the serum IgE count and the IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ count produced by CD4+ T cells of the lymph node were observed and compared. Materials and Methods : For measurement of ear thicknesses, 0.15% DNFB $25{\mu}l$ mixed with acetone/olive oil(3:1) was applied to the right ear and dorsal skin of the NC/Nga mice 5 times at an interval of 7 days. Ear thickness was measured every day over a five-week period after the first application of DNFB. The total serum IgE count was measured with ELISA by taking blood samples 24 hours after the fifth application of DNFB. To measure the IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ count, the lymph node was cut off, and the CD4+ T cells were purified and stimulated to activate the T cells, and then the IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ count was measured with ELISA. Results : Continuous oral administration of CY improved the AD-like skin lesions on the rostral back and inhibited the ear swelling in NC/Nga mice treated with DNFB and inhibited the inflammatory response in the NC/Nga mice treated with DNFB NC/Nga mice. Continuous oral administration of CY did not significantly inhibit the serum IgE count and failed to significantly reduce the IL-4 count generated after TCR stimulation in the CD4+ T cells of the NC/Nga mice treated with DNFB. Continuous oral administration of CY significantly reduced the IFN-${\gamma}$ count generated after TCR stimulation in the CD4+ T cells of the NC/Nga mice treated with DNFB.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.377-381
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• 2005

We tried to extract bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) from the freeze-dried bovine cortical bone (FBCB) for bone graft, which were defatted with chloroform-methanol for 20 days, freeze-dried at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 7 days and sterilized by ethylene oxide gas. Two kg of FBCB were pulverized in a wheel mill to $0.5-2.0mm^3$ cubic in size. The bone particles were demineralized in 0.6N HCI for 10 days at chloroform-methanol$4^{\circ}C$ and defatted with chloroform-methanol for 6 hours at room temperature, which was going to be defatting and demineralized cortical bone (DDM). For extracting BMP, DDM was agitated continuously through 72 hours with magnetic stirrer at $4^{\circ}C$ into 12 times of volume of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) solution containing proteinase inhibitors to protect BMP such as 2mM N-ethylaleimide, 1mM iodoacetic acid, 1mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and a sterilizer, 1mM sodium azide. The extraction procedure was repeated for three times. All extracted solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 min and then, the supernatant was dialyzed with 12 times of volume of deionized water at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24-72 hours, which cut off below 6,000-8,000 molecular weight. The dialyzed specimen contained crude-BMP was centrifuged, freeze-dried, and weighted. Through these processing, we could obtained $84.9\%$ as FBCB, $17.8\%$ as DDM and $0.71\%$ as crude-BMP from the wet cortical bone without cancellous bone, marrow and muscles. The crude-BMP were obtained $68.3\%$ from the first extraction, $29.6\%$ from secondary and $2.1\%$ from tertiary, respectively. It was suggested that high yield of crude-BMP migth be explained by three-time repetition of the extraction processing for crude-BMP with Gdn-Hcl sol.