• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.730-740
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• 2020

This feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of Mentha arvensis (MA) and Geranium thunbergii (GT) in drinking water on physicochemical attributes, sensory qualities, proximate analysis and oxidative stability of broiler leg meat. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 5 weeks. The dietary treatments were 1) control, 2) T1 (0.1% 1 MA:1 GT), 3) T2 (0.1% 1 MA:4 GT), 4) T3 (0.1% 4 MA: 1 GT). The water holding capacity and cooking loss were improved (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3. The flavor, texture and acceptability of leg meat by consumers were significantly increased in T2 relative to the control (p < 0.05). The crude protein content was increased in T3 while the crude fat decreased in T2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, broilers supplemented with plant extracts had the lowest leg meat TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) values after 2 weeks of storage as compared with the control. Total phenolic contents and 1-1-diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity were also better in the T2 group (p < 0.05) compared with the control, whereas 2,2-Azinobis-3 ethytlbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS⁺) remained unaffected. Overall, these results demonstrate that broiler drinking water with the inclusion of plant extract combination can be used to enhance the oxidative stability, shelf life and quality characteristics of broiler leg meat without compromising the growth performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

The effect of eight varieties of grain and forage type whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L Japonica) each harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for morphology and yield, proportion of botanical fractions, fermentatability and chemical composition in an $8{\times}4$ factorial experiment. All crops were sown in 1997 at Saitama Prefecture, Japan under identical condition and harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering in 1998. Total DM yield of forage type varieties was similar to that of the highest yield of grain type varieties. However, while yield of forage type varieties was attributed to higher proportion of straw than head, the reverse was in the case of grain type varieties. Yield in line with the proportion of head increased (p<0.001), but in contrast proportion of straw decreased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. Silage fermentability of grain type varieties was better than forage type varieties. Fermentability improved with the increase (p<0.001) in maturity suggesting that the moisture content should be reduced to improve fermentation quality. Forage type varieties contained higher (p<0.001) ash, crude fat (EE), organic cell wall (OCW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but contained lower crude protein (CP), organic cell content (OCC), CP in OCC and nitrogen-free cell wall extract (NCWFE) than the grain type varieties. The ash, CP, EE, Oa (60% digestible OCW), Ob (40% digestible OCW), OCW, ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased (p<0.001), but OCC and NCWFE increased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. It is concluded that stage of maturity not only increases yield and proportion of head, but also improved the fermentation quality and increases quality chemical composition (except CP) of whole crop rice. Forage type varieties may be as good as grain type varieties in terms of yield, but fermentation quality and chemical composition may not be as good as that of grain type varieties.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.9.1-9.5
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• 2016

Background: Literature is lacking on the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on rumen fermentation parameters, nutrient digestion and nitrogen (N) retention in sheep. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing rye straw with BF-based silage as a roughage source on ruminal parameters, total-tract apparent nutrient digestibility, and N balance in sheep. Methods: The by-product feed silage was composed of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) (45 %), recycled poultry bedding (RPB) (21 %), rye straw (11 %), rice bran (10.8 %), corn taffy residue (10 %), protected fat (1.0 %), bentonite (0.6 %), and mixed microbial additive (0.6 %). Six sheep were assigned randomly to either the control (concentrate mix + rye straw) or a treatment diet (concentrate mix + BF-based silage). Results: Compared with the control diet, feeding a BF-based silage diet resulted in similar ruminal characteristics (pH, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, and acetate: propionate ratio), higher (p < 0.05) ruminal NH3-N, higher (p < 0.05) ether extract digestibility, similar crude protein digestibility, lower (p < 0.05) dry matter, fiber, and crude ash digestibilities, and higher (p < 0.05) N retention (g/d) Conclusion: The BF-based silage showed similar energy value, higher protein metabolism and utilization, and lower fiber digestion in sheep compared to the control diet containing rye straw.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2001

This study is to investigate biochemical compositions of two species of marine microalgae, Chlorella ellipsoidea of Chlorophyta and Tetraselmis suecica of Prasinophyta, and to assess their potential antimicrobial activities. Crude protein, lipid and carbohydrate for C. ellipsoidea were $43.15\%$, $12.63\%$ and $13.09\%$, respectively, and those for T. suecica were $44.95\%$, $4.80\%$ and $24.05\%$, respectively. The major amino acids of the two micro algae were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, lysine and proline, and no significant difference between the amino acid compositions of both micro algae was observed. The major sugars for both microalgae were glucose, galactose and mannose, and glucose contents showed the highest level, $58.70\%$ for C. ellipsoidea and$57.86\%$ for T. suecica. The major mineral contents of both micro algae for 100g were Ca (3,114mg in C. ellipoidea and 3,389mg in T. suecica) and followed by Na (2,881mg), K (548mg) and Mg (545mg) for C. ellipsoidea and Na (1,832 mg), Mg (1,510mg) and K (548mg) for T. suecica. In the content of ATP-related compound, hypoxanthine in C. ellipsoidea and IMP in T. suecica were absolutely dominant compounds. The highest content of fatty acid in C. ellipsoidea was 20:4, $27.15\%$ and that in T. suecica was 18:3 (w-6), $18.10\%$. In case of physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6), both microalgae possessed just trace amounts but was rich in arachidonic acid (20: 4). Vitamin content in both microalgae was significantly high in choline and inositol. In antimicrobial activity by water- and fat-soluble fraction of the micro algae, hexane extract in the fat-soluble fraction of C. elliposidea inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis by $96\%$ bactericidal activity and tetrachlorocarbon extract of T. suecica indicated relatively excellent antimicrobial activity $(81\%\;bactericidal\;activity)$ against Escherichia coli. Hot water extract among water-soluble fraction of both micro algae almost suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus by $96\%$ bactericidal activity.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2015

The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth performance, feed intake, slaughter characteristics, meat quantity and quality characteristics of Hanwoo steers fed with Italian ryegrass (IRG) silage (TRT). IRG silage consisted 11.70% protein, 2.84% ether extract, 53.50% dry matter digestibility and 63.34% total digestible nutrients. The daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of TRT were significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of control diet (CON; fed rice straw) in the whole periods. However, the slaughter weight, dressing percentage, quantity grade and quantity traits (marbling score, meat color, fat color, and quality grade) of either TRT or CON were similar. Meat fed TRT diet showed higher crude fat and lightness (L*) value and lower moisture content and pH value compared with the CON diet (p<0.05). Overall the carcass yield was 12.5% higher than CON diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.806-810
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• 2006

Candida utilis can assimilate fatty acids, so it was hypothesized that the treatment of rice by Candida utilis would improve feed quality by reducing fat content and adding the yeast function that would stimulate rumen microbes. In this study, the oil assimilation ability of Candida utilis IFO1086, 0988, 0626 and the effect of treatment of Candida utilis IFO1086, IFO0626 on the nutrient contents of rice bran were examined. The effect of Candida utilis addition on the in vitro degradability of forage was also investigated. It was found that the oil assimilating ability of IFO1086 and IFO0626 was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of IFO0988. Candida utilis treatment reduced the EE content and increased the CP, ADF and NDF percentage. The absolute amount of ether extract was decreased by 35.9% in IFO1086 and IFO0626 treatment. The absolute amount of crude protein was not changed by yeast treatment. The ADF and NDF amounts were increased. The addition of Candida utilis increased in vitro forage degradability significantly (p<0.05). Based on these results it can be postulated that treatment of rice bran by Candida utilis may improve feed quality by reducing fat content, increasing the CP content and adding the function of yeast for stimulating rumen microbes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.747-761
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Korea, studies of diet in elementary school children are hindered by the need for a comprehensive dietary assessment tool. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Korean elementary school children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The 24-h recall data for 1,624 subjects aged 6-11 yrs from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to extract the items included in the questionnaire. The FFQ items were developed by selecting major dishes based on the results of nutritional contribution and between-person variability for energy and 14 nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorous, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C). We selected the major dishes with over 90% of the total contribution to each nutrient and with over 90% of the accumulated R² for each nutrient. Among the 452 dishes, we selected 248 dishes contributing more than 1% of the total consumption. RESULTS: Finally, the FFQ included 107 items combined from 248 dishes based on nutrient profile and recipe. The FFQ items accounted for an average of 88.6% of the energy, 14 nutrient intakes, and 91.4% of the between-person variability. Quantities of dietary intake were assessed by 9 categories of frequency and 3 categories of portion size. Percentages of coverage for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and calcium were 90.2%, 87.8%, 89.9%, 90.8%, and 88.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a dish-based, semi-quantitative FFQ comprising 107 items for Korean elementary school children aged 6 to 11. Further studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of this FFQ for elementary school children.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the nutritional composition including proximate, amino acid, vitamin, minerals, and the antioxidant activity of green tea (Camellia sinensis) pollen grains collected by Apis mellifera bees, for use as a health food. The crude protein and fat content was estimated at 26.14% and 3.49%, respectively. Eighteen amino acids were identified in green tea pollen, including 8 essential amino acids and 10 non-essential amino acids. The predominant amino acids were glutamic acid, proline and aspartic acid accounting for about 33.3% of total free amino acids. The concentration of vitamin C was the highest value of 35.7%, followed by $B_3$ and $B_2$ among the detected vitamins. The predominant minerals were potassium (790.32 mg/100g), followed by phosphorus (707.52 mg/100g) and sulfur (302.67 mg/100g), whereas copper, zinc and sodium were detected as minor elements. The antioxidant activity and phenolic content accounted for 33.8% at $500{\mu}g/mL$ extract and $2.55 {\mu}g/mg$, respectively.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.644-649
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• 2007

In this study a purified protein was prepared from pork meat. The product consisted of 0.5% moisture, 3.0% ash, 5.5% ether extract and 88.7% crude protein. Also, a meat oligopeptide mixture was prepared from a pepsin digest of the protein preparation. The two preparations were colorless and odorless powders with low fat contents. The nutritive values of the pork meat protein and oligopeptide mixture were estimated by two methods, one using biological value(BV) and the other employing net protein utilization(NPU) by the nitrogen balance method. The meat oligopeptide mixture showed an excellent nutritive value by both methods. The true digestibilites of both the pork meat protein and the oligopeptide mixture were more than 98%. The above results indicate that the oligopeptide mixture is an excellent material as a dietary nitrogen source for many purposes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1980

경남지방의 일원에서 1978년도에 생산된 밀양계통의 미곡중에 함유되어 있는 일할성분과 중금속의 함량을 부위별로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 미곡중 조단백, 조지방, 조섬유, 회분은 대부분 현미층, 7분도층, 9분도층에 분포되어 있으나 백미에서는 그 함량이 급격히 줄어 조단백 9.22%, 조지방 1.16%, 조섬유 1.01% 그리고 회분이 0.38%로 감소하는 반면 가용성무질소물은 미곡의 심부로 갈수록 많은 양을 함유하여 백미에서는 75.54%이었다. 2. 납, 아연, 니켈, 카드뮴, 비소는 9분도층>7분도층>현미층>백미 순으로 그 함량이 감소하였으며, 백미에서는 납 0.258ppm$(0.054{\sim}0.610)$, 아연 14.209ppm$(9.830{\sim}19.063)$, 니켈 0.838ppm$(trace{\sim}1.776)$, 카드뮴 0.019ppm$(trace{\sim}0.036)$, 비소 0.072ppm$(ND{\sim}0.170)$으로 함량이 급격히 줄었다. 3. 구리의 함량은 9분도층$(0.851{\sim}1.476ppm)$, 철은 현미층$(27.971{\sim}66.569ppm)$, 수은$(0.006{\sim}0.027)$, 크롬$(1.538{\sim}7.822ppm)$및 망간$(57.371{\sim}179.252ppm)$은 7분도층에서 각각 가장 많았으며, 백미에는 구리 0.504ppm$(0.218{\sim}0.858)$, 수은 0.011ppm$(0.006{\sim}0.027)$, 크롬 0.558ppm$(ND{\sim}1.520)$, 철 5.125ppm$(1.480{\sim}9.573)$이었다.