• 생약학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1983

An attempt was made to investigate free and bound lipid contents and fatty acid compositions of ginseng and its eveven kinds related crude drugs. Contents of free and bound lipids of ginseng were 1.23% and 0.47%, and those of the related crude drugs were $0.31{\sim}13.05%$ and $0.26respectively. Fourteen even-numbered and 4 odd-numbered fatty acids were identified by GLC in those lipids from ginseng, and the major fatty acids were linoleic, palmitic, oleic and linolenic acids. The crude drugs are notably different from ginseng in kinds and compositions of fatty acids of free and bound lipids. Composition ratios of unsaturated fatty acids were higher in free lipids from ginseng than those of the crude drugs except 'Won-ji' Polygalae Radix.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2008

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) has been used as an important medicinal plant in the Orient for a long time. It has been claimed that ginseng has many beneficial bioactive effects on human health, such as antitumor, antistress, antiaging and enhancing immune functions. Red ginseng possibly have new ingredients converted during steaming and dry process from fresh ginseng. Kujeungkupo method which means 9 repetitive steaming and drying process was used for the processes of green tea, Polygonatum odoratum, and Rehmanniae radix preparata. In this study, ingredient conversion of ginseng by 9 repetitive steaming and drying process were investigated measuring conversion efficiency of brown materials, crude lipids, crude proteins and aromatic compounds. Brown materials, as an antioxidant, in red ginseng were produced through non-enzymatic reaction by heat. Repetitive steaming and drying treatments on ginseng root contiunously increased the content of brown materials and the chromaticity. Crude lipids were degraded by heat and converted into volatile aromatic ingredients. Crude lipids were degraded and decreased by 0.52% after the 5th and 7th. Crude proteins were also decomposed and converted to amino acid. Crude proteins after the 9th treatment were decreased by more than 85% as increased times of treatments. A bicyclogermacrene as aromatic material was decreased as increased treatment times, while but a aromatic caramel was increased.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.381-385
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• 1998

Chemical components of Perillar semen and physico-chemical properties o Perillae semen oil were analyzed for the use as an edible oil. The proximate compositions of Perillae semen were 7.5% moisture, 33.2% crude fat, 16.3% crude protein, 2.8% crude ash, 6.5% crude fiber, and 33.7% nitrogen free extract. The major amino acids of Perillae semen were glutamic acid(66.9mg%), aspartic acid (32.5mg%), histidine(21.6mg%), and phenylaanine (20.1mg%). The ratio of essential/total amino acid was 41.3%. The physico-chemical properties of the seed oil were 0.915 specific gravity, 1.4808 refractive index, 3.6 acid value, 181.7 iodine value, and 194.0 saponification value. Composition of major lipid of the oil fractionated by silicic acid chromatography was 94.2% neutral lipids and 5.8% polar lioids. The major fatty acids of the oil were linolenic, linoleic and oleic acid. Neutral lipids consisted of 59.9% linolenic acid, 15.6% oleic acid, 6.6% palmitic acid, and 2.5% stearic acid. Polar lipids consisted of 58.5% linolenic acid, 18.1% linoleic acid, 12.7% oleic acid, 7.7% palmitic acid, and 3.0% stearic acid.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 1985

The effect of temperature and ethanol concentration on lipids yield and free fatty acids were investigated during 1-5 times of 8 hours extraction. The crude lipids recovered was generally increased as the ethanol concentration increased while it was decreased at higher extraction temperature. Fatty acids composition in free fatty acids showed linoleum and plasmatic acids to be the major fatty acids, accounting 60% of 16 fatty acids identified. Fatty acids pattern was little affected by the changes in ethanol concentration while increase in temperature resulted significant changes in fatty acids composition.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.197-200
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• 1987

Nutritive value of lipids was associated with composition of fatty acid. Unvalance diet may increase the incidence of diseases. Abundant of EPA and DHA, polyunsaturated fatty acid, were contained in fishes. Studies on 10 kinds of fishes, lipid components were determined. The results were as follows; 1. The content of crude fat 18.1% were high in eels, on the contrary the content of EPA 0.1% and DHA 0.1% were low. The content of crude fat were low in mackeral and sadrine, but the content of poly unsaturated fatty acid were high. 2. Iodine value 189 was high in sadrine, consequently, this results showed the interrelation between Iodine value and the content of polyunsaturated number. 3. The content of crude fat 1.3% in flounder(sole) were low and the content of cholesterol 20 mg% were lowest in present studies.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2010

밀가루 및 5종의 건면에 함유되어 있는 정확한 조지방 함량을 정량하기 위하여 Soxhlet법을 비롯한 5종의 측정 방법과 3종의 추출 용매를 이용하여 상호간의 차이를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 밀가루에서는 0.09~1.37%, 건면에서는 0.07~1.36%의 조지방이 정량되었다. 이와 같이 밀가루와 건면에서 그 측정 방법에 따라 조지방 함량이 큰 차이를 보이는 이유는 지방질의 종류에 기인하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 실제 시중 대형 마트에서 구입한 5종의 겉면에 표시되어 있는 영양성분표를 살펴 본바, 조지방 함량은 0~1.5%로 큰 차이를 보이고 있었다. 이러한 원인을 밝히기 위하여 밀가루와 건면에 함유되어 있는 지방질의 종류 및 함량을 정량하였다. 그 결과, 밀가루에는 1.02%의 유리 지방질과 0.21%의 결합 지방질이 함유되어 있었으며, 건면에는 0.95~1.01%의 유리 지방질과 0.21~0.25%의 결합 지방질이 함유되어 있었다. 밀가루 및 건면 제품에 함유되어 있는 유리 지방질에 함유되어 있는 극성 및 비극성 지방질의 함량을 조사한 결과, 밀가루에서 중성지방질, 당지방질 및 인지방질 함량은 각각 58.5%, 33.6% 및 8.6%였다. 상대적으로 5종의 건면 시료에서는 각각 49.2~58.2%, 33.3~41.6% 및 8.5~9.3% 범위였다. 또한, 밀가루 및 건면 제품에 함유되어 있는 결합 지방질에 함유되어 있는 극성 및 비극성 지방질의 함량을 조사한 결과, 밀가루에서 중성지방질, 당지방질 및 인지방질 함량은 각각 16.7%, 33.5% 및 49.5%였다. 상대적으로 5종의 건면 시료에서는 각각 13.2~15.3%, 35.6~45.7% 및 41.6~49.4%로 유리 지방질에 함유되어 있는 각 지방질의 함량과는 큰 차이를 보였다. 이와 같은 지방질 조성 및 함량에 따라 밀가루 및 건면에서 정확한 조지방 함량을 측정하기 위해서는 산가수분해법을 적용하여야 한다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.361-365
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• 1978

개암종실의 일반성분과 petroleum ether로 추출한 지방질에 대한 몇가지 물리, 화학적 항수, 지방질의 구성분 및 지방산조성을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 개암종실의 일반성분은 수분 4.0%, 조단백질 15.5%, 조지방질 64%, 가용성무질소물 11.7%, 조섬유 2.0%, 조회분 2.5%였다. 그리고 참개암이 물개암보다 조지방질의 함량이 약 3%가량 더 많았다. 2) 개암종실에서 추출한 조지방질의 비중$(15/15^{\circ}C)$은 0.916. 굴절률$(15^{\circ}C)$은 1.468이였고, 비누화값은 184, 요오드값은 94.5, 산값은 0.2였으며 비비누화물량은 0.25%였다. 3) 개암종실유에는 중성지질이 약 97%이고 복합지질은 약 3%에 불과하였다. 4) 개암종실유중의 중성지질은 98 %가 triglyceride이고, free fatty acid와 free sterol은 각각 0.5% 및 1.3%였으며 esterified sterol은 검출되지 않았다. 5) 개암종실유의 지방산조성은 oleic acid가 $76{\sim}80%$로 가장 많고 linoleic acid는 약 15%로 그 다음으로 많으며, palmitic 및 stearic acid는 각각 5.0% 및 1.7%였으며, 그외에 linolenic acid와 palmitoleic acid가 각각 0.4% 및 0.8% 함유되여 있었다. 그리고 p/s ratio는 $1.8{\sim}2.8$이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2014

In this study, crude glycerol was used as a carbon source in the cultivation of wild yeasts, aiming at the production of microbial lipids and citric acid. Forty yeasts of different sources were tested concerning their growth in crude and commercial glycerol. Four yeasts (Lindnera saturnus UFLA CES-Y677, Yarrowia lipolytica UFLA CM-Y9.4, Rhodotorula glutinis NCYC 2439, and Cryptococcus curvatus NCYC 476) were then selected owing to their ability to grow in pure ($OD_{600}$ 2.133, 1.633, 2.055, and 2.049, respectively) and crude ($OD_{600}$ 2.354, 1.753, 2.316, and 2.281, respectively) glycerol (10%, 20%, and 30%). Y. lipolytica UFLA CM-Y9.4 was selected for its ability to maintain cell viability in concentrations of 30% of crude glycerol, and high glycerol intake (18.907 g/l). This yeast was submitted to lipid production in 30 g/l of crude glycerol, and therefore obtained 63.4% of microbial lipids. In the fatty acid profile, there was a predominance of stearic (C18:0) and palmitic (C16:0) acids in the concentrations of 87.64% and 74.67%, respectively. We also performed optimization of the parameters for the production of citric acid, which yielded a production of 0.19 g/l of citric acid in optimum conditions (38.4 g/l of crude glycerol, agitation of 184 rpm, and temperature of $30^{\circ}C$). Yarrowia lipolytica UFLA CM-Y9.4 presented good lipid production when in the concentration of 30 g/l of glycerol. These data may be used for production in large quantities for the application of industrial biodiesel.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.220-226
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to analyze proximate comosition, mineral contents and fatty acid composition of pure jemsosojoo(PJ) and jemsosojoo added medicinal herb(JMH). Mositure, ash, crude protein and crude fat of pure jemsosojoo were higher than those of the JMH, but carbohydrate content was higher in the JMH. Among minerals, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn content of the JMH were higher than those of the PJ, while P and Na were higher in the PJ and those difference were significant between the PJ and the JMH(p<0.05). U/S (unsaturaed fatty acid/saturated fatty acid) ratio was higher in the JMH than those of the PJ, the ratio o fglycolipid was 1.75 in the PJ and that of neutral lipid was 3.07 in the JMH. Octadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecenoic acid and hexadecenoic acid were major fatty acids in the total lipids, neutral lipids glycolipids and phospolipids of the PJ and the JMH. Especially, octadecadienoic acid and octadecatrienoic acid were higher in the JMH than those of the PJ.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1993

The contents of crude fat were remarkably different according to parts in porcine tissues. The most contents of total lipids in variety tissues were neutral lipid, and the nexts were phospholipid and glycolipid, where these of the most composition in liver were phospholipid and the next neutrallipid and glycolipid. The major component of the nonpolar lipids in fresh was triglyceried(58.09∼74.68%) and phospolipid in the polar lipid were phosphatidyl choline(20.14∼45.17%) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(18.5∼30.14%) and the main component in glycolipid acylsterol glyceride(26.10∼45.15%), respectively.