• Applied Microscopy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 1979

The ultrastructural changes of embryo and endosperm cells were observed during the green fruit with embryo about $250{\mu}$ long to germination. 1. In the embryo cells of green fruit with embryo about $250{\mu}$ long, mitochondrial cristae and plastid are undifferentiated and dictyosome are occasionally observed. There are electron-opaque globoids in the vacuole and a lot of spherosomes in the outer layer of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Endosperm is filled with spherosomes and electron-opaque protein bodies surrounded by spherosomes, and due to these, other organelle are not observed. 2. In the embryo cells of seeds with red seed coat, mitochondrial cristae are well developed, electron-opaque globoids increased, and vacuoles are enlarged. In the endosperm, however, spherosomes increased, protein bodies are enlarged, and electron-opaque globoidal crystals are dispersed within them. 3. In the procambium and epicotyl cells of dehiscent seed, Golgi vacuoles and vesicles are well developed, and mitochondrial cristae are also well differentiated. Spherosomes are numerously present and radicle cells, peripheral cells of hypocotyl, and vacuoles of cotyledon are well differentiated. Endosperm is filled with spherosomes containing electron-opaque granules and protein bodies are surrounded by a single membrane. There are acid phosphatase around globoids and spherosomes. 4. At the time of seeding, spherosomes markedly increased in the outer layer of cotyledon and protein bodies are also observed. Cell organelles are differentiated and plastids containing starch are also present. 5. In the outer $2{\sim}3$ layers of cotyledons, radicle cells, and peripheral cells of hypocotyl during post-seeding to germination, spherosomes and plastids with starch increased, and mitochondria and microbodies are also found around the nucleus of embryo cells. With approaching, the germination stage, in the endosperm contacting with embryo, vacuoles are well differentiated but spherosomes decreased. There increased electron-opaque materials within vacuoles. In other endosperm, with the decrease of spherosome, mitochondria increased and electro n-opaque globular bodies are formed and gradually increased. The outer layer of protein bodies are reduced while electron-transparent portions are enlarged and fused together to occupy the outer layer where small particles are formed. 6. In the endosperm of germination stage, spherosomes decreased while protein bodies, are fused together to form 2 or 3 within a cell.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2020

PET(Positron Emission Tomography) devices are used as PET/CT or PET/MRI devices fused with the devices of CT or MRI for obtaining anatomical information. Therefore, the devices are constructed in circular ring-type structure whose length of gantry(the main part of filming) becomes wider and the interior depth becomes longer in comparison to other common medical equipments. scintillator, one of the components in PET devices, is inside the gantry, and as it is consisted of crystal which is sensitive to the change of temperature and humidity, large temperature change can cause the scintillator to be damaged. Though scintillator located inside the gantry maintains temperature and humidity with a thermo-hygrostat, changes in temperature and humidity are expected due to structural reasons. The output value was measured by dividing the inside of the gantry of the PET/CT device into six zones, each of which an Adafruit BME 280 temperature and humidity sensor was placed at. A thermo-hygrostat keeps the temperature and humidity constant in the PET/CT room. As the measured value of temperature and humidity of the sensor was obtained, the measured value of temperature and humidity appeared in the thermohygrostat was taken at the same time. Comparing the average measured values of temperature and humidity measured at each six zones with the average values of the thermo-hygrostat results in a difference of 2.71℃ in temperature and 21.5% in humidity. The measured temperature and humidity of PET Gantry is out of domestic quality control range. According to the results of the study, if there is continuous change in temperature and humidity in the future, the aging of the scintillator mounted in the PET Gantry is expected to be aging, so it is necessary to find a way to properly maintain the temperature and humidity inside the Gantry structure.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.352-356
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to introduce the toxicological study review to evaluate the safety of PDMS on the 69th JECFA meeting. Polydimethylsiloxane is a polymer and its ADI was established at 23rd JECFA meeting in 1979. The ADI was maintained although the specification was expanded at its 26th, 29 th, 37 th meetings. Recently, it was reported that PDMS with low molecular weight and viscosity has high absorption rate and different toxicity, so it was submitted at 69th meeting. Toxicological studies of PDMS were submitted from the sponsor and additional information is collected from a document searching. The toxicological studies were reviewed in accordance with the 'Guidelines for the preparation of toxicological working papers for the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives'. In the available acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity studies on PDMS, dose-related increases in incidence and severity of ocular lesions(corneal crystal, inflammation of the corneal epithelium etc.) were consistently observed after oral dosing. It seems to be a local irritant effect, but the mechanism by which the ocular lesions arose is unclear, although the lack of absorption of PDMS indicates that it is unlikely to be a direct systemic effect. Consequently, the relevance of the ocular lesions for food use of PDMS could not be determined. The ADI of PDMS was re-established from 0-1.5 mg/kg bw/day to 0-0.8 mg/kg bw/day by applying additional safety factor 2 based on its ocular toxicity. The result of 0-0.8 mg/kg bw/day is a temporary ADI until further data are provided to 2010.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.293-307
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• 1975

As it has been known recently that anisakis type larvae harbouring in marine fishes are a causal agent of zoonosis to human and probably to land living mammal animals, attention was focused on the study on the larvae in an aspect of epidemiology or epizootiology. The present work was conducted from 1966 to 1975 for i) survey on the harbouring status of anisakis type larvae in marine fishes of this country, ii) observation on the response to the experimental infestation of the larvae to the pigs, in the reason that they could well fetid raw fish viscera occasionally containing the larvae as a high protein source of swine food, and iii) observation on the larval resistance and response to vermicidal agents for the purpose of prevention of the larval infection to the mammal animals. The data obtained in the studies were summarized as follows: 1. In the survey on the status of larvae harbouring in main species of marine fishes of this country, 15 species, a total of 1,940 fishes, were observed and the result was summarized in table 2. Average number of larvae, in upper rank of 5 out of all 15 species of fishes, were as highest as 156 larvae ranging 74 to 450 in Pseudosciaena manchurica (chamjogi), 54.5 ranging 15 to 240 in Trichiurus haumela (kalchi), 35.6 ranging 8 to 112 in Trachurus japonica (junggengi), 30.6 ranging 4 to 65 in Parapristipama trilineatum (benjari) and 20.5 ranging 3 to 48 in Nibea argentata (boguchi) respectively. In morphological observation, size of the larvae in the fishes were varied, ranging from 2 to 32mm long, and a tendency to larger size and number of larvae in the fishes, which were wider sea migration, higher age and lager bodily size, was observed The favorite places harbouring the larvae in fishes were mainly around the intraperitoneal viscera such as mesentery, omentum, liver, pyloric suspensory, fat tissue and cloaca, and rarely in body muscles of fish. Fishes heartily infested with the larvae showed stunted growth decreased egg formation and severe damage of liver. 2. In the experimental infestation of the larvae to normal pigs, as illustrated in table 3, a group with large dose of larvae (a total of 1,800 larvae, 300 larvae Per dose, twice in a dart for 3 days) showed acute clinical syndrome terminatine death with a week course, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae (a total of 180~360 larvae, 10 larvae per dose, at 5 days interval for 70~180 days) showed subclinical syndrome with remarkably stunted growth as. much as approximately one half of body size in contest to the control pigs. In the pathological findings, a group with large dose of larvae showed macroscopically larvae penetrating to the gastric wall with severe gastroenteritis, and histopathologically various acute lesions caused by active larvae penetration into the wall of stomach and interstine, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae showed chronic lesions such as hypertrophy and verminous granulomatous swelling of gastric wall, suggesting strongly the possibility of natural infestation of larvae to swine. 3. In the resistance of the larvae to the chemical solutions, the larvae tolerated for 2 days in 15 percent solution of sodium chloride and acetic acid, and for 7 days in 70 percent solution of ethyl alcohol. In the resistance to the temperature, the larvae died within 1 second at $62^{\circ}C$ and tolerated for 24 hours at $-3^{\circ}C$, 12 hours $-5^{\circ}C$ respectively. 4. For the experiment on the vermicidal effect to larvae, general vermicidal drugs such as Neguvon, Combantrin, antimony Potassium, piperazine adipate and piperazine dihydrochloride, oxidizer such as potassium permanganate and potassium chlorate, and dyes such as gentian violet and crystal violet were used, and among them, as illustrated in table 6, potassium permanganate was proved as the best. In the successive test for the practical use of potassium permanganate, vermicidal effect in seawater solution of potassium permanganate and common-water solution of potassium permanganate were compared, and then retested by dipping the fish viscera including the larvae into the two different solutions of potassium permanganate. The result through these tests indicated that 0.01 percent common water and sea-water solution of potassium permanganate could be apparently recommended as a preventive vermicidal solution, having 90 to 100 percent vermicidal effect by dipping for 12 to 24 hours even though sea-water solution of potassium permanganate had a tendency to slightly less effect than the common-water solution of potassium permanganate (Table 8).

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.134-135
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• 2011

양자점은 전자와 양공을 3차원으로 속박 시키므로 기존의 bulk나 양자우물보다 양자점을 이용한 레이저 다이오드의 경우 낮은 문턱 전류, 높은 미분이득 및 온도 안전성의 장점이 있을 거라 기대되고 있다. 그러나, 양자점은 낮은 areal coverage 때문에 높은 속박효율을 얻지 못하고 있다. 이러한 양자점의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 양자점을 양자우물 안에 성장시켜 운반자들의 포획을 향상시키는 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 양자우물 안에 양자점을 넣으면 양자우물이 운반자들의 포획을 증가 시키고, 열적 방출도 억제하여 온도 안정성이 향상 되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 광통신 대역의 1.3 ${\mu}m$ 경우, GaAs계를 이용하여 InAs 양자점을 strained InGaAs 박막을 우물층으로 한 dot-in-a-well 구조의 연구는 몇몇 보고된 바 있다. 그러나 InP계를 사용하는 1.55 ${\mu}m$ 대역에서 dot-in-a-well구조의 연구는 아직 미미하다. 본 연구에서는 유기 금속 화학 증착법(metal organic chemical vapor deposition)을 이용하여 InP 기판 위에 InAs 양자점을 자발성장법으로 성장하였으며 dot-in-a-well 구조에서 우물층으로 1.35 ${\mu}m$ 파장의 $In_{0.69}Ga_{0.31}As_{0.67}P_{0.33}$ (1.35Q)를, 장벽층으로는 1.1 ${\mu}m$ 파장의 $In_{0.85}Ga_{0.15}As_{0.32}P_{0.68}$(1.1Q)를 사용하였다. 양자우물층과 장벽층은 모두 InP 기판과 격자가 일치하는 조건으로 성장하였다. III족 원료로는 trimethylindium (TMI)와 trimethylgalium (TMGa)을 사용하였으며 V족 원료 가스로는 $PH_3$ 100%, $AsH_3$ 100%를, carrier gas로는 $H_2$를 사용하였다. InP buffer층의 성장 온도는 640$^{\circ}C$이며 양자점 성장 온도는 520$^{\circ}C$이다. 양자점 형성은 원자력간 현미경(Atomic force microscopy)를 이용하여 확인하였으며, 박막의 결정성은 쌍결정 회절분석(Double crystal x-ray deffractometry)를 이용하여 확인하였다. 확인된 성장 조건을 이용하여 양자점 시료를 성장하였으며 광여기분광법(Photoluminescence)을 이용하여 광특성을 분석하였다. Fig. 1은 dot in a barrier 와 dot-in-a-well 시료의 성장구조이다. Fig. 1(a)는 일반적인 dot-in-a-barrier 구조로 InP buffer층을 성장하고 1.1Q를 100 nm 성장한 후 양자점을 성장하였다. 그 후 1.1Q 100 nm와 InP 100 nm로 capping하였다. Fig. 1(b)는 dot-in-a-well 구조로 InP buffer층을 성장하고 1.1Q를 100 nm 성장 후 1.35Q 우물층을 4 nm 성장하였다. 그 위에 InAs 양자점을 성장하였다. 그 후에 1.35Q 우물층을 4 nm 성장하고 1.1Q 100 nm와 InP 100 nm로 capping하였다. Fig. 2는 dot-in-a-barrier 시료와 dot-in-a-well 시료의 상온 PL data이다. Dot-in-a-barrier 시료의 PL 파장은 1544 nm이며 반치폭은 79.70 meV이다. Dot-in-a-well 시료의 파장은 1546 nm이며 반치폭은 70.80 meV이다. 두 시료의 PL 파장 변화는 없으며, 반치폭은 dot-in-a-well 시료가 8.9 meV 감소하였다. Dot-in-a-well 시료의 PL peak 강도는 57% 증가하였으며 적분강도(integration intensity)는 45%가 증가하였다. PL 데이터에서 높은 에너지의 반치폭 변화는 없으며 낮은 에너지의 반치폭은 8 meV 감소하였다. 적분강도 증가에서 dot-in-a-well 구조가 dot-in-a-barrier 구조보다 전자-양공의 재결합이 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있으며, 반치폭 변화로부터 특히 높은 에너지를 갖는 작은 양자점에서의 재결합이 증가 된 것을 알 수 있다. 이는 양자우물이 장벽보다 전자-양공의 구속력을 증가시키기 때문에 양자점에 전자와 양공의 공급을 증가시키기 때문이다. 따라서 낮은 에너지를 가지는 양자점을 모두 채우고 높은 에너지를 가지는 양자점까지 채우게 되므로, 높은 에너지를 가지는 양자점에서의 전자-양공 재결합이 증가되었기 때문이다. 뿐만 아니라 파장 변화 없이 PL peak 강도와 적분강도가 증가하고 낮은 에너지 쪽의 반치폭이 감소한 것으로부터 에너지가 낮은 양자점보다는 에너지가 높은 양자점에서의 전자-양공 재결합율이 급증하였음을 알 수 있다. 우리는 이와 같은 연구에서 InP계를 이용해 1.55 ${\mu}m$에서도 dot in a well구조를 성장 하여 더 좋은 특성을 낼 수 있으며 앞으로 많은 연구가 필요할 것이라 생각한다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2010

The slag excavated from Gyesil-ri in Gongju, Yeonje-ri in Cheongwon and Beopcheonsaji (temple) site in Wonju are analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer, metallurgical microscope, SEM-EDS etc., for chemical composition and microstructure to figure out the raw material and the iron manufacturing technique. First of all, as a result of principal component analysis, the total Fe-content of slag from Gyesil-ri is 39 to 44% and the modified rate is 15 to 21%, which is common in ancient iron slag. Yeonje-ri site is found the ancient iron-smelting furnace. The total Fe-content of slag from Yeonje-ri is 41 to 43% and modified rate is 18~30%, which is also the general value in the ancient slag. However only slag is excavated in the residential area at Beopcheonsaji site and there is no iron making relic. In addition, the result of principal component analysis contains that the total Fe-content of Beopcheonsaji site is 52 to 57%, and modified rate is 8 to 14%. It shows that the total Fe-content of Beopcheonsaji site is higher than relic from Gyesil-ri and Yeonje-ri and the modified rate is lower than other sites. This results mean that recollecting rate of Fe in Beopcheonsaji site is lower than other sites. Also, as a result of minor elements analysis, the slag from Gyesil-ri has the higher level of Ti, V and Zr than other sites and the microstructure are observed as magnetite and ulvospinel, so that the raw material of slag is iron sand. But the slag from Yeonje-ri and Beopcheonsaji site are identified to use iron ore. As a result of microstructure observation, fayalite, gray-columnar crystal, is found in the slag from Yeonje-ri and big wustite as main phase is observed in the slag from Beopcheonsaji site. This study show that the slag from Yeonje-ri is made of smelt ash produced during smelting works and the slag from Beopcheonsaji site is made of forging ash produced during forging work concerning the excavated location and the microstructure.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.399-410
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• 1985

Bentonites from the Janggi Group of the Lower Miocene age from the Geumgwangdong area, Korea, have been studied for mineralogical and genetic characterization. The Janggi Group is subdivided, in ascending order, into the Janggi Conglomerate, the Nuldaeri Tuff, the Geumgwangdong Shale, the Lower Coal-bearing Formation, the Basaltic Tuff, and the Upper Coalbearing Formation. Bentonites occur as thin or thick beds in all sedimentary units of the Janggi Group, except for the Janggi Conglomerate. Significant bentonite deposits are found in the Nuldaeri Tuff, the Lower Coal-bearing Formation and the Basaltic Tuff. Bentonites consist mainly of smectite (mainly montmorillonite), with minor quartz, cristobalite, opal-CT and feldspar. Occasionally, kaolinite, clinoptilolite or gypsum is associated with bentonites. Bentonites were studied by the methods of petrographic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (DT A and TG), infrared absorption spectroscopic analysis, SEM, intercalation reaction, and chemical analysis. Smectites commonly occur as irregular boxwork-like masses with characteristic curled thin edges, but occasionally as smoothly curved to nearly flat thin flakes. Most of smectites have layer charge of 0.25-0.42, indicating typical montmorillonite. Crystal-chemical relations suggest that Fe is the dominant substituent for Al in the octahedral layer and there are generally no significant substituents for Si in the tetrahedral layer. Ca is the dominant interlayer cation in montmorillonite. Therefore, montmorillonite from the study area is dioctahedral Ca-montmorillonite. Occurrence and fabrics of bentonites suggest that smectites as well as cristobalite, opal-CT and zeolites have been formed diagenetically from tuffaceous materials. The precursor of smectites is trachytic or basaltic tuff. Smectites derived from the former contain relatively more $Al_2O$ a and less $Fe_2O_3$ than those from the latter.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.477-483
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• 2008

$La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_{3-{\delta}$ oxide was synthesized by a citrate method and a typical dense membrane of perovskite oxide has been prepared using as-prepared powder by pressing and sintering at $1300^{\circ}C$. Precursor of $La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_{3-{\delta}$ prepared by citrate method was investigated by TGA and XRD. Metal-citrate complex in precursor was decomposed into perovskite oxide in the temperature range of $260{\sim}410^{\circ}C$ but XRD results showed $SrCO_3$ existed as impurity at less than $900^{\circ}C$. Electrical conductivity of membrane increased with increasing temperature but then decreased over $700^{\circ}C$ in air atmosphere ($Po_2=0.2atm$) and $600^{\circ}C$ in He atmosphere ($Po_2=0.01atm$) respectively due to oxygen loss from the crystal lattice. The oxygen permeation flux increased with increasing temperature and maximum oxygen permeation flux of $La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_{3-{\delta}$ membrane with 1.6 mm thickness was about $0.31cm^3/cm^2{\cdot}min$ at $950^{\circ}C$. The activation energy for oxygen permeation was 88.4 kJ/mol in the temperature range of $750{\sim}950^{\circ}C$. Perovskite structure of membrane was not changed after permeation test of 40 h and the membrane was stable without secondary phase change with 0.3 mol Sr addition.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-33
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to analyze the in vitro and in vivo corrosion products of low and high copper amalgams. The four different types of amalgam alloy used in this study were Fine cut, Caulk spherical, Dispersalloy, and Tytin. After each amalgam alloy and Hg were triturated according to the directions of the manufacturer by means of the mechanical amalgamator(Amalgam mixer. Shinhung Co. Korea), the triturated mass was inserted into a cylindrical metal mold which was 12mm in diameter and 10mm in height. The mass was condensed by 150Kg/cm compressive force. The specimen was removed from the mold and aged at room temperature for about seven days. The standard surface preparation was routinely carried out by emery paper polishing under running water. In vitro amalgam specimens were potentiostatically polarized ten times in a normal saline solution at $37^{\circ}C$(potentiostat : HA-301. Hukuto Denko Corp. Japan). Each specimen was subjected to anodic polarization scan within the potential range -1700mV to+400mV(SCE). After corrosion tests, anodic polarization curves and corrosion potentials were obtained. The amount of component elements dissolved from amalgams into solution was measured three times by ICP AES(Inductive Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry: Plasma 40. Perkim Elmer Co. U.S.A.). The four different types of amalgam were filled in occlusal and buccal class I cavities of four human 3rd molars. After about five years the restorations were carefully removed after tooth extraction to preserve the structural details including the deteriorated margins. The occlusal surface, amalgam-tooth interface and the fractured surface of in vivo amalgam corrosion products were analyzed. In vivo and in vitro amalgam specimens were examined and analyzed metallographically by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope: JSM 840. Jeol Co. Japan) and EDAX(Energy Dispersive Micro X-ray Analyser: JSM 840. Jeol Co. Japan). 1. The following results are obtained from in vitro corrosion tests. 1) Corrosion potentials of all amalgams became more noble after ten times passing through the in vitro corrosion test compared to first time. 2) After times through the test, released Cu concentration in saline solution was almost equal but highest in Fine cut. Ag and Hg ion concentration was highest in Caulk spherical and Sn was highest in Dispersalloy. 3) Analyses of surface corrosion products in vitro reveal the following results. a)The corroded surface of Caulk spherical has Na-Sn-Cl containing clusters of $5{\mu}m$ needle-like crystals and oval shapes of Sn-Cl phase, polyhedral Sn oxide phase. b)In Fine cut, there appeared to be a large Sn containing phase, surrounded by many Cu-Sn phases of $1{\mu}m$ granular shapes. c)Dispersalloy was covered by a thick reticular layer which contained Zn-Cl phase. d)In Tytin, a very thin, corroded layer had formed with irregularly growing Sn-Cl phases that looked like a stack of plates. 2. The following results are obtained by an analysis of in vivo amalgam corrosion products. 1) Occlusal surfaces of all amalgams were covered by thick amorphous layers containing Ca-P elements which were abraded by occlusal force. 2) In tooth-amalgam interface, Ca-P containing products were examined in all amalgams but were most clearly seen in low copper amalgams. 3) Sn oxide appeared as a polyhedral shape in internal space in Caulk spherical and Fine cut. 4) Apical pyramidal shaped Sn oxide and curved plate-like Sn-Cl phases resulted in Dispersalloy. 5) In Tytin, Sn oxide and Sn hydroxide were not seen but polyhedral Ag-Hg phase crystal appeared in internal space which assumed a ${\beta}_l$ phase.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.431-449
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• 2015

The study area is located in the western part of the Precambrian stock type of Sancheong anorthosite complex, the Jirisan province of the Yeongnam massif, in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. We perform a detailed field geological investigation on the Sancheong anorthosite complex, and report the characteristics of lithofacies, occurrences, foliations, and research formation process and its mechanism of the Sancheong anorthosite complex. The Sancheong anorthosite complex is classified into massive and foliation types of Sancheong anorthosite (SA), Fe-Ti ore body (FTO), and mafic granulite (MG). Foliations are developed in the Sancheong anorthosite complex except the massif type of SA. The foliation type of SA, FTO, MG foliations are magmatic foliations which were formed in a not fully congealed state of SA from a result of the flow of FTO and MG melts and the kinematic interaction of SA blocks, and were continuously produced in the comagmatic differentiation. The Sancheong anorthosite complex is formed as the following sequence: the massive type of SA (a primary fractional crystallization of parental magmas under high pressure)${\rightarrow}$ the foliation type of SA [a secondary fractional crystallization of the plagioclase-rich crystal mushes (anorthositic magmas) primarily differentiated from parental magmas under low pressure]${\rightarrow}$the FTO (an injection by filter pressing of the residual mafic magmas in the last differentiation stage of anorthositic magmas into the not fully congealed SA)${\rightarrow}$the MG (a solidification of the finally residual mafic magmas). It indicates that the massive and foliation types of SA, the FTO, and the MG were not formed from the intrusion and differentiation of magmas which were different from each other in genesis and age but from the multiple fractionation and polybaric crystallization of the coeval and cogenetic magma.