• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2004

Pine needles are known as a traditional medicine and their ingestion has been shown to be beneficial to human beings. Following induction of the neoplastic process in rats by azoxymethane (AOM), we determined the effects of pine needle supplementation on colon carcinogenesis and on antioxidant systems in the blood and liver. Five week old male Fisher 344 rats were injected with AOM (15 mg/kg) once a week for two weeks. After the second injection, 18 rats were randomly assigned into two groups and were fed a casein-based high-fat diet (120 g fat and 1 g cholesterol/kg diet) with or without pine needle powder (10%w/w). After 6 weeks, rats receiving pine needle powder showed a 40% lower incidence of the number of colonic preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypts) and a 52% lower incidence of aberrant crypt foci (p<0.01). A significantly elevated level of erythrocyte catalase activity was observed in the pine needle supplemented group (17.4$\pm$1.1 vs. 24.5$\pm$1.5, p<0.01). Pine needle supplementation also increased liver glutathione peroxidase activity (7.5$\pm$0.6 vs. 14.6$\pm$0.6, p<0.01). Other antioxidant parameters such as erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase, liver catalase activity, and plasma total antioxidant potential (TRAP), showed no statistical differences between the two groups. Our data demonstrate that pine needle supplementation improves the antioxidant system and suppresses the formation of colonic preneoplastic lesions in AOM-treated rats. This result provides additional insights into the chemo-preventative properties of pine needles.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2010

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), one of naturally occurring main components in cauliflower vegetables, is supposed to have a chemopreventive potential in experimental animals and humans. This study was investigated to examine chemopreventive effect of I3C on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) using C57BL/6J mice. Mice were divided into three groups (10 or 9 mice/group). All mice were subcutaneously injected with AOM (5 mg/kg body weight, four times at weekly interval). After AOM treatment, animals of group 1 were fed by AIN-76A pellets as a basal diet. Animals of groups 2 and 3 were given I3C containing diets (100 and 300 ppm in diets, respectively) for 6 weeks until sacrifice. All mice were sacrificed at week 10 and the aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of the colonic mucosa were assessed after staining with methylene blue. Total numbers of ACF/colon in group 2 ($10.1{\pm}5.1$) or group 3 ($10.6{\pm}5.3$) were decreased compared to the values of group 1 ($14.4{\pm}10.2$). Among numbers of ACF formation, 5, 7, 8 and 10 ACF in group 2 and 3 were greatly different those of group 1. Total numbers of aberrant crypts (AC)/colon of group 2 ($20.1{\pm}10.1$) or group 3 ($22.0{\pm}10.9$) were decreased compared to the value of group 1 ($33.7{\pm}24.7$). Taken together, it suggests that I3C treatment may retard mouse colon carcinogenesis even after administration of AOM.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3881-3885
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• 2015

Obesity markedly increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Recently, the preventive effects of edible mushrooms on triglyceride elevation and visceral fat accumulation have been reported. Here, the effects of Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi) and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF; precancerous lesions) in the colorectums of mice fed a high-fat diet were examined. Eringi (ER) and Bunashimeji (BU) mushroom powder samples were used. Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received an intraperitoneal injection of AOM (10 mg/kg) once a week for two weeks, and were sacrificed and dissected at 6 weeks after the start of the experiment. After the initiation of the experiment, they received a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + ER (1 or 5% of diet), or HFD + BU (1 or 5% of diet). As a result, body and fat weights were significantly lower in the 5% ER and BU groups than in the HFD group. Liver triglyceride levels were also significantly lower in the 5% ER and BU groups. Total liver cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the 5% ER group. The numbers of ACF (especially large ACF) showed strong inhibitory effects in both ER and BU groups. Measurement of the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 labeling index in the colonic mucosa demonstrated more significant suppression in both ER and BU groups than in the HFD group. These results suggest that the simultaneous intake of ER and BU may inhibit colorectal tumorigenesis in HFD-fed mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7561-7566
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• 2015

Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ) fruit is rich in bioactive functional components such as polysaccharides, triterpenoid acid, flavonoids and oleamide. It has been commonly used in the treatment of various diseases including diabetes, digestive disorders, diarrhea, skin infections, liver and urinary diseases. However, its dietary effect on chemoprevention of colon cancer has never been studied. The present study was to evaluate the protective effects of dietary ZJ on colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis in azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-treated mice. AOM was injected (10 mg/kg b.wt., i.p.) and three cycles of 2% DSS in drinking water for 7 days with 14 days of normal drinking water in-between was administered to induce colitis-associated colon cancer. ZJ fruit was supplemented in feed as 5 and 10%. Dietary ZJ significantly attenuated aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation thereby decreasing the progression of hyperplasia to dysplasia. In addition, it significantly reduced circulating white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and platelets compared to colon cancer mice. We conclude that ZJ supplementation delayed the progression of colon cancer from hyperplasia to dysplasia and ultimately adenocarcinoma and cancer. In addition, it decreased circulating tumor-related leucocytes, main regulators of cancer inflammation. Therefore, dietary consumption of ZJ fruit attenuated the formation of ACF and delayed the progression of colon cancer.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2011

The radioprotective efficacy of a methanol extract of the red algae Polyopes lancifolia (Harvey) kawaguchi et wang (mPL) was evaluated in mice subjected to total-body gamma irradiation. mPL protection against radiation-induced oxidative stress was examined by histological evaluation of intestinal crypt-cell survival and liver activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). mPL (100 mg/kg body weight) administered intraperitoneally at 24 h and 1 h prior to irradiation protected jejunal crypt cells from radiation-induced apoptosis (p < 0.01). The pretreatment of mPL attenuated a radiation-induced decrease in villous height (p < 0.05), and improved jejunal crypt survival (p < 0.05). The dose reduction factor was 1.14 at 3.5 days after irradiation. Treatment with mPL prior to irradiation resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.01) levels of SOD and CAT activities, compared to those levels of irradiated control mice with vehicle treatment. These results suggest that mPL is a useful radioprotective agent capable of defending intestinal progenitor cells against total-body irradiation, at least in part through mPL antioxidative activity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.749-755
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• 2014

Background: Purple rice has become a natural product of interest which is widely used for health promotion. This study investigated the preventive effect of purple rice extract (PRE) mixed diet on DMH initiation of colon carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: Rats were fed with PRE mixed diet one week before injection of DMH (40 mg/kg of body weight once a week for 2 weeks). They were killed 12 hrs after a second DMH injection to measure the level of $O^6$-methylguanine and xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities. Results: In rats that received PRE, guanine methylation was reduced in the colonic mucosa, but not in the liver, whereas PRE did not affect xenobiotic conjugation, with reference to glutathione-S-transferase or UDP-glucuronyl transferase. After 5 weeks, rats that received PRE with DMH injection had fewer ACF in the colon than those treated with DMH alone. Interestingly, a PRE mixed diet inhibited the activity of bacterial ${\beta}$-glucuronidase in rat feces, a critical enzyme for free methylazoxymethanol (MAM) release in the rat colon. These results indicated that purple rice extract inhibited ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activity in the colonic lumen, causing a reduction of MAM-induced colonic mucosa DNA methylation, leaded to decelerated formation of aberrant crypt foci in the rat colon. Conclusions: The supplemented purple rice extract might thus prevent colon carcinogenesis by the alteration of the colonic environment, and thus could be further developed for neutraceutical products for colon cancer prevention.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2013

민들레는 한방에서 산화방지, 위장 점막 보호 및 담즙 등에 탁월한 효과가 있다고 알려져 있다. 민들레 잎과 뿌리에서 추출한 물질을 SD Rat에 투여한 후 10Gy 방사선 조사 후에 생존율, 혈액변화, 소장조직변화 및 간 조직 변화를 관찰하였다. 관찰결과 민들레 추출물을 투여한 실험군에서 생존율이 4배 이상 높았으며 백혈구, 혈소판 등의 혈액변화에서도 뚜렷한 차이가 보였다. 또한 소장 조직 관찰결과 소장점막세포 소멸 억제 및 소장 점막근판 조직의 염증과 공포가 감소되었다. 따라서 민들레 추출물이 방사선 조사에 따른 혈액구성세포와 소장 조직 손상에 대한 방사선 방호효과를 확인하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.316-326
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• 2006

Backgrounds & Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effect of Shengmai-san(SMS), a herbal medicine, on mice jejunal crypt cell survival and Apoptosis. Methods: Mice were devided into 4 groups according to radiation dose and SMS treatment: Normal was the group without irradiation. Control was the group treated with D.W before 10 Gy irradiation. SMS 2.9 was sample group treated with 2.9 mg/10 g of SMS extract before 10 Gy irradiation and SMS 29 was sample group treated with 29 mg/10 g of SMS extract before 10 Gy irradiation. And Each group were sacrificedat 24 hours and 72 hours after irradiation. To analyze the crypt survival, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used and to analyze the apoptosis, the TUNEL assay was done. Results: 1. From the microcolony survival assay, the SMS 2.9 and SMS 29 showed the radioprotective effect with a statistical significance compared to the control group at 24 hr (P < 0.01) and 72 hr (p < 0.001) after 10 Gy irradiatien. And the differences of radioprotective effect between SMS 2.9 and SMS 29 were net significant. 2. The results of the TUNEL assay showed that the apoptotic index in SMS 2.9 and SMS 29 was significantly decreased, as compared to the control group at both 24 hr ( p < 0.01) and 72 hr (SMS 2.9 : p < 0.001. SMS 29 : P < 0.01) after 10Gy irradiation And the differences of between SMS 2.9 and SMS 29 were not significant. Conclusions: It could be suggested that the Shengmai-san has a prominent Protective effect in mice intestines against the radiation damage. And the radieprotective effect seems to be related to inhibition of the apoptosis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2001

We performed this study to determine the effect of Jiegeng(Platycodon grandiflorum), Danggui(Angelica sinensis), Gancao(Glycyrrhiza glabla), Chaihu(Bupleurum falcatnosa), Shoudehuang(Rehmannia glutinosa), Huangqi(Satragalus membranaceus), Muxiang(Saussurea lappa), Yuanzhi(Polygala tenuifolia), Rensen(Panax ginseng) and Baishaoyao(Paeonia lactiflolia), as Oriental radices herbs, on jejunal crypt survival, endogenous spleen colony formation and apoptosis in jejunal crypt cells of mice irradiated with high and low dose of ${\gamma}-radiation$. Jiegeng(p<0.005), Danggui(p<0.0005), Gancao(p<0.005), Chaihu(p<0.05), Muxiang(p<0.05), Rensen(p<0.005) and Baishaoyao(p<0.005) were effective in intestinal crypt survival. Danggui(p<0.05), Chaihu(p<0.05), Shoudehuang(p<0.05), Huangqi(p<0.05), Rensan(p<0.005) and Baishaoyao(p<0.05) increased the formation of endogenous spleen colony. The frequency of radiation induced apoptosis was also reduced by pretreatment with Chaihu(p<0.05), Muxiang(p<0.005), Yuanzhi(p<0.05), Rensan(p<0.05) and Baishaoyao(p<0.05). Although the mechanisms of this effect remain to be elucidated, these results indicated that Danggui, Chaihu, Muxiang, Rensan and Baishaiyao might be a useful radioprotector, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic natural product.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.991-994
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 장 기능 개선 및 변비질환의 예방 및 치료에 효과적인 식물성 복합추출물인 장기능개선제-신소재(KTG075)의 대장관 내 점액질의 분비에 미치는 영향, 특히 대장에 가장 많이 분비되는 mucin 2 분비에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. Mucin(MUC)은 그 구조에 따라서 여러 아형이 있는데, 아형에 따라서 조직 분포가 다르며 대장에서 가장 많이 분비되는 mucin의 아형은 mucin 2로서 mucin 2에 대한 항체(Biogenex AM358)를 사용하여 면역조직화학법으로 mucin 2를 관찰 시, 변비유발군에서는 mucin 2(연갈색)로 염색된 세포가 현저히 감소되나 KTG075 투여 시 뚜렷하게 mucin 2의 염색이 증가되었다. 또한 alcian blue 염색으로 점액질층을 관찰 시 점액질 두께도 변비유발군에서는 현저히 감소되었고 KTG075투여군에서는 점액질층이 거의 정상 수준으로 증가되었다. 이러한 결과는 변비유발군에서의 mucin 2의 생성과 분비가 감소되나 KTG075 투여군에서는 장 기능을 활성화시킴으로써 mucin 2의 생성과 분비를 증가시켜 장관 내 윤활도가 유지되고 장관 운동을 증가시켜 배변을 용이하게 하여 변비 또는 스트레스 등에 의해 저하된 장 기능을 개선시킴을 확인할 수 있었다.