• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.180-189
• /
• 2017

Genetically modified (GM) crops have been developed worldwide through the recombinant DNA technology and commercialized by global agricultural companies. Until now, GM crops have not been cultivated commercially in Korea. Commercialization of GM crops requires a compulsory assessment of environmental risk associated with the release of GM crops. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of pollen mediated gene flow from Bt transgenic rice (Agb0101) to japonica non-GM rice (Nakdongbyeo), indica non-GM rice (IR36), and weedy rice (R55). A total of 729,917, 596,318 and 230,635 seeds were collected from Nakdongbyeo, IR36, and R55, respectively, which were planted around Agb0101. Selection of the hybrids was determined by repeated spraying of herbicide and Cry1Ac1 immunostrip assay. Finally, the hybrids were confirmed by PCR analysis using specific primer. The hybrids were found in all non-GM rice and out-crossing ranged from 0.0005% at IR36 to 0.0027% at Nakdongbyeo. All of hybrids were located within 1.2 m distance from the Agb0101 rice plot. The meteorological elements including rainfall and temperature during rice flowering time were found to be important factors to determine rice out-crossing rate. Consideration should be taken for many factors like the meteorological elements of field and physiological condition of crop to set up the safety management guideline to prevention of GM crops gene flow.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.78-86
• /
• 1986

single crystals of various hexagonal ferrites were grown by a flux technique. For the growing experiment platinum crucibles of size 40 cc and a horizontal siliconit tube furnace were used. Charges consisted of the flux of BaO(SrO)/$B_2O_3$ and the composition of crystals in the system of BaO $(SrO)-Fe_2O_3-ZnO$. The BaO(SrO)/$B_2O_3$ molar ratio of the flux were varied from 1 to 3. Crystals up to 12.5mm in diameter were grown by slow cooling of melts from a maximum temperature of 1, 30$0^{\circ}C$or 1, 350$0^{\circ}C$ to 95$0^{\circ}C$ or 1, 00$0^{\circ}C$ The grown crystals exhibited a tabular hexagonal habits with very well developed ba-sal planes and narrow pyramidal faces of {1011} {1012} and {0001}. For the identification of the grown crystals X-ray diffraction studies were carried out. The effects of va-riations in flux ratio flux percentage and cooling rate on the quality of the grown crystals were studied. Cry-stal habits hillocks etch steps and growth spirals were observed by optical microscope. Magnetic properties of single crystals were measured.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.66-76
• /
• 1995

This study was done to identify burnout factors and coping methods surveyed upon 59 out-patients who have continuous peritoneal dialysis. Raw data was collected after being filled the questionnaire by subjects or directly interviewing at the peritoneal dialysis room of the K hospital. Taegu. Then. data was classified and analyzed according to categories of questions and revealed facts. The following results are obtained: The average age of subjects is 43.8 years old and the average duration of continuous peritoneal dialysis is 16.9 months. The reasons of choosing continuous peritoneal dialysis are 61. 0% by recommendation of doctor and nurse ranked as the first, 32. 2% by patient own decision ranked as the second. The 57.6% of subjects were experienced complications related to continuous peritoneal dialysis. The major psychosocial burnout factors because of the dialysis are confinement, wasting time, change in responsibility and role as a member of family, worriment for infection, interference in job: and the major physiological burnout factors are fatigue and weakness. Among the main coping methods, the problem-oriented coping methods are "accept the given situation itself, "actively try to change the situation", "try to maintain some controls over the situation", and the affective-oriented coping method are "give up and accept as fate", "pray", "ask comfort or help from family and friends", "sleep", "cry". Conclusively, it can be said that effective nursing intervention is needed to prevent continuous peritoneal dialysis burnout.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2003

Objectives : This study aimed investigation of clinical development to child neuropsychiatry through the oriental western medical approach of child neuropsychiatric disorders Methods : As DSM-IV and ICD-10 set a standard for clinical expression. According to this standard and oriental medical diseases, child neuropsychiatric disorders are divided into six symptoms Results and Conclusion : 1. View point of oriental medicine, Psycho Somatic stroke(inclusive of the spasm) place under the category 'Epilepsy(癎)', 'Children's fit(驚風)' and 'Chi-Kyeung(?痙)'. 2. View point of oriental medicine, Mental Retardation place under the category 'Dementia(?)', 'Amnesia(健忘)' and 'Speech Disorder(語遲)' 3. View point of oriental medicine, Emotional Disorder place under the category 'Adjustment Disorder(客?)', 'Cry with anxiety at night(夜啼症)', 'Gi-Byung(?病)' and 'Child depressive Disorder(小兒癲症)' 4. View point of oriental medicine, Conduct development Disorder place under the category 'Physical frail of five part(五軟)' and 'Physical stiff of five part(五硬)'. 5. View point of oriental medicine, Childhood Psychosis place under the category 'Insanity(癲狂)'. 6. View point of oriental medicine, Somatoform Disorder place under the category 'Palpitation of the heart(驚悸)', 'Vomiting and Diarrhea(吐瀉)', 'Asthma(喘)', 'Headache(頭痛)' and 'Enuresis(遺尿)'

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 1996

The signal transduction pathways through the RAS gene product and adenyl cyclease play a critical role in regulation of the cell cycle in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We examined the genetic relationship between the spt3 gene and ras/cAMP pathway. A mutation in the SPT3 gene suppressed cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase caused by either an inactivation of the RAS or CYR1 gene which encodes a yeast homologue of human ras proto-oncogene or adenyl cyclase, respectively. The phenotypes such as sporulation and heat shock resistancy, that resulted from a partial inactivation of the RAS or CYR1 genes, were also suppressed by the spt3 mutation. Expression of the SSA1 gene encoding one of th heat shock proteins (Hsp70) can be induced by heat shock or nitrogen starvation. Expression of this gene is derepressed in cry1-2 and spt3 mutants. The bcy 1 mutation repressed by the bcy1 mutation, but not in spt3 mutants. These results suggest that the SPT gene is involved in expression of genes that are affected by the RAS/cAMP pathway.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.31-35
• /
• 2011

Background: Circumcision is a painful intervention frequently performed in pediatric surgery. We aim to compare the efficacy of caudal block versus dorsal penile block (DPNB) under general anesthesia for children undergoing circumcision. Methods: This study was performed between July 1, 2009 and October 16, 2009. Fifty male children American Society of Anesthesiolgists physical status classification I, aged between 3 and 12 were included in this randomized, prospective, comparative study. Anesthetic techniques were standardized for all children. Patients were randomized into 2 groups. Using 0.25% 0.5 ml/kg levobupivacain, we performed DPNB for Group 1 and caudal block for Group 2. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated for six hours with the Flacc Pain Scale for five categories; (F) Face, (L) Legs, (A) Activity, (C) Cry, and (C) Consolability. For every child, supplemental analgesic amounts, times, and probable local or systemic complications were recorded. Results: No significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05) was found in mean age, body weight, anesthesia duration, FLACC pain, and sedation scores (P > 0.05). However, on subsequent measurements, a significant decrease of pain and sedation scores was noted in both the DPNB group and the caudal block group (P < 0.001). No major complication was found when using either technique. Conclusions: DPNB and caudal block provided similar postoperative analgesic effects without major complications for children under general anesthesia.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.153-165
• /
• 2013

Deficiency in access to housing is a major manifestation of poverty. In the city of Bangalore, the poor and the marginalized constitute nearly 30 percent of the 8.47 million population (2011 Census) and are living in the nearly 640 slums in addition to squatter settlements and pavements. The city sprawls over an area of 741 sq. kms (2007 estimates) and the poor have very little access to personal living space. According to the Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program guidelines, each household with four average members should have 25 sq. meters of living space. In the case of poor of Bangalore, the attainment of even this minimum is a far cry. In recognition of this acuteness with regard to the problem of housing, the government has introduced schemes like the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission and the Rajiv Awas Yojana. And these schemes have witnessed only a limited success. Whenever the problem of housing for the urban poor is considered, the state and location of slums get into focus. The people living in slums are a crucial and inevitable support to the city economy. Relocation of slum people is fraught with loss of productivity and strain on the transport system and on the incomes of the poor. Their needs like housing, schooling, health centers, creches, hospices etc. have to be provided for. Financial support to the poor with regard to their housing needs will have to be imaginatively provided by banks and related institutions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2022.11a
• /
• pp.597-599
• /
• 2022

영아는 울음이라는 비언어적 의사 소통 방식을 사용하여 모든 욕구를 표현한다. 하지만 영아의 울음소리를 파악하는 것에는 어려움이 따른다. 영아의 울음소리를 해석하기 위해 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 3D 특징 벡터를 이용한 영아의 울음소리 분류를 제안한다. Donate-a-corpus-cry 데이터 세트는 복통, 트림, 불편, 배고픔, 피곤으로 총 5 개의 클래스로 분류된 데이터를 사용한다. 데이터들은 원래 속도의 90%와 110%로 수정하는 방법인 템포조절을 통해 증강한다. Spectrogram, Mel-Spectrogram, MFCC 로 특징 벡터화를 시켜준 후, 각각의 2 차원 특징벡터를 묶어 3차원 특징벡터로 구성한다. 이후 3 차원 특징 벡터를 ResNet 과 EfficientNet 모델로 학습을 진행한다. 그 결과 2 차원 특징 벡터는 0.89(F1) 3 차원 특징 벡터의 경우 0.98(F1)으로 0.09 의 성능 향상을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.775-782
• /
• 1998

This experiment is third study concerning BaO-{{{{ { { Pr}_{ 2} O}_{3 } }}-{{{{ { TiO}_{2 } }} (Ln=Sm, Nd, Pr, La..) system which is known to show a high dielectric constant and Q value in microwave dielectric materials. The process of cry-stallization and the microwave dielectric properties of the specimens sintered at 1220-140$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr was investigated in the BaO-(Na,{{{{ { { Pr})_{2 }O }_{3 } }}-{{{{ { TiO}_{2 } }} as well as BaO-{{{{ { { Pr}_{ 2} O}_{3 } }}-{{{{ { TiO}_{2 } }} system. The single phase BaPr2Ti5O14 and Ba(Nd,{{{{ { { Pr})_{2 }O }_{3 } }}Ti5O14 was finally formed from the Pr2Ti2O7 (Nd, Pr)2Ti2O7 as a secondary phase in the BaO-{{{{ { { Pr}_{ 2} O}_{3 } }}-{{{{ { TiO}_{2 } }} and BaO-(Nd, {{{{ { { Pr})_{2 }O }_{3 } }}-{{{{ { TiO}_{2 } }} system respectively The dielectric constant of the specimens sint-ered at 1280~131$0^{\circ}C$ showed the maximum value as 105(BaO-{{{{ { { Pr}_{ 2} O}_{3 } }}-{{{{ { TiO}_{2 } }} system) and 88 (BaO-(Nd,{{{{ { { Pr})_{2 }O }_{3 } }}-{{{{ { TiO}_{2 } }} system) and the Q values of them showed higher value than 1800 which are due to the maximum den-sity. However the dielectric properties of the specimens sintered at higher temperature than 131$0^{\circ}C$ were reduced due to the increases of pore which were resulted from the sudden grain growth.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 1998

The incidence of fungi and their possible contribution to low vigour were examined in a collection of ginseng (Panax quiquefolius) seed from Ontario. When examined after one winter of stratification in the field and storage at 4f for five months in the laboratory, the collection exhibited low vigour (plant stand 16.7% of seeding rate six weeks after seeding) and high incidence (94%) of discolored or soft seed. Fungi isolated (and incidence) from 1,304 endosperm halves recovered from surface-sterilized seed were, in order of abundance, Fusarium rostrum (22.2%), Chaetomium crispuum (14.3%), Funriud oxysporum (9.0%), Fusarium sdani (9.0%), iwmor sp. (8.4%), Alternaria sp. (8.1%), Zowieua lucotricha (7.8%), Cylindruarpn sp. (0.9%), Fusarium avenacmm (0.9%), and Vdudla iliata (0.4%). Most of these fungi, including known and potential pathogens of ginseng (species of Alerraria, Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, and Trichodirma), were associated with both healthy and diseased seed. Application of Benlate (benomyl), Thiram (thiram), or UBI-2584 (tebuconazole) to seed caused slight to pronounced reduction in emergence and did not significantly affect plant stand six weeks after seeding. The study demonstrated the high level of infection by fungi, including known and potential pathogens of the cry, in an arbitrary collection of ginseng seed from commercial sources, and the phytotoxicity of the fungicides tested when applied to moist stratified seed. The lack of efficacy of the fungicides precluded determination of the contribution of seedborne fungi to low vigour of the seed.