• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of strength training on knee joint torque during walking in an adolescent with trisomy-21 Down syndrome. One adolescent with Down syndrome and one normal child participated in this study. Strength training consisted of eight exercises: squat, hamstring curl, hip adduction, hip abduction, knee extension, toe raise, sit-ups, and hyperextension of the waist. The participant with Down syndrome was participated in strength training for 12 weeks, three times a week, three sets, 10-15 RM; resistance was adjusted according to the principle of progressive overload. To measure the effect of strength training, isokinetic strength variables and knee joint torques were measured before training and after 12 weeks of training. The participant with Down syndrome had some abnormalities in controlling knee motion during walking due to muscle hypotonia, ligament laxity, and weakness of muscles. Post-training isokinetic strength increased compared to pre-training measurements. Knee range of motion were increased after strength training. Strength training did not affect ad/adduction and in/exteranl moments but did have an effect on flexor/extensor moment and timing.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.171-180
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• 2008

This study was conducted to analyze the curling behavior of concrete slabs on grade under temperature loading through the laboratory tests and to investigate the effects of the support conditions of underlying layers on the curling behavior of the slab on grade systems. For the laboratory tests, the concrete slabs were fabricated and the temperature measurement sensors were installed. The temperature loading was applied intentionally and the time histories of the vertical displacements of the slab at several different positions were measured. One-layered underlying layers were made using different materials and different thicknesses. Two-layered underlying layers were also made to have the same composite stiffness each other, but the material of the upper layer was designed to be different The experimental analysis results showed that the trend of the displacement time histories of the slab was basically the same as that of the temperature gradient time histories. The characteristics of the curling behavior of the slab were analyzed by separating the regions of curling up and curling down. The difference in the vertical displacements at the center and comer decreased as the stiffness of the underlying layer became larger, and the upper layer's material of the underlying layers affected the curling behavior of the slab.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 2008

This paper presents the differences in the analysis results according to the underlying layer modeling methods when analyzing the curling behaviors of the concrete slabs on grade under environmental loads. The models of the slab on grade system considered in this study included a three-dimensional(3D) model, a model composed of 3D slab and springs for underlying layers, and a model composed of 2D slab and springs for underlying layers. First, when the underlying layer consisted of one layer, the curling behaviors according to the different models were compared. Then, the underlying layers that consisted of two different materials and thicknesses were considered. The results of this study showed that the tensionless spring model for the underlying layer gave very accurate results when the underlying layer consisted of one layer. However, when the underlying layers consisted of two layers, the spring model for the underlying layers could overestimate the displacements and underestimate the maximum stress with a large elastic modulus of upper underlying layer, a small elastic modulus of under underlying layer, and thick underlying layers.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 1991

Some sections of concrete highway pavements have been viewed with great concern by highway officials and engineers due to the severe cracking and failure problems. This is mainly due to the traffic loads in addition to temperature variations between top and bottom of concrete slab, which cause the concrete slab to curl up and down depending on the thermal gradient, respectively. Subsequently, a major consideration was given to the derivation of stiffness matrix and equivalent nodal loads due to the uniform gravity load, temperature and shrinkage of concrete. And the structural behavior of concrete highway pavement due to the temperature variations throughout the nations has been emphasized.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2012

Generally, hair treatments by complementary actions to give a sense of activity are permanent setting, dyeing, and bleaching, etc. In this study, we investigated the wave formation ability and hair damage occuring in permanent setting and bleaching process. The wave formation ability was evaluated by the differences of length and curl diameter after permanent setting. And the hair damage was also evaluated by the protein release ability and SEM of hair. The bleached hair immediately after permanent setting treatment has better wave formation ability, but much more damaged than the bleached hair after rinsing thoroughly with warm water. It was considered that the chain of hair keratin broke down easily by the bleaching action in the existence of permanent setting agents.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.249-252
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• 2001

The paper represents the design and fabrication of an electrostatic micro actuator with $p^+$,/TEX> Si cantilevers. The micro actuator consists of a plate suspended by four $p^+$,/TEX> silicon cantilevers and an electrode on a glass substrate. The $p^+$,/TEX> Si structure is fabricated by the boron diffusion process and the anisotropic wet etch process. The cantilevers of the micro actuator curl down because of the residual stress gradient in $p^+$,/TEX> silicon. When the electrostatic forec is applied to the $p^+$,/TEX> cantilevers, the vertical displacement of the plate can be achieved. The deflection of the cantilever due to the residual stress gradient and the vertical displacement by electrostatic force were calculated. The displacement of the plate was measured with a laser displacement meter for various input voltages and frequencies. The feasibility of the proposed micro actuator for the applications to optical pickup devices or optical communication devices was confirmed by the experiments.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of strength training on the change of ground reaction force for the children with trisomy 21 Down syndrome. The subjects of this study were consisted of eight elementary school students with Down syndrome who participated in the strength training. The strength training was administered by six items such as squat, leg curl, leg extension, toe raise, sit-ups, and hyperextension. For strengthening muscle, each group also was treated by walking for 8 weeks, three times a week, 10-15RM, 3sets, which was based on the principle of progressive overload. For inquiring the effect of strength training, the ground reaction force variables were measured in two phases : before-training and 8 week-after training. The gait of each subject was acquisition using 2 AMTI force platforms set at 100 frequency. The results of this study were as follows: The pattern of vertical, antero-posterior and medio-lateral forces, trajectory of net COP and the timing ratio of reaching the each events were shown variously. So, it is not easy to explain these variables clearly. As the result of strength training, these variables were changed. However, the results of within subjects differ greatly, there was no difference statistically.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.932-935
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was the effect of complex training of obese men in their 30s on inflammatory markers and homocysteine, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The subjects consisted of obese men (n=12) with the body fat ratio of 25% or above in their mid 30s who had no medical conditions and can follow the exercise routine required by this study. To achieve the purpose of this study measured the maximum oxygen intake (VO_2max) and 1RM of 5 kinds of machine(bench press, lat pull down, arm curl, leg press, squat) as a preliminary test; based on the results, performed 8 weeks complex training (aerobic exercise + weight training); and then analyzed the variation in body composition (body weight, body fat and BMI), blood inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α and CRP), and homocysteine between before and after training. The results exhibited that 8 weeks complex training reduced weight, body fat and BMI significantly (p<0.01) and also reduced inflammatory marker CRP and homocysteine, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, significantly (p<0.05). In conclusion, 8 weeks complex training confirmed the variation in body composition, and this variation has a positive effect on the inflammatory marker and the risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1081-1092
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• 2021

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of the 16-week combined exercise on the blood dopamine concentrations, functional fitness and QOL in patients with parkinson's disease. To this end, 24 persons parkinson's disease in over 60 years old who participated in this study were classified in to the exercise group(n=12) and control group(n=12), and then the exercise group was twice a week for 16-weeks, 70 min per session combined exercise was applied. The test dada were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-test, and independent t-test. The alpha level of .05 of significance. As a result, first, parkinson's disease who regularly participated in the combined exercise significantly increased blood dopamine concentrations(p<.001). Second, parkinson's disease who regularly participated in the combined exercise significantly improved grip strength(p<.001), arm curl(p<.001), stand up and sit down a chair(p<.001), 3m walk and come back(p<.01). Third, parkinson's disease who regularly participated in the combined exercise significantly improved QOL(p<.001). Thus, the combined exercise had the positive effects and may be helpful to increased the blood dopamine concentration and improved functional fitness and QOL.