• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2004

Acute aquatic toxicity of effluents discharged from five dyeing plants in Gyeong-gi province were evaluated to assess whether the current Korean water quality standards(KWQS) could protect aquatic life. Chemical analyses of all parameters regulated under KWQS, except for E-coli, were also carried out to determine regulation compliance of the samples. All the effluent samples were satisfied with KWQS except for the color in only one sample. In acute Daphnia magna toxicity tests, significant mortality was observed in one of five samples and EC50 was 12.1%(95% confidence interval 9.1-16.2), which was in compliance with KWQS. The result of the Microtox assay indicated that acute microbial toxicity existed in effluents from three out of five plants, two of which were in compliance with KWQS. The agreement between regulation compliance of chemical concentrations of effluent and observed toxicity from various biological toxicity tests was very poor to fair (kappa = 0.194~0.250). The data presented suggest that exposure to dyeing wastewater which were in compliance with Korean water quality standards may not be safe to aquatic biota, and multiple tropical levels should be considered in aquatic toxicity monitoring of dyeing industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.83-96
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze the design of current nurse uniforms, investigate the state of nurse uniforms, and uniform design preferences in order to ultimately develop functional nurse uniform, which satisfy their needs. First, observing photos of nurses' campaign on wearing a badge showed that opening of top uniform almost always incorporated buttons, and sleeves were mostly set-in half sleeves while collars tended to be mandarin collars. The colors were mostly white for both top and bottom, while the top showed a bit more variety in colors. White tops often incorporated hospital logos on them. Second, in terms of the nurse uniform distribution, each nurse is given one top and one bottom per year. In addition, either a cardigan or a jacket on top of the regular summer uniform constitutes the winter uniform, whereas the availability of cardigans differed by hospitals. Third, the main source of contamination of uniforms was blood, and the level of satisfaction was all low in terms of the design, function, and material of the uniform, calling for the enhancement and development of new uniforms. Design preferences were two-piece with pants, color preferences were blue and pink, and pattern preferences were hospital logo, stripes, and check patterns in the listed order of preference. Complaints were usually made on the contamination of front pocket of the top, lack of sufficient pockets for storage, and tightness of the sleeves. Some preferences on finishing were the princess seams, mandarin collar, set-in half sleeves, and button closing on top. The preferred belt was a mixed form of straight-lined belt and rubber belt, and straight lined hem and spandex blended fabrics were favored for the clothing.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

This paper proposes a shot change detection algorithm by using frame segmentation and the object changes among moving blocks. In order to detect the rapid moving changes of objects between two consecutive frames, the moving blocks on the diagonal are defined, and their histograms are calculated. When a block of the current frame is compared to the moving blocks of the next frame, the block histograms are used and the threshold of a shot change detection is automatically adjusted by Otsu's threshold method. The proposed algorithm was tested for the various types of color or gray videos such as films, dramas, animations, and video tapes in National Archives of Korea. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm could enhance the detection rate when compared to the studied methods that use brightness, histogram, or segmentation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2017

Generally, stereo matching methods are used to estimate depth information based on color and spatial similarity. However, most depth estimation methods suffer from the occlusion region because occlusion regions cause inaccurate depth information. Moreover, they do not consider the temporal dimension when estimating the disparity. In this paper, we propose a temporal stereo matching method, considering occlusion and disregarding inaccurate temporal depth information. First, we apply a global stereo matching algorithm to estimate the depth information, we segment the image to occlusion and non-occlusion regions. After occlusion detection, we fill the occluded region with a reasonable disparity value that are obtained from neighboring pixels of the current pixel. Then, we apply a temporal disparity estimation method using the reliable information. Experimental results show that our method detects more accurate occlusion regions, compared to a conventional method. The proposed method increases the temporal consistency of estimated disparity maps and outperforms per-frame methods in noisy images.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.36
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• pp.49-59
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• 1995

The vehicle navigation system is developed for helping driver to retrieve driving information more easily and fastly. Navigation System informs driver many pieces of driving information - roadway structure and system, on-line traffic condition, the position of vehicle, route guidance, destination and other information service. As the style of information is diverse and the amount of information is large, driver may have mental and visual overload. The display of information can disturb the driver's attention and this can cause accidents. This state is caused by the defect of human-machine interactions. When the navigation system is designed, human factors - cognitive, judgment, operating - must be considered. The display style must be designed simply and easily, not to be obstacle of human -machine interface. In this study, outside-in view display style and inside-out view display style are compared each other. Two factors are measured. One is cognitive factor-time of cognition on information that is displayed by screen display, cognition error rate. The other is image of screen display - subject's feeling about several styles of display, degree of subject's preference. The prototype of roadway is four kinds - Cross, T-cross, Y-cross and O-cross. Roadway display for test is taken from paper maps. Traffic condition display style, vehicle position display style and route guidance display style are taken from current display style. Traffic condition display style is symbol. Vehicle position display style and route guidance display style are described as color and symbol. The test on screen display is implemented doing given tasks. Then the test is analyzed statistically, The result of test analysis gives the guideline to the designer for the map display of the vehicle navigation system.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

정지궤도에서는 세계 최초의 해양관측위성으로 개발된 정지궤도 해양위성(GOCI, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)은 통신해양기상위성(COMS, Communication, Ocean and Meterological Satellite)의 탑재체로서 2009년말 발사 예정이다. 정지궤도 해양위성의 복사보정은 센서의 전기적 특성에 의한 잡음을 제거하기 위한 암흑전류 교정(Dark Current Correction)을 먼저 수행한 다음, 주운영지상국인 해양위성센터(KOSC, Korea Ocean Satellite Center)에서 수신된 위성의 원시자료의 Digital Number(DN)를 실제 해양원격탐사에서 이용하는 물리량인 복사휘도(Radiance, $W/m^2/{\mu}m/sr$)로 변환하는 복사보정을 수행한다. 정확도 높은 복사보정을 수행하기 위해서는 기준광원의 복사휘도와 센서의 물리적 특성을 정확하게 알아야 한다. 정지궤도 해양위성 궤도상 복사보정(on-orbit radiometric calibration)에서는 태양이 기준광원이기 때문에, 기준 태양복사모델(Thuillier 2004 Solar Irradiance Model)에서 지구-태양간 거리 변화(1년 주기)를 보정한 태양의 방사도 (Irradiance)를 이용하고, 태양입사각에 대한 태양광 확산기의 감쇄 특성 변화를 고려하여 센서에 입력되는 복사휘도를 계산한다. 센서의 물리적 특성으로 인한 복사보정의 오차를 줄이기 위해 우주방사선 및 우주먼지(space debris)로 인해 위성 운용기간 중 그 특성이 저하되는 태양광 확산기(solar Diffuser)의 특성변화를 모니터링하기 위한 DAMD(Diffuser Aging Monitoring Device)를 이용한다. 정지궤도 해양위성 주관운영기관인 한국해양연구원의 해양위성센터에서는 정지궤도 해양위성 복사보정을 수행하기 위한 S/W를 통신해양기상위성 자료처리시스템 개발사업의 일환으로 개발하였으며, 관련 성능 시험을 수행하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2020

This research was to understand the current situation and trends of urban design using rapidly growing solar cells at home and abroad, and to understand the positive aspects and implications of urban design proposals using CIGS thin film solar cells, a research project to be conducted based on case analysis. The research method was conducted through a literature study and the case was investigated and analyzed after identifying the present situation and trends of urban design using solar cells from home and abroad. As a result, it was confirmed that urban design using solar cells was steadily increasing, and through visual changes such as harmony with the surrounding environment, indoor and outdoor visualization, and the use of color, urban aesthetic beauty creation was positive. Based on these implications, we will present the expected effects of CIGS thin film solar cells being utilized in urban design, and confirm the direction and significance of the urban design proposal using CIGS thin film solar cells in the future.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 1991

A simple and sensitive method was developed for the quantification of free and conjugated bile acids in bezoar without prior hydrolysis. $3{\alpha}-Hydroxy$ bile acids are first oxidized to 3-keto bile acids in the reaction catalyzed by $3{\alpha}-hydroxysteroid$ $dehydrogenase(3{\alpha}-HSD)$. During this oxidative reaction, an equimolar quantity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD) is reduced to NADH and subsequently oxidized to NAD with concomitant reduction of nitrotetrazolium blue(NTB) to diformazan by the catalytic action of diaphorase. The diformazan has an absorbance maximum at 540 nm. The intensity of the color produced is directly proportional to bile acids concentration in the bezoar extracts. The optimum conditions for the enzymatic reaction such as effects of reaction time, reaction temperature and pH, and stability were investigated. Calibration plots for the sodium chelate observed to be linear and intra-, inter-assay analytical recovery of bile acids averaged $97.65{\pm}3.4%(S.D.)$. Therefore, it is considered that the quality control of total bile acids from bezoar or bezoar-containing liquid preparation using this simple and sensitive assay system will be acceptable. Also current bezoars and bezoar-containing liauid preparations were examined their total bile acids from this method.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.467-479
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• 2009

The high-tech computer technology developments have greatly affected the area of design education. Starting from the mid 80s, innovations in visual presentation methods have heightened with 2D computer graphic programs, CAD & 3D modeling, and Rapid Prototype that allows dimensional generation. The specialty and quality in design studio education have advanced due to the development in presentation methods such as Power Point and Keynote. But there are many problems with the current method of presenting the visual outcome in a data format using beam projectors, which is a vertical presenting method compared to the old studio study method of conducting discussions and reviews based on the substantial outcome. The essence of studio study that allows for comparisons and analysis by horizontally opening up the various work outcomes is being offset. Also the requirement for manual idea sketching work that plays an important role in the initial design phase continuing to decrease due to the digital working process dependence and cumbersome procedures in the presentation. In order to resolve this problem, the CALM system (Class Applied LCD Modular System) has been developed that replaces the method of attaching the sketches or renderings on the wall with a digital multi-display system. In a nutshell, individuals will upload the outcomes online and display them on the CALM system studio that is composed of 32 LCD (Columns: 4 $\times$ Rows: 8) monitors that are 19 inches in size so that various personnel can openly study the design outcomes. Also the central 42 inch PDP monitor that offers touch pad capability allows each design outcome to be described and examined by expanding. The concept phase of this development process has elevated to the production of an operating prototype that is being reviewed of its practicality. It is considered that the development of this system will decrease the extreme tendency of depending on digital operation but achieve revitalization of a more realistic and opened studio study environment compared to the individual consulting method of the old study approach.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

This study examines attributes and expression characteristics of 'Mix & Match' which is one of the major current trends in interior designs. The concept and background of 'Mix & Match' was ascertained through research of previous documents and studies, and its attributes were explored. In order to examine the expression characteristics to see how they are expressed in actual interior designs, case analyses were carried out centering on the expression elements such as material, light & lighting, color, furniture and objects which were regarded as important in previous studies and related articles so far. The case analyses were carried out for works where the concept of 'Mix & Match' was prominent in designs produced in 2007 and 2008, chosen from the main reports of the representative interior design journals, 'Interiors' and 'INTERNI & Decor'. As a result, it has been found that 'Mix & Match' is not limited to one attribute but the temporal, spatial and genre attributes are present all at the same time, or various expression elements exist in one attribute. This is a distinct character commonly shown in most of the cases and each expression element is expressed in variety according to spatial concept, from a simple parallel to substitution, transfer and modification (simplification, transformation of the scale, rate modification etc.) Therefore, in creating the space for 'Mix & Match' or in interpretation of it, the understanding of these expression characteristics would make it possible for clearer and more various applications of design, and furthermore will be meaningful for supply and accumulation of reference in design communication.