• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.751-755
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• 2005

We propose a sound source localization method using the Head-Related-Transfer-Function (HRTF) to be implemented in a robot platform. In conventional localization methods, the location of a sound source is estimated from the time delays of wave fronts arriving in each microphone standing in an array formation in free-field. In case of a human head this corresponds to Interaural-Time-Delay (ITD) which is simply the time delay of incoming sound waves between the two ears. Although ITD is an excellent sound cue in stimulating a lateral perception on the horizontal plane, confusion is often raised when tracking the sound location from ITD alone because each sound source and its mirror image about the interaural axis share the same ITD. On the other hand, HRTFs associated with a dummy head microphone system or a robot platform with several microphones contain not only the information regarding proper time delays but also phase and magnitude distortions due to diffraction and scattering by the shading object such as the head and body of the platform. As a result, a set of HRTFs for any given platform provides a substantial amount of information as to the whereabouts of the source once proper analysis can be performed. In this study, we introduce new phase and magnitude criteria to be satisfied by a set of output signals from the microphones in order to find the sound source location in accordance with the HRTF database empirically obtained in an anechoic chamber with the given platform. The suggested method is verified through an experiment in a household environment and compared against the conventional method in performance.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 1995

주왕산국립공원의 이용객 행태조사는 1994년 8월 3일부터 5일까지 자체개발한 설문지를 가지고 현장에서 실시하여 총 346명의 이용객이 참여하였다. 이용객 경제적 특성은 남자가 65%로 과반수 이상을 차지했으며, 교육정도는 대졸 이상이 63%로 교육수준이 높았다. 연령별로는 20대가 48%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 주왕산국립공원의 탐방경험에서는 97%가 주왕산 이외의 국립공원을 방문한 경험을 가지고 있으며, 방문동기는 자연경관을 감상하는 목적이 가장 높았으며, 동반자 특성은 50%의 응답자는 가족과 함께, 그리고 36%는 친구와 함께 방문하였다. 응답자의 51%는 한나절 이용객이었으며, 응답자의 18%는 도시락을 준비하였었다. 일반적으로 방문객들은 국립공원의 환경문제에 관심이 많았으며, 대부분의 응답자들은 주왕산국립공원의 환경상태가 양호한 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 쓰레기를 불법투기하는 6가지의 이유 중에서 무의식중에 버린다는 경우가 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 환경이 버려져 있으므로 버린다는 환경탓에 의한 경우였다 대부분의 방문객은 남이 하는 환경훼손행위 에 대해 직접 나서서 시정하는 ‘끼어들기 행태’를 좋아하지 않았다. 가상적인 딜레마에서 공원의 규칙을 지키려는 의도가 강하면, 반대로 규칙을 어겨도 된다는 의도는 약한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 능동형 센서와 연결된 카메라에서 얻어진 깊이 정보와 칼라 영상으로부터 컴퓨터형성 홀로그램을 제작하는 방법을 제안하였다. CGH 생성을 위해 컴퓨터그래픽 모델을 사용하는 기존의 홀로그래픽 디스플레이 시스템과는 달리, 카메라로 획득되는 각 물체의 칼라 정보 뿐 아니라 깊이 정보를 포함하는 카메라의 실사 영상을 사용하였다. 이 과정은 실사 물체로부터 깊이가 포함된 영상정보를 획득하는 단계와 깊이 정보로부터 추출된 3D 정보를 이용하여 CGH를 생성하는 두 가지 단계로 구성되어 있다. 또한, 홀로그래픽 디스플레이 시스템을 구성하여 제작된 CGH를 디스플레이 하였다. 실험 시스템에서는 1408X1050의 해상도와 10.4um의 픽셀 크기를 갖는 반사형 LCD 패널을 사용하여 CGH로부터 영상을 재생하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2017

Background: Light touch cue is a sensory input that could potentially help in the control of posture. The immediate stimulatory effect of light touch cues using a cane during gait is associated with postural stability. This strategy can help post-stroke individuals regain their ability to perform the sit-to-stand (STS) transfer safely. Objects: The effects of light grip on postural control during the STS transfer in post-stroke subjects were investigated. Methods: Eleven participants (6 men, 5 women) with hemiplegia due to stroke were recruited in the study. The subjects with hemiparesis performed STS transfer in three randomly assigned conditions (1) without a cane (2) light grip with a cane (3) strong grip with a cane. Results: The difference in weight-bearing distribution between the left and right feet, when the subjects were instructed to stand up, was $52.73{\pm}2.13%$ without a cane, $42.75{\pm}3.26%$ with a strong grip, and $43.00{\pm}2.55%$ with a light grip (p<.05). The rate of rise in force indicates the peak power provided by subjects during their STS transfers. The rate of rise in force was statistically significantly lower without a cane than that with a light grip or a strong grip (p<.05). The subjects' centers of pressure sway on the mediolateral side during STS transfers statistically significantly declined with a light grip or a strong grip when compared to those without a cane (p<.05). Conclusion: When the subjects with hemiparesis used a cane during STS transfers, their duration, center of pressure sway, and difference in weight-bearing distribution were all reduced. The subjects also exhibited similar results during STS transfers with a cane gripped lightly. This result may provide guidelines for the use of assistive devices when patients with hemiparesis practice STS transfers in clinical settings.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Purpose Through the provision of real time performance information about who is contributing and who is not in Electronic Brainstorming, prior studies evidenced a significant performance gain. However, it has been observed that the quantity-based performance feedback alone does not have enough restrictiveness to guide the performance behavior throughout the idea generation session. We included the notion of goal setting into the process performance feedback mechanism in an effort to regulate performance behavior and to better understand why individuals in Electronic Brainstorming are not obtaining enough stimulation benefits in the group interaction process. Design/methodology/approach We had developed real-time visual process performance feedback and modified to include goal setting. This mechanism visually displays individuals' performances two-dimensionally (quality for each idea vertically and quantity of ideas horizontally along with their goals). As individuals' contributions accumulate, the mechanism reveals performance histories by connecting the sequence of ideas in a time-series format, telling stories of individuals' performances. Then, we compared the performance outcome from this study with the outcomes from two prior studies (i.e., Jung et al., 2010 and Jung, 2014). Findings The results showed that the inclusion of goal setting into the process performance feedback solved the issue in the previous study. That was the lower than expected magnitude of performance enhancement of process performance feedback when compared to that of quantity-based feedback. It appears that goals as a motivational technique provide standards for systematic self-evaluation, serving as a cue to regulate performance behavior by strengthening the linkage between effort and performance. Thus, goals seem to set up a self-fulfilling prophecy, preconditioning better performance. However, the outcome still showed that its performance magnitude is unsatisfactory because the outcome of this study turned out to be close to the outcome of just quantity-based performance feedback in Jung et al.'s (2010) study.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.51-52
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• 2018

과실파리류는 국내 60종의 검역 해충 가운데 42종을 차지하고 있다. 이들 대부분은 자연계 산물인 methyl eugenol (ME) 또는 raspberry ketone에 특이적으로 유인된다. 이들 유인물질을 파라핀 왁스를 이용하여 제형화하였고, 이를 대만에서 야외 유인 효과를 검증하였다. 이들 왁스제형은 모두 델타트랩에 설치하고 8월 말경에 모니터링 한 결과 ME 왁스 제형은 오리엔탈과실파리(Bactrocera dorsalis)를 매일 60-80 마리 포획하였다. 반면에 Cuelure 왁스제형은 오이과실파리(Bactrocera cucurbitae)와 B. tau를 유인하였다. 이러한 결과는 본 왁스제형이 이들 검역 해충에 대한 국내 모니터링에 응용될 수 있다는 것을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of auditory cues in the form of a metronome on gait initiation (GI) in Parkinson's disease (PD). 2 patients (mean age: 54 yrs) with idiopathic PD participated in the study. All patients (Hoehn and Yahr disability score of 2.0) were tested in the "on" state approximately 1.5 hours following the administration and fully responding to their PD medications. Subjects first initiated walking at self-initiated speeds to determine their cadences. Then, subjects were asked to initiate gait along the walkway while keeping pace with a metronome. The metronome rate (in beats/min) was set at a cadence 85% (slow condition), 100% (normal condition) and 115% (fast condition) of gait for each subject. Subjects were able to increase the speed of GI with faster cadence, but the speed of GI for the slow condition was similar to that of the normal condition. Swing toe-off was 578.3 ms for the fast condition, 709.4 ms for the normal condition and 736.2 ms for the slow condition. Respective times for swing heel-strike were 894.3 ms, 1110.2 ms and 1119.1 ms, and stance toe-off were 1105.4 ms, 1338.5 ms, and 1343.1 ms. Except for stance unloading ground reaction forces were greatest for the fast condition and smallest for the slow condition. It appears that PD patients were able to modulate GRFs and temporal events in response to auditory cues to achieve the peak acceleration force of the swing and stance limb. The findings from this study provided preliminary data, which could be used to investigate how PD patients modulate GRFs and temporal events during GI in response to tasks.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

Objectives : Autobiographical memory (ABM) is a special type of episodic memory, containing events that have occurred in a personal life. Overgeneral tendency of ABM refers to the retrieval of memory with only general and categorical descriptions rather than specific events. ABM specificity in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder is a robust finding with relation to cognitive vulnerability, affect regulation, problem-solving ability. It is also implicated in bipolar disorder with frequent relapses. In this study, we investigated whether ABM specificity was related to manic or euthymic mood states in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods : Forty bipolar patients with manic and euthymic episodes and 25 healthy controls participated in this study. Prompted by 5 positively and 5 negatively valenced emotional cue words, each participant was instructed to recall positive or negative memories and describe them in detail. The One-way ANOVA was used to compare ABM scores and post-hoc analyses were done. Results : Comapred to the healthy persons, the bipolar patients reported significantly more general than specific negative memories in both manic and euthymic episodes (p = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference between manic and euthymic patients (p = 0.074). Conclusions : These results suggest that overgeneral tendency of negative ABM may be a trait abnormality in bipolar disorder. Moreover, this phenomenon might be related to underlying cognitive deficits or affect regulation irrespective of the mood state.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1991

시험불안은 여러 가지 이론에 의하여 설명될 수 있으나, 대표적인 가설로는 욕구이론적 접근, 특성-상태불안적 접근, 인지론적 접근 인지 및 감정적 ${\cdot}$ 접근, 역동적 접근등이 대표적인 가설들이라 하겠다. 시험불안은 한 개인에 있어서도 항상 일정한 상태에 있는 것은 아니며, 연령에 따라서 변화되는 특징이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 시험불안이 과제수행의 성취도에 미치는 영향에 대하여는 심한 불안으로 인한 인지적인 기능의 장애가 가장 중요한 요인인 듯하다. 본고에서는 이러한 시험불안의 과거의 이론들에 대한 종합을 하고 향후의 연구의 방향에 대한 제시를 하였다.

• 감성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 가상환경하에서 사용자가 느끼는 물체의 무게감에 관해 연구하며, 3D mouse에 스프링의 탄성력을 이용한 근력입력장치를 새롭게 디자인한다. 근력입력장치는 몰입형 가상환경에서 사용자들의 악력을 이용하여 힘이나 무게를 느낄 수 있도록 고안된 장비이다. 본 논문에서는 물체의 부피와 무게감에 관한 실험, 물체의 재질과 무게감에 관한 실험, 근력입력장치의 악력과 무게감에 관한 실험 등 세 가지 실험을 수행하여 비교·분석한다. 실험결과의 통계적 분석 및 사용자 설문지 분석을 통해서 얻은 결론은 몰입형 가상환경하에서 부피와 재질은 사용자들에게 현실감 있는 무게감을 느끼는 데 중요한 역할을 하지 못하지만, 근력입력장치의 악력을 사용할 경우 현실감을 증대시키며 무게감을 느끼는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 근력입력장치는 무게감을 제공하는 데 효과적이다.