• 기본간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2006

Purpose: To investigate the influence of clinical and demographical variables on depression, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease. Method: Using a structured questionnaire data were collected from 100 participants registered in the neurology department of C university hospital. Duration and stage of disease, fall history, vision impairment, duration and quality of sleep, orthostatic hypotension, ambulation impairment, and use of walking aid were included in clinical variables. Depression, IADL, and cognitive function were assessed using Kee's GDSSF-K, Cho's scale, and K-MMSE. Collected data were analyzed using the SAS program. Results: The depression score for the participants was 7.78, higher than cut-off score(5). Participants who were male, living with spouse, above high school education, high economic status, with no vision impairment, and no ambulation impairment revealed high cognitive scores. Average IADL score were significantly higher for participants who were male, who had high economic status, low stage of disease, and no ambulation impairment. Depression IADL & cognitive function scores were significantly different according to ambulation impairment. Scores for ADL and cognitive function were positively correlated. Conclusion: It is recommended that make programs for patients with Parkinson's disease, clinical and demographic variables should be considered according to their individual needs.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.574-583
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• 2005

To investigate the importance and practice of well-being related dietary life pattern such as purchasing food materials, food habits and eating out, a survey was conducted by questionnaire and 5-point Likert score in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do, September, 2004 and April, 2005. The responses of 732 housewives who were over 40 years were analyzed by SPSS package program. The results were as follows. Most of them were 40-49 years(74.4%), graduated highschool (66.6%) and their family type was nuclear family type(81.4%). Almost half of them had full-time job (37.1%) and part time job (15.4%). The average importance score of 'food habits', 'purchasing food materials' and 'eating out' were $4.15{\pm}0.91,\;4.06{\pm}0.96\;and\;3.25{\pm}1.01$ respectively. But the average practice score of 'food habits' was greater($3.58{\pm}1.06$) than 'purchasing food materials ($3.19{\pm}1.19$)' and 'eating out($2.54{\pm}1.05$)'. Among 5 types of 'food habits', the type of 'cut down on eating fast food' had the greatest score of importances ($4.31{\pm}0.97$) but the difference between importance and practice was greatest(0.94). Also 'consume home-made food rather than processed or ready to food' showed great scores in importance ($4.28{\pm}0.87$) and practice($3.87{\pm}1.04$). 'Consume fruits and vegetables rather than meats' and 'avoid heavy use of oils' had the importance score of $4.04{\sim}4.19$. But the practice score of 'avoid heavy use of oils' was the lowest($3.39{\pm}0.97$). Among four types of purchasing of food materials, 'purchase domestic agricultural food' was greatest($4.37{\pm}0.78$) and 'don't purchase genetically modified food' 'purchase organic food' and 'purchase whole grain products' were also great ($3.92{\sim}3.99$). But the practice score of 'purchase organic/low chemical foods($2.77{\pm}0.98$)' and 'don't purchase genetically modified food($2.99{\pm}1.41$)' were lowest. 'Go to well being restaurant' in three types of 'eating out' showed greatest in importance($3.35{\pm}0.96$) but the practice score($2.47{\pm}0.10$) was lower than the importance score. Also 'choose menu with comparing calories' had the lower score in practice($2.45{\pm}1.06$) rather than importance score($3.22{\pm}1.03$). In regarding to 'food habits', the importance score were significantly affected by type of food expense (p<0.05) and health status (p<0.05). The importance score of 'purchase food materials' were significantly affected by the type of food expense (p<0.001), type of residence(p<0.05), and self assessment of weight(p<0.05). Monthly income, especially more 400 million won, was the commonly significant effector in practice score of 'purchase food materials' and 'eating out'.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.387-392
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• 2017

영 유아는 사건, 사고 및 교통사고 또는 질병으로 인해 머리에 골절 및 혈관파열, 피부에 상처를 받아 병원에 내원하여 영상의학과에서 머리 검사인 전 후(Skull AP) 및 측면(Skull LAT) 촬영을 받게 된다. 머리검사에서 성인 머리(Skull) 촬영은 격자를 이용하여 촬영에 적용하면 방사선 2차선을 제거하여 영상의 대조도를 높인다. 그러나 방사선 노출조건 중 관전압을 8~10 kVp 높게 주어야 하며 환자피폭이 증가한다. 본 연구는 영 유아 머리촬영시 격자(grid)를 이용하지 않고 동등한 영상을 얻을 수 있다면 피폭선량 감소 및 Grid Cut off에 의한 아티팩트를 방지할 수 있어 연구해 보았다. 연구자는 방사선계측기 이용 방사선선량을 측정 하고 의료영상평가 방법 중에서 주관적 평가(ROC,receiver operationg characteristic)을 해 보았다. 결과에서 격자를 이용하지 않고 촬영하면 환자 피폭선량 감소와 영상 평가에서도 영 유아의 머리 촬영시 격자를 이용하지 않고 촬영을 하게 되면 머리 전 후촬영에서 0.019 mGy 와 측면촬영 0.02 mGy 피폭선량 감소가 있었고 영상평가에서도 4점을 높게 받았다. 결론으로 병원에 내원한 영 유아 머리촬영은 격자를 이용하지 않고 촬영하면 피폭 선량 감소 및 영상 아티팩트인 Grid Cut off을 방지 할 수 있고 엑스선관 수명이 연장되리라 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2004

격막 및 무격막 방식의 전해수 처리에 의한 샐러리 및 생굴의 세정처리에 따른 살균 및 저장성 효과를 조사하였다. 샐러리를 대상으로 세정처리에 따른 저장중의 품질변화를 살펴본 결과, 총균수는 전해수 처리구에서 무처리구에 비하여 약 1/200∼1/1,000 수준, 대장균군수는 약 1/100 수준으로 감소하였다. 그리고 수분함량, pH, 경도, 비타민 C 및 잔류염소 함량 등의 변화는 저장 10일째까지 처리구에 관계없이 거의 유사한 경향을 보이거나 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 색도는 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 L값과 a값은 서서히 증가함을 보여 주었으며, 색차($\Delta$E)값은 저장 5일 경과 후부터는 처리구에 관계없이 6 수준으로 초기치와의 차이를 식별할 수 있는 정도로 나타났다. 종합적 기호도는 전해수 처리구는 저장 후 5일째까지는 수도수 및 염소계 세정제로 처리한 샐러리에 비해 다소 양호한 것으로 나타났으나 저장 5일째 이후는 수도수 및 염소계 세정제로 처리한 샐러리와 유사하거나 다소 떨어지는 기호도를 나타내었다. 무격막 시스템으로 제조한 약알칼리성 전해수로 처리한 생굴은 해수로 처리한 시료에 비해 보관 48시간 후 VBN은 약 3 mg%, 총균수는 약 1∼2 log cycle, 대장균은 2 log cycle 정도 낮은 값을 나타내었고 또한, 처리직후 총균수도 해수로 처리한 생굴에 비해 1 log cycle 정도 낮은 초기 수준을 보이며 보관 24∼48시간까지는 뚜렷한 증가를 나타내지 않았다.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1085-1091
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• 2018

Study Design: Case-control. Purpose: To determine optimal cut-off value for body mass index (BMI) in predicting surgical success in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Overview of Literature: BMI is an essential variable in the assessment of patients with LSCS. Methods: We conducted a prospective study with obese and non-obese LSCS surgical patients and analyzed data on age, sex, duration of symptoms, walking distance, morphologic grade of stenosis, BMI, postoperative complications, and functional disability. Obesity was defined as BMI of ${\geq}30kg/m^2$. Patients completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire before surgery and 2 years after surgery. Surgical success was defined as ${\geq}30%$ improvement from the baseline ODI score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the optimal cut-off values of BMI to predict surgical success. In addition, correlation was assessed between BMI and stenosis grade based on morphology as defined by Schizas and colleague in total, 189 patients were eligible to enter the study. Results: Mean age of patients was $61.5{\pm}9.6years$. Mean follow-up was $36{\pm}12months$. Most patients (88.4%) were classified with grades C (severe stenosis) and D (extreme stenosis). Post-surgical success was 85.7% at the 2-year follow-up. A weak correlation was observed between morphologic grade of stenosis and BMI. Rates of postoperative complications were similar between patients who were obese and those who were non-obese. Both cohorts had similar degree of improvement in the ODI at the 2-year followup. However, patients who were non-obese presented significantly higher surgical success than those who were obese. In ROC curve analysis, a cut-off value of ${\leq}29.1kg/m^2$ for BMI in patients with LSCS was suggestive of surgical success, with 81.1% sensitivity and 82.2% specificity (area under the curve, 0.857; 95% confidence interval, 0.788-0.927). Conclusion: This study showed that the BMI can be considered a parameter for predicting surgical success in patients with LSCS and can be useful in clinical practice.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Many buying and selling companies have participated in B2B electronic commerce in order to boost sales and cut down purchase prices respectively. There are some studies on buying and selling companies performances of using B2B e-marketplaces which provide electronic B2B transaction services such as finding transaction partners, providing on-line transaction process like auctioneering, etc. This study investigates the critical failure factors against B2B e-marketplace in other words B2B market-maker or B2B intermediary. We proposed 4 hypotheses asserting that 4 critical failure factors make reverse effects on B2B intermediary performances. We adopt the Balanced Score Card (BSC) framework to evaluate B2B intermediary performance. Data were collected from 46 respondents of B2B intermediaries in Korea. Analyses showed that traditional off-line B2B practices like refunding to buyer or transactions without legal documents and low quality of product information and catalog are critical failure factors against B2B intermediary performance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2941-2946
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• 2016

Background: The limitations of total serum PSA values remain problematic, especially after an initial negative prostate biopsy. In this prospective study of Chilean men with a continued suspicion of prostate cancer due to a persistently elevated total serum PSA, abnormal digital rectal examination and initial negative prostate biopsy were compared with the use of the on-line Chun nomagram, detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) and free percent PSA to predict a positive second prostate biopsy. We hypothesized that men negative for circulating prostate cells have a small risk of clinically significant prostate cancer and thus may be conservatively observed. Men positive for circulating prostate cells should undergo biopsy to confirm prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Consecutive men with a continued suspicion of prostate cancer underwent 12 core TRUS prostate biopsy; age, total serum PSA and percentage free PSA and Chun nomagram scores were registered. Immediately before biopsy an 8ml blood simple was taken to detect primary mCPCs. Mononuclear cells were obtained by differential gel centrifugation and identified using double immunostaining with anti-PSA and anti-P504S. Biopsies were classifed as cancer/no-cancer, mCPC detecton test as negative/positive and the total number of cells/8ml registered. Areas under the curve (AUC) for percentage free PSA, Chun score and CPCs were calculated and compared. Diagnostic yields were calculated with reference to the number of possible biopsies that could be avoided and the number of clinically significant cancers that would be missed. Results: A total of 164 men underwent a second biopsy; 41 (25%) had cancer; the AUCs were 0.65 for free PSA, 0.76 for the Chun score and 0.87 for CPC detection, the last having a significantly superior prediction value (p=0.01). Using cut off values of free PSA <10%, Chun score >50% and ${\geq}1$ CPC detected, CPC detection had a higher diagnostic yield. Some 4/41 cancers complied with the criteria for active surveillance, free PSA and the Chun score missed a higher number of significant cancers when compared with CPC detection. Conclusions: Primary CPC detection outperformed the use of free PSA and the Chun nomagram in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer at repeat prostate biopsy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2021

Objective : Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been widely used during spine surgery to reduce or prevent neurologic deficits, however, its application to the surgical management for cervical myelopathy remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the success rate of IONM in patients with cervical myelopathy and to investigate the factors associated with successful baseline monitoring and the effect of increasing the stimulation intensity by focusing on motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Methods : The data of 88 patients who underwent surgery for cervical myelopathy with IONM between January 2016 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The success rate of baseline MEP monitoring at the initial stimulation of 400 V was investigated. In unmonitorable cases, the stimulation intensity was increased to 999 V, and the success rate final MEP monitoring was reinvestigated. In addition, factors related to the success rate of baseline MEP monitoring were investigated using independent t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact probability test for statistical analysis. The factors included age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, symptom duration, Torg-Pavlov ratio, space available for the cord (SAC), cord compression ratio (CCR), intramedullary increased signal intensity (SI) on magnetic resonance imaging, SI length, SI ratio, the Medical Research Council (MRC) grade, the preoperative modified Nurick grade and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. Results : The overall success rate for reliable MEP response was 52.3% after increasing the stimulation intensity. No complications were observed to be associated with increased intensity. The factors related to the success rate of final MEP monitoring were found to be SAC (p<0.001), CCR (p<0.001), MRC grade (p<0.001), preoperative modified Nurick grade (p<0.001), and JOA score (p<0.001). The cut-off score for successful MEP monitoring was 5.67 mm for SAC, 47.33% for the CCR, 3 points for MRC grade, 2 points for the modified Nurick grade, and 12 points for the JOA score. Conclusion : Increasing the stimulation intensity could significantly improve the success rate of baseline MEP monitoring for unmonitorable cases at the initial stimulation in cervical myelopathy. In particular, the SAC, CCR, MRC grade, preoperative Nurick grade and JOA score may be considered as the more important related factors associated with the success rate of MEP monitoring. Therefore, the degree of preoperative neurological functional deficits and the presence of spinal cord compression on imaging could be used as new detailed criteria for the application of IONM in patients with cervical myelopathy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.859-868
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the value of initial CT quantitative analysis of ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, and total lesion volume and its relationship with clinical features for assessing the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: A total of 84 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed from January 23, 2020 to February 19, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: severe group (n = 23) and non-severe group (n = 61). Clinical symptoms, laboratory data, and CT findings on admission were analyzed. CT quantitative parameters, including GGO, consolidation, total lesion score, percentage GGO, and percentage consolidation (both relative to total lesion volume) were calculated. Relationships between the CT findings and laboratory data were estimated. Finally, a discrimination model was established to assess the severity of COVID-19. Results: Patients in the severe group had higher baseline neutrophil percentage, increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and procalcitonin levels, and lower baseline lymphocyte count and lymphocyte percentage (p < 0.001). The severe group also had higher GGO score (p < 0.001), consolidation score (p < 0.001), total lesion score (p < 0.001), and percentage consolidation (p = 0.002), but had a lower percentage GGO (p = 0.008). These CT quantitative parameters were significantly correlated with laboratory inflammatory marker levels, including neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, hs-CRP level, and procalcitonin level (p < 0.05). The total lesion score demonstrated the best performance when the data cut-off was 8.2%. Furthermore, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 93.8% (confidence interval [CI]: 86.8-100%), 91.3% (CI: 69.6-100%), and 91.8% (CI: 23.0-98.4%), respectively. Conclusion: CT quantitative parameters showed strong correlations with laboratory inflammatory markers, suggesting that CT quantitative analysis might be an effective and important method for assessing the severity of COVID-19, and may provide additional guidance for planning clinical treatment strategies.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.842-848
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• 2012

본 연구는 사육기간과 등심의 근내지방도에 따른 이화학적 특성 및 전단력을 측정하여 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였으며, 각 처리구별 한우 5두씩 선별하여 pH, 육색도, 일반성분, 저장 및 가열감량, 보수력 및 전단력을 이원배치에 방법으로 통계분석을 실시하였다. 한우 등심의 pH는 사육기간과 근내지방도에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), 우둔의 경우 27개월령이 30개월령에 비하여 높았다(p<0.05). 사육기간에 따라 일반성분 함량에 차이를 보였으며, 등심의 근내지방도가 높을수록 수분을 감소하였고 단백질과 지방의 함량은 증가하였다(p<0.05). 육색도는 등심의 경우 근내지방도가 높을수록 명도와 적색도 및 황색도가 높아져(p<0.05), 27과 30개월령이 33개월령에 비하여 낮았다(p<0.05). 우둔의 경우는 등심의 근내지방도에 따른 차이가 없었으나, 적색도와 황색도의 경우 27개월령이 30 또는 33개월령에 비하여 높았다(p<0.05). 한편 사육기간에 따라 보수력에 영향을 주어 27개월령이 30 또는 33개월령에 비하여 가열감량(%)이나 저장 중 진공감량이 낮아서 사육개월이 낮을수록 수분보유력이 좋은 경향을 보였다. 우둔의 전단력은 사육기간에 따라 차이를 보여 사육기간이 짧을수록 우둔의 전단력이 낮게 나타나 육질이 부드러웠고(p<0.05), 근내지방도가 높을수록 등심의 전단력은 낮았으나(p<0.05) 우둔에는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 각 부위(등심, 우둔)에 따라서 서로 다른 경향을 보이고 있어서, 사육개월에 따라서 등심 및 우둔의 pH, 육색, 일반성분, 수분보유력 및 전단력에 영향을 주었으며, 근내지방도에 따라서는 등심의 경우 일반성분, 보수력 및 전단력에 영향을 주었으나 우둔의 경우는 아무런 영향을 주지 않았다.