• 대한약리학회지
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• 제15권1_2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1979

With a view to searching after a new antihypertensive or hypotensive agents in the botanical crude plants, authors intended to reevaluate several natural products caltivated in Korea. This experiment was undertaken to compare pharmacogical actions of Machilus thunbergii Siebold et Zuccarini with those of Magnolia obovata Thunberg in anesthetized rats and in normal mice. Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., a tree belonging to the Lauraceae family, is caltivated at Ull-ung Do, and their cortecies have been used as folk medicine mingled with those of Magnolia obovata Thunberg. These two cortecies have teen also applied in chinese medicine, it was advocated that these cortecies exerted good therapeutic effects on gastritis, convulsive abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and urinary tract disorders. Therefore, we intended to determine the pharmacological action of two palnt of different family each other, especially their effects on blood pressure and heart rate, and also their mechanism of action were observed. We studied their action with extracts of hexane(MTHE), ether(MTEE), methanol(MTME) and water(MTWE) from Machilus thunhergii Sieb. et Zucc., and also fractionations of methanol(MOME), chloroform(MOCE) and water(MOWE) from Mapolia obovata Thunberg. The results of this experiment were as follows; 1) MTME, when intravenously administered to rats, elicited the significant hypotensive responses dependent on the administered dosage. 2) MOWE was also exhibited the hypotensive effect dependent on the treated dose. 3) Depressor effect of MTME was blocked by pretreatment with hexamethonium. 4) The hypotensive response of MOWE was blocked by pretreatment with hexamethonium or hrdralazine. 5) HTME and MOWE were also observed the anticonvulsive effect and sedative effect. These results suggested that MTME may induce the hypotensive response via central sympathetic effect, but the site of action in brain are not clarified, and the hypotensive effect of MOWE may be due to dual mechanism of central sympathetic action and direct vasodilation of blood vessel.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2003

Chemical properties and physiological activities of the freeze-dried synnemata of Beauveria bassiana were examined. A proximate analysis showed that the synnemata consisted mainly of carbohydrate (49.86%), protein 11.36%), and a moisture content of 30.64%. It contained a low amount of crude ash (4.76%) and fat (3.38%). The carbohydrate was composed mainly of mannose (52.3%), galactose (31.5%), glucose (13.2%), and rhamnose (3%). Trace amounts of arabinose, xylose, and fructose were present. Major amino acids In the synnemata were glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid, arginine, threonine, alanine, valine, leucine, lysine, and aspartic acid with the amounts of 30.42, 25.22, 17.17, 15.12, 12.65, 15.23, 12.47, 11.47, 14.24, and 17.17 mg/g, respectively. Among extracts from the synnemata, the hot-water extract showed 67% of anticomplementary activity compared to that of the positive control, followed by ethyl acetate extract (17%) and methanol extract (15%). The hot-water extract also had anticoagulant activity with 55 sec of coagulating time and this fraction exhibited the most potent Intestinal immune system modulating activity. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibitory activity (25%) on the 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-induced superoxide ($O_2^-$) generation, followed by hot-water extract (18%) and ethyl acetate extract (10%). The data in the present study indicate that the extract of Beauveria bassiana synnemata contains some healthful chemical ingredients and it could provide beneficial physiological activities. These features of the synnemata should be of interest to the food industry as well as other industrial fields.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 1977

분포량이 많고 식용되고 있는 중요 해조의 효율적인 이용과 영양학적인 의의를 구명하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 동근돌김(Porphyra suborciculata). 잎파래(Enteromorpha linza). 톳(Hizikia jusiforme). 모자반(Sargassum fulvllum), 미역(Undaria pinnatifida), 청각(Codim fragile), 셀만모자반(Sargassum kjellmanianum), 구멍갈파래(Ulva pertusa)등 8종을 선정하여, 이들 해조의 불용성 단백질 추출에 영향을 주는 제요소 즉 조체처리별, 추출온도와 시간별, 시료일추출용매화, pH의 영향등을 검토하고 또한 추출액중의 단백질 심전조건에 대하여 검토하였다. 1. 식용 해조의 조단백질 함량은 둥근돌김(Porphyra suborbiculat) $24.14\%$, 미역(Undaria pinnatifida) $15.7\%$, 톳(Hizikia jusiforme) $7.66\%$, 모자반(Sargasum fulvellum) $12.61\%$, 셀만모자반(Sargassum kjellmanianum) $14.08\%$, 잎파래(Enteromorpha linza) $10.86\%$, 구멍갈파래(Ulva Pertusa) $16.60\%$, 청각(Codium fragile)$9.89\%$이었다. 2. 시료의 처리조건에 따른 추출효과는 dry icemethanol 한제 중에서 동결시켜, 해사를 첨가하여 마쇄한 시료가 수용성 단백질 추출성적이 월등하게 좋아, 막지사발에서 마쇄한 $1.5\~2.5$배의 추출성적을 보였다. 3. 시료일추출용매비는 점질물이 적은 구멍갈파래, 잎파래는 1:20(w/v)에서, 점질물량이 많은 청각,미역, 톳, 모자반, 둥근돌김 등은 1:30(w/v)에서, 셀만모자반은 1:40(w/v)일 때 추출성적이 좋았다. 4. 추출시간은 구멍갈파래, 잎파래는 1시간, 둥근돌김, 톳, 미역, 모자반, 셀만모자반은 2시간, 청각은 3시간 정도에서 가장 효과적이었다. 5. 추출온도는 톳이 $40^{\circ}C, 둥근돌김, 청각, 잎파래 미역, 모자반, 셀만모자반 $50\%$에서, 구멍갈파래는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 최고의 추출성적을 보였다. 6. pH의 영향은 각 시료마다 대동소이하여 $pH9\~12$에서 가장 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 7. 추출 최적조건에서의 수용성 단백질 추출율은 1차 추출에서 전조단백질에 대하여 평균 $63\%$, 2차 유출에서 평균 $8.6\%$ 합계 $74\%$ 정도의 수용성 단백질 추출이 가능했으며, 1차에 대한 2차의 추출비율이 7.5:1이었다. 8. 단백질 침전분리 조작으로는 Barnstein method, methanol 처리법, TCA 처리법, 가열처리법 순으로 침전효과가 있었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 1995

비름과 다년생 초분류의 Acyranthes속 식물인 쇠무릎에서 phytoecdysone을 추출하여 누에에 첨식시킨 후 누에의 등족촉진효과에 관한 생물검정을 실시하였다. 1. 쇠무릎에서 추출정제한 phytoecdysone을 정량한 결과, 건물 1Kg당 355mg이 회수되었으며, TLC 동정 결과 $\beta$0ecdysone과 동일한 물질로 판명되었다. 2. Phytoecdysone 투여후 약 4시간째부터 처리구가 대조구에 비해 등족율이 높아졌으며, 등족완료시간도 짧았다. 3. Phytoecdysone 투여 효과는 춘잠기와 하잠기(불량환경)간에 차이를 보였다. 춘잠기에는 등족촉진효과 만이 인정되었을뿐 견질 및 화용비율은 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었으나, 하잠기에는 등족촉진효과 뿐만 아니라 화용 비율도 크게 향상되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.406-412
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• 1998

Such extraction conditions as the kinds of solvent, extracting temperature, extracting time, ratio of material to solvent and particle size of material, were studied to maximize the extraction of oleoresin from chipi. Larger amount of soluble solids were extracted from seeds with nonpolar solvents (hexane, pentane, ether) for extraction, because the seeds contained large amount of crude fats and monoterpene(limonene) volatile compounds. Larger amount of soluble solids were extracted from peel with polar solvents(methanol, ethanol) of extraction because of large amount of water soluble colors, sugars and oxygenated terpene bolatile compounds in the peel. The application of the solvents in intermediate polarity (dichloromethane, acetone) resulted in more effective extraction of soluble solid and volatile compounds. Expecially, dichloromethane was an excellent solvent in extraction of volatile compounds. In the concern of volatile compound recovery yield, the optimum extraction conditions, such as temperature, time, mixing ratio of material to dichloromethane and mean particle size, were $25^{\circ}C$, 10min, 1:10(w/v), 355~250${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for chopi peels and 3$0^{\circ}C$, 10min, 1:8(w/v), 355~250${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for chopi seeds, respectively.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 1994

From the hot water extract of bracken(Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum), a Korean win edible plant, anti-complementary acidic polysaccharides were Isolated. Crude polysaccharide fraction(HPA-1) was obtain ed by methanol reflux, ethanol precipitation, dialysis, and lyophilization. HPA-1 contained 81.80% of total sugar, 30.40% of uronic acid, and 15.60cA of protein. HPA 1 was purified consecutively by cetavlon fractionation and chromatography including ion exchange nth DEAE-Sepharose CL 6B and gel permeation with Sephadex G-100 and Sepharose CL-6B. HPA-2- IVa and HPA-Va-2 were nearly homogeneous on HPLC and had 500,000 and 560,000 daltons of molecular weights, respectively. HPA-2-Wa consisted of fucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid at the molar ratio of 1.40 : 0.97 : 1.88. HPA-2-Va 2 was composed of rhamnose, galactose, and galacturonic acid at the molar ratio of 1.00 : 1.38 : 1.39. The polysaccharides were found to activate the C3 component both In the presence and In the absence of Ca2+ through the crossed-immunoelectrophoresis suggesting that those Involved in both classical and alternative complement pathway.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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• pp.102-102
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• 2003

The present study has been undertaken to characterize availability of camellia(Camellia japonica L.) as a medicinal plant with antineoplastic and chemosensitizing activities. The crude extracts from fresn camellia flower, young leaves and nutraceutical tea of camellia leaf and flower buds were evaluated on their potential activities against various human cancer cells and multidrug resistance to cancer cells in vitro. The range of cytotoxicity displayed from 120$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL to 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Catemix 1(CT-1) mixed with camellia and green tea showed high toxicity(respectively IC$\sub$50/=l16$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, 129$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) against AML-2/WT, acute myelogenous leukemia cell and MCF-7, brest adenocarcinoma pleual effusion cell. Generally camellia tea mixed with green tea showed higher cytotoxicity than the other camellia teas mixed with some herbs(CH). Methanol extract of steamed camellia tea and roasted camellia tea had a chemosensitizing effect to reverse Pgp-mediated MDR. In addition, camellia flower tea of insignificant cytotoxicity, chemosensitizing effect were increased remarkably chemosensitizing effect in mixed flower tea with some herbs.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.501-505
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• 2006

진달래꽃 추출물의 항산화 효과와 인체 비인두암 세포인 KB cell에 대한 세포독성을 조사하였다. 또한 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하고 항산화성과의 상관성을 검토하였다. 진달래꽃 메탄올 추출물을 용매 분획하여 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과, 에칠아세테이트 분획의 활성이 가장 높게 나타났다. 에칠아세테이트 분획을 silica gel column chromatography로 부분 정제하여 항산화 실험을 한결과 fraction 2와 3은 40 ppm 농도에서 90% 이상의 활성을 나타내었다. 인체 비인두암 세포주인 KB cell의 성장 저해율은 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 클로로포름 분획이 81.2%, 헥산분획이 74.6% 였다. 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과, 에칠아세테이트 분획에는 총 폴리페놀 32.70%, 총 플라보노이드 20.30% 함유하고 있었다. 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량과 항산화성과의 상관관계는 총 폴리페놀에 대하여는 $r^2=0.8869$, 총 플라보노이드에 대하여는 $r^2=0.8469$로 상관성이 인정되었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2006

The antifungal activity of crude methanolic extract and fractions from Yucca smalliana Fern. leaves, roots and flowers were investigated in vitro against a panel of plant pathogenic fungi. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was determined by an agar dilution method. Preliminary liquid culture and agar plate assays showed that the growth of Fu sarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea were inhibited by Y. smalliana extracts. The extracts from flowers and leaves showed antifungal activity of 64.0% and 34.0% against F. oxysporum, 66.0% and 62.0% against P. capsici, and 27.0% and 41.0% against B. cinerea, respectively. The methanolic extract from Y. smallina leaves in distilled water was fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity: hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. These fractions had a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, found to reside entirely in the butanol and aqueous fraction. The aqueous fraction showed inhibition rate of 60.0, 67.8, 84.6 and 58.3% against F. oxysporum, R. solani, C. gloeosporioides, and B. cinerea, respectively, and the butganol fracgtion showed 36.0, 46.0, 66.1 and 58.3%, respectively. Phenolics(e.g. flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids) were observed in the thin layer profile of the different fractions. Leave extract showed a prominent antioxidant activity totally scavenging the free radical of DPPH at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1973

Chinae Rhizoma is dried crude roots and rhizomes obtained from Smilax china Linne which belongs to Smilax Genus of Liliaceae Familia, and it has been in wife use as a folk remedy for a long time. But very little systemic studies on its pharmacological actions have been made until now. Furthermore, the effective components except saponin of Chinae Rhizoma have been not known yet. It came to the attention of the authors that Chinae Rhizoma are used as antidiarrhetics in Chinese herb medicine, therefore they attempted to observe the effects of Chinae Rhizoma Alcoholic Extracts (Chinae Rhizoma Ethanol Extract=CREE, Chinae Rhizoma Methanol Extract=CRME) from Smilax china Linne on motility of the isolated rabbit duodenum in this experiment. The results of the study were as follow: 1. The movement of the isolated rabbit duodenum was slowed down and its tonus was relaxed in proportion to the concentration of Chinae Rhizoma Alcoholic Extracts (CREE & CRME). 2. With a concentration of CREE $10^{-4}g/ml$, the contractile effects of acetylcholine $10^{-6}g/ml$, pilocarpine $10^{-5}g/ml$ and physostigmine $10^{-5}g/ml$ were remarkably blocked in the movement of isolated rabbit duodenum. 3. The concentration of the isolated rabbit duodenum induced by barium chloride $10^{-4}g/ml$ was significantly inhibited by CREE $10^{-4}g/ml$. 4. With the administrations of histamine $10^{-5}g/ml$, serotonin $10^{-6}g/ml$ and prostaglandin $A_2\;10^{-6}g/ml$ respectively, contractions were observed in the rabbit duodenum. But, treatment of CREE $10^{-4}g/ml$ inhibited markedly the tonus and motility of the duodenum pretreated with the above drugs. 5. The effects of CREE and CRME were very much alike in this experiment. From the above results, it is concluded that the mechanism of action of Chinae Rhizoma on motility of isolated rabbit duodenum was partially due to cholinergic blocking effect.