• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2022

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of increasing supplementation of Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) up to 3.0% replacing 1.6% poultry fat and 0.9% blood plasma for growth performance, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility of diets fed to nursery pigs. Methods: Twenty-four pigs weaned at 24 d of age (initial body weight at 7.2±0.6 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments (n = 8) based on the randomized complete block. The diets with supplementation of YL (0.0%, 1.5%, and 3.0%, replacing poultry fat and blood plasma up to 1.6% and 0.9%, respectively) were fed for 21 d. Feed intake and body weight were recorded at d 0, 10, and 21. Fecal score was recorded at every odd day from d 3 to 19. Pigs were euthanized on d 21 to collect proximal and distal jejunal mucosa to measure intestinal health markers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G. Ileal digesta was collected for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients in diets. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. Results: Supplementation of YL (1.5% and 3.0%) replacing poultry fat and blood plasma did not affect growth performance, fecal score and intestinal health. Supplementation of YL at 1.5% did not affect nutrient digestibility, whereas supplementation of YL at 3.0% reduced AID of dry matter (40.2% to 55.0%), gross energy (44.0% to 57.5%), crude protein (52.1% to 66.1%), and ether extract (50.8% to 66.9%) compared to diets without supplementation. Conclusion: Yarrowia lipolytica can be supplemented at 1.5% in nursery diets, replacing 0.8% poultry fat and 0.45% blood plasma without affecting growth performance, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility. Supplementation of YL at 3.0% replacing 1.6% poultry fat and 0.9% blood plasma did not affect growth performance and intestinal health, whereas nutrient digestibility was reduced.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.241-255
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• 1975

This experiment was conducted to observe the effects of fermented feed by Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger on the improvement of feed value and the effect of fermented feed additive for meat production of broiler. The results of fermented feed on the improvement of feed value were as follows; I; The effects of fermented feed value improvement were as follaws; 1) There were little difference between fermented feeds by Asp. oryzae and Asp. niger, compared with wheat bran, crude protein contents of Koji was highly increased and its nitrogen free extract and crude fat contents were decreased, but crude fiber and ash were little difference. 2) Total amino acids were highly increased as to fermented feeds but proline in Asp. niger koji feed, and proline and valine in Asp. oryzae koji feed were decreased and other amino acid were increased 2) The effect of fermented feeds on meat production of broiler were as follows; 1) Fermented feeds groups appeared higher weight (p<0.01)than weight of control on end of experimental period, but little difference were recognized between 5% and 10% fermented feed groups. 2) On the weight gain per day, highly significant were recognized(p<0.05) between control and test groups, 10% Asp. oryzae koji group was highest ($12.15{\pm}0.46g$) between all groups. 3) On the yield of carcass, there were significant highly difference (p<0.01) between control and test groups but little difference were recognized between each of 5% groups and 10% groups of fermented feeds. 4) Fermented feed groups appeared higher carcass yield (p (0<0.05) than control. But between all fermented feed groups were a little difference in partly. 5) On the influence of fowl meat composition, amount of moisture contents was a little decrease in fermented feed groups, and crude protein and crude fat were increased. 6) Feed conversion rate resulted a little amount decreasing. Specially, 10% Asp oryzae koji group was lowest (2.89) compare with control (3.35) 3. As a result of economical analysis appeared highest low income in koji groups. Low income were more gained percent of 40.22 in 10% Asp oryzae koji and 33.19 in 10% Asp. niger koji than control.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2003

Chemical properties and physiological activities of the freeze-dried synnemata of Beauveria bassiana were examined. A proximate analysis showed that the synnemata consisted mainly of carbohydrate (49.86%), protein 11.36%), and a moisture content of 30.64%. It contained a low amount of crude ash (4.76%) and fat (3.38%). The carbohydrate was composed mainly of mannose (52.3%), galactose (31.5%), glucose (13.2%), and rhamnose (3%). Trace amounts of arabinose, xylose, and fructose were present. Major amino acids In the synnemata were glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid, arginine, threonine, alanine, valine, leucine, lysine, and aspartic acid with the amounts of 30.42, 25.22, 17.17, 15.12, 12.65, 15.23, 12.47, 11.47, 14.24, and 17.17 mg/g, respectively. Among extracts from the synnemata, the hot-water extract showed 67% of anticomplementary activity compared to that of the positive control, followed by ethyl acetate extract (17%) and methanol extract (15%). The hot-water extract also had anticoagulant activity with 55 sec of coagulating time and this fraction exhibited the most potent Intestinal immune system modulating activity. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibitory activity (25%) on the 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-induced superoxide ($O_2^-$) generation, followed by hot-water extract (18%) and ethyl acetate extract (10%). The data in the present study indicate that the extract of Beauveria bassiana synnemata contains some healthful chemical ingredients and it could provide beneficial physiological activities. These features of the synnemata should be of interest to the food industry as well as other industrial fields.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1622-1626
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• 2008

우리나라에 널리 분포하고 있는 연은 식용뿐만이 아니라 민간치료제로도 널리 이용되어져 왔다. 특히 연잎은 오랫동안 사찰에서 차와 술 등으로 제조되어 음용돼 왔으나 이에 대한 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 연잎의 성분분석 및 항산화 활성 등의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 건조한 연잎을 분석한 결과 탄수화물 63.8%, 단백질 16.9%, 지질 1.0%, 조회분 9.3%였다. 엽류 중 녹차와 비교했을 경우 단백질함량은 비교적 낮았고 탄수화물, 지방, 회분의 함량은 높았다. 비타민, 무기질 등 미량성분 분석결과를 녹차와 비교한 결과 비타민과 무기질은 큰 차이를 보여주지 않았으나 칼슘의 함량이 2.2%로 녹차에 비해 20배 이상 높았다. 연잎으로부터 효과적으로 기능성 물질을 추출하기 위해 다양한 용매로 고형분 함량, 총 페놀함량, 항산화력을 측정하였다. 비교실험결과 70% ethanol 추출물을 사용할 때 가장 높은 추출수율인 0.11%를 나타냈다. 또한 용매별 추출물의 총 페놀함량과 free radical 소거능을 측정해 비교한 결과 70% ethanol을 용매로 사용하였을 경우 가장 큰 효과를 나타냈다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1437-1442
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• 2004

In this study, lotus root(Nelumbo nucifera G.) and omija(Schizandrae fructus), which have been used in oriental medicine and folks remedy, were examined to apply to functional foods. We prepared yanggaeng with lotus root, sugar, oligosaccharide, agar, omija extract solution and analyzed the nutritional composition(moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fiber, carbohydrate, free sugar and minerals). Also we investigated texture profile and evaluated sensory characteristics of developed yanggaengs and 8 commercial ones. Potassium and crude fiber contents of yanggaeng with lotus root were higher than the commercial yanggaengs. Cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess of lotus root yanggaeng were the same levels of commercial yanggaengs. Sensory evaluation with the ones, showed that the lotus yanggaeng was more desirable than the commercial ones. Yanggaeng with lotus had good scores in texture profile and sensory evaluation compared with commercial yanggaengs. These results demonstrated that lotus root hadsufficient values to use a foodstuff for yanggaeng.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to investigated the changes in proximate composition, pH, thiobarbituric acid value(TBA) and fatty acid composition of pure jemsosojoo added medicinal herbs(JMH) and medicinal herbs (MH) during sotrage perid (30days) at 4$^{\circ}C$. Three black goat with 18-19 kg live weight were slaughtered to obtain samples from extracts. The results were as follows ; moisture, crude protein , crude fat content of PJ were higher than other treatment , but ash content in MH was higher than others. Chemical composition did not affect storage period. the ph of the PJ was ranged from 6.47-6.57 , the JMH was ranged from 5.05-5.09, the MH was ranged from 4.68-4.70. The pH of MH was lower than other treatment . The TBA value of all treatment were gradually increased during storage period. Oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid were major fatty acids of the PK and the JMH, Especially, linolenic acid and linolenic acid content were higher in the JMH than those of the PJ. Lipid oxidation tend to be delayed with the addition medicinal herbs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1629-1634
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• 2008

A trial was conducted to determine the effect of low crude protein (CP) diets with constant metabolizable energy to crude protein (ME:CP) ratio on growth, body composition and nutrient utilization of broiler chicks from 1 to 26 days of age. Four dietary treatments having four levels of CP and ME as 23, 22, 21 and 20% and 3,036, 2,904, 2,772 and 2,640 kcal/kg, respectively, were formulated and a ME:CP ratio of 132 was maintained in all the diets. Digestible lysine was maintained at 1.10 of the diet. A total of 1,760 day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were randomly divided into 16 experimental units and each diet was offered to four experimental units at random. Feed intake was increased (p<0.05) while weight gain and feed conversion ratio were adversely affected (p<0.05) when the diets with low CP and ME were fed to broilers. Total protein intake and total ME intake were linearly decreased (p<0.05) and protein efficiency ratio and energy efficiency ratio were lower (p<0.05) than in the chicks fed dietary regimen with 22% CP and 2,904 kcal/kg ME. The whole body analysis of the birds revealed that chicks fed the lowest dietary regimens retained less (p<0.05) nitrogen and more ether extract than chicks fed the control diet, however, body dry matter, total body ash and fat free body protein were not affected. Similarly, protein and energy utilization were also unaffected by the dietary treatments. In summary, chicks fed low CP diets with constant ME:CP ratio grew slower, used feed less efficiently and retained less protein and more body fat than chicks fed the control diet.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.501-505
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• 2003

프로폴리스를 이용하여 새로운 기능성 식품을 개발하기 위하여 프로폴리스 원괴와 그 추출물의 화학성분에 대하여 조사하였다. 일반성분은 조지방 86.41%, 가용성 무질소물 7.32%, 조단백질 2.71%, 회분 1.05% 및 조섬유 0.20%로 나타났다. 프로폴리스에 함유되어 있는 주요 무기성분은 Na(120.40 mg%), Ca(115.40 mg%) 및 K(105.87 mg%) 순으로 나타났으며, Ca 함량은 알콜 추출물보다 물 추출물에서 높게 나타났다. 유리당은 총 3종이 분리, 동정되었으며, 그 중 sucrose가 152 mg%로 높게 나타났고, glucose 114 mg% 및 fructose 6 mg%로 함유되어 있었다. 프로폴리스에 함유되어 있는 주요 아미노산으로는 lysine, cystine 및 glutamic acid로 나타났으며, 그 함량은 각각 395.29 mg%, 267.66 mg% 및 248.14 mg%로 나타났다. 지방산은 총 8종이 분리되었으며, 주요 지방산으로는 oleic acid (51.89%), myristic acid (20.86%) 및 palmitic acid (20.28%)로 나타났다. 프로폴리스의 flavonol 화합물을 분석한 결과 myricetin, quercetin, apigenin 및 kaempferol이 주요 flavonol화합물로 나타났으며, 총 flavonoid 함량은 다른 추출물보다 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 프로폴리스에 함유되어 있는 polyphenol 성분들은 gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin 및 epicatechin gallate로 확인되었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 최근 사회적으로 요구되고 있는 LOHAS 컨셉에 적용 기능한 한방 재료를 소스에 응용하고자 다양한 효능, 효과의 기능성 이 입증된 오미자를 간장을 주재료로 한 소스인 불고기 소스에 첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 소스의 물리적, 관능적 평가를 통해 기능성이 향상된 소스를 입증하고자 비교 분석한 결과이다. 일반성분 분석 결과 오미자 첨가량이 증가할수록 수분 함량, 조회분, 조단백질은 낮아졌고, 조지방은 검출되지 않았으며, 색도에서 L값은 첨가량 증가 시 점점 높아졌으며, 적색도를 나타내는 a값은 오미자 착즙액 첨가량이 증가할수록 높아졌다. 오미자 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH, 염도가 낮아지는 경향을 보였고, 점도는 이와 반대로 높아지는 결과를 보였다. 오미자 불고기 소스만을 가지고 정량적 묘사 분석에서는 오미자 첨가량이 증가할수록 색, 향, 맛, 후미는 강하다고 평가되었고, 기호도 검사 결과 모든 항목에서 5% 첨가 소스가 가장 선호하였다. 오미자불고기의 정량적 묘사분석 결과, 오미자 착즙액 첨가량이 증가할수록 색의 강도 소스의 향, 오미자의 맛 정도가 강하다고 평가되었고, 누린내, 짠맛, 단맛, 누린맛이 약하다고 평가되었다. 본 연구를 종합해 보면 대조군을 비롯하여 5가지의 시료를 첨가량을 달리한 결과 5%의 첨가군을 가장 선호하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이와 같은 결과는 기존의 간장 불고기 소스에 다른 과일즙을 첨가하여도 좋을 것으로 사료되며, 지속적으로 개발할 필요성이 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1980

Broiler에 있어서 대두유의 처리공정중에서 부산물로 생산되는 Lecithin의 사료적가치에 관한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Lecithin의 일반성분 무기성분 비타민 그리고 총에너지를 측정하였다. 2. Lecithin을 Broiler 후기사료에 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%까지 첨가하여도 병아리의 증체량에는 대조구와 유의차가 없었다. 3. 사료섭취량에 있어서는 대조구 Lecithin 3%, 6%, 9%의 처리간에는 유의차가 없었으나 12%구는 6%, 9%구에 비해 유의적으로 많았다. (P＜0.05) 4. 사료요구율에 있어서도 각 처리구간 유의차가 없었으나 Lecithin 9%구가 2.32로서 요구율이 가장 낮았고 그 다음이 Lecithin 6%구의 2.40,3%구의 2.41의 순이었다. 5. 도체성적에 있어서 도체의 수분함량은 71.2-72.5%로서 처리간 유의차가 없었고 조단백질 함량은 15.93-16.45, 조지방의 함량은 6.19-7.05%였다. 6. 복지방함량은 42.4-63.7g으로 Lecithin 첨가구가 약간 낮은 경향을 나타냈으며 간중량도 처리간 유의차가 없었다. 간지방중량은 2.2-2.4g정도로서 처리간 유의차는 없었으나 Lecithin 첨가구가 약간 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 7. 이상의 시험결과 대두유 부산물인 Lecithin은 Energy 사료로서 우수하였다.