• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.230-236
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• 2018

Objective: Two ex vivo experiments were conducted to verify the effect of barley grain (Nusrat cultivar) treated with alkaline compounds (AC) including alum, ammonium, and sodium hydroxide or cation-exchanged organic extracts (OE) prepared from alfalfa hay, sugar beet pulp and Ulva Fasciata, on extent and digestion of starch. Methods: In the first study, the in vitro first order disappearance kinetic parameters of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and starch were estimated using a non-linear model ($D_{(t)}=D_{(i)}{\cdot}e^{(-k_d{\cdot}time)}+I$, where: $D_{(t)}$ = potentially digestible residues at any time, $D_{(i)}$ = potentially digestible fraction at any time, $k_d$ = fractional rate constant of digestion (/h), I = indigestible fraction at any time). In the second experiment, the ruminal and post-ruminal disappearance of DM, CP, and starch were determined using in situ mobile nylon bag. Results: Barley grains treated with alum and alfalfa extract had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.11 and 0.09/h) than others. Barley grain treated with OE had a higher constant rate of CP digestion and that of treated with AC had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.08 and 0.11/h) compared with those of the other treatments. The indigestible fraction of starch treated with alum and sugar beet pulp extract was higher than that of the control group (0.24 and 0.25 vs 0.21). Barley grain treated with AC and OE had significant CP disappearance in the rumen, post-rumen and total tract, and also starch disappearance for post-rumen and total tract compared with the untreated (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that AC and OE might have positive effects on the starch degradation of the barley grain. In addition, treating barley grain with alum and sugar beet pulp extract could change the site and extend digestion of protein and starch.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.738-744
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• 2017

Effect of dietary inclusion of microalgae, diatom-dominant, oil extracts (MOE) on growth, body composition and shell color of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus was investigated. One thousand four hundred and seventy juvenile abalone were distributed into 21 plastic rectangular containers. Seven experimental diets were prepared: MOE0, MOE0.01, MOE0.05, MOE0.1, MOE0.5, MOE1 and MOE2 diets containing MOE at the concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2% at the expense of mixture of squid liver and soybean oils, respectively. The experimental diets were fed to abalone in triplicate once a day with a little leftover for 16 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate of abalone fed the MOE1 and MOE2 diets were higher than those of abalone fed the all other diets. The shell length and soft body weight of abalone fed the MOE2 diet were longer and heavier than those of abalone fed the all other diets. Crude protein and ash content of the soft body of abalone were affected by dietary inclusion of MOE. The shell color of abalone fed the all experimental diets was different from that of wild abalone. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of MOE improved growth of abalone, but did not shell color of abalone.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.415-422
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• 2016

In this research, the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the hot water extract (HE) and methanol extract (ME) of the Coriolus versicolor fruiting body and their partial bioactivities were investigated from March, 2015 to February, 2016. For the analysis of the data, the software used was SPSS 2.0. The results indicate that the total polyphenol content in the HE (129.60 mg/dl) was 85,8 mg/dl higher than that in the ME (43.80 mg/dl). The total flavonoid content in the HE (30.50 mg/dl) was 9.5 mg/dl higher than that in the ME (20.90 mg/dl). The DPPH scavenging activities of the HE and ME at a concentration of 3 mg/ml were 41.03% and 16.36% higher than those at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the HE and ME at a concentration of 3 mg/ml were 8.29% and 10.32% higher than those at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The elastase inhibitory activities of the HE and ME at a concentration of 3 mg/ml were 3.12% and 21.53% higher than those at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The collagenase inhibitory activities of the HE and ME at a concentration of 3 mg/ml were 5.44% and 4.07% higher than those at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. In conclusion, these two kinds of extracts are judged to be useful as skin wrinkle relaxants, due to their anti-oxidative and bioactive functions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.823-830
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• 1999

The suppressing effects of crude extracts of three Korean teas, persimmon leaf tea extract (PLTE), green tea extract (GTE) and oolong tea extract (OTE), were studied on the induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. When cells were treated with tea extract after mitomycin C (MMC) treatment, the frequency of MMC-induced SCEs were decreased at the high concentration $(1000\;{\mu}g/mL)$ of PLTE in the presence of S9 mix and at low concentrations $(20{\sim}80\;{\mu}g/mL)$ of PLTE in the absence of S9 mix, Whereas GTE and OTE showed suppressing effects on the MMC-induced SCEs at low concentrations $(10{\sim}20\;{\mu}g/mL)$ for OTE and $160\;{\mu}g/mL$ for GTE only in the presence of S9 mix. MMC-induced SCEs were decreased by post-treatment with each tea extracts with S9 mix in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. These results suggest that PLTE, GTE and OTE could have bio antimutagenic activities, and also suggest that PLTE might have unknown antimutagenic components which would be responsible for the inhibitory effect against direct acting mutagenicity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.701-707
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• 2007

Anti-diabetic effect of Platycodi radix (PR) extract fractions was determined if vitro by investigating insulin-like action, insulin sensitizing action, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, gene expression related to ${\beta}-cell$ function and mass, and ${\alpha}$-glucoamylase suppressing action. Insulin-like activity was not promoted by the treatment of PR methanol factions in 373-L1 fibroblast. However, treatment with 0, 20 and 100% PR methanol fractions along with 1 ng/mL insulin increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 373-L1 adipocytes. In addition, the treatment of 0% and 100% methanol fractions along with differentiation inducers significantly increased the differentiation of 373-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes. These fractions may contain insulin sensitizer. The 20%, 80% and 100% methanol fractions enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in Min6 cells, insulin secreting cell line. This was related to the mechanism to promote glucose sensing and ${\beta}-cell$ proliferation, which was regulated by the induction of IRS-2, glucokinase and PDX-1 genes. As expected, 20, 80 and 100% methanol fractions increased mRNA levels of IRS-2, glucokinase and PDX-1 genes. However, PR fractions did not affect the ${\alpha}-glucoamylase$ activity in vitro. These data suggested that PR extract fractions have anti-diabetic actions through improving insulin sensitization, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and ${\beta}-cell$ proliferation. Therefore, PR extracts can be beneficial for anti-diabetic treatment in lean diabetic patients.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.619-628
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• 1995

Crude aqueous extracts from dried leaves, stems, roots, and flowers from both field grown and greenhouse grown alfalfa plants inhibited alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth. The degree of inhibition was greater in the field grown plant extracts. Flowers extract of field grown plant most inhibited alfalfa germination and seedling growth. In the concentration study, the highest concentration of extract (9.0%, w/v) significantly inhibited total alfalfa seed germination by 50% as compared to control. In partitioning study using pot hydroponic culture of plant biomass into leaves, stems, root, LAR products of LWR and SLA exhibited significant variation among four species. This result support that the inhibitory effect of autotoxic substances presenting in alfalfa tissue may be possible interference with the patitioning of biomass into leaf component relative to the total biomass produced by the alfalfa plant. Toxicity of extract was not reduced by adding activated charcoal, Dowex-50W, amberlite to the extract. Toxic substances existing in most plant tissues but mainly above ground foliage are water soluble and stable and may persist in old alfalfa fields. Thus, it is recommended to remove as much as possible of the above growth parts, especially vegetative stage, before one tries to re-establish alfalfa in former field of alfalfa.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.792-797
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adding various amounts of ingredients on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Bokbunja-jelly. The proximate composition of Bokbunja-jelly was 19.0% for the moisture and 0.8% for the crude protein. The Hunter L-values of Bokbunja-jelly prepared by adding 10 g RME or 120 g sucrose were higher than that of Bokbunja-jelly prepared by adding 20 g RME or 100 g sucrose. The Hunter b-values of Bokbunja-jelly prepared by adding 20 g RME or 120 g sucrose was higher than that of Bokbunja-jelly prepared by adding 10 g RME or 120 g sucrose. The hardness and chewiness were increased with decreasing Rubus coreanus Miquel extracts. According to the results of the sensory evaluation, no significant differences in flavor, sweetness, hardness, elasticity and overall qualities were found. According to the results of physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation, the optimal recipe for preparation of Bokbunja-jelly was determined to be 240 g water, 120 g sugar, 110 g glucose syrup, 4 g agar, 20 g Rubus coreanus Miquel extracts and 0.3 g Rubus coreanus Miquel flavor.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 1998

The present study was performed to analyze the expression of LH genes in the rat ovary. Expression of LH subunit genes in the rat ovary was demonstrated by amplification of ovarian RNA by RT-PCR. The ovarian $LH_\beta$ transcripts contained at least two parts of the published cDNA structure, the pituitary exons 1, 2 and 3 and the part of testicular ex on 1 in the major trancripts form in rat testis. Using RIA, significant amount of LH-like molecules were detected in crude ovarian extracts, and the competition curves with increasing amount of tissue extracts were parallel with those of standard peptide, indicating that the ovarian immunoreactive LH-like material is similar to authentic pituitary LH molecule. The administration of PMSG to immature rats resulted in a sharp decrease of the ovarian LH contents after 24 h post-injection. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that genes for LH subunits are expressed in the rat ovary, and suggest that LH can playa central role in regulation of female reproduction with both endocrine (by pituitary LH) and auto- and/or para-crine (by ovarian LH) manner.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1056-1062
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• 2008

To evaluate the effect of irradiation on restructured pork jerky containing paprika and Japanese apricot extracts, the quality of protein was determined in vitro based on the formation of trypsin indigestible substrate inhibitor (TIS) and the computed protein efficiency ratio (C-PER) as determined based on the protein digestibility and amino acid analysis. In addition, we compared the effects of electron beam irradiation to those of gamma irradiation. Approximately 3% of the moisture content of pork jerky was reduced in response to irradiation with 3kGy administered using an electron beam however, no additional reduction was observed in samples that were subjected to higher doses of irradiation. In addition, there were no notable differences in the crude protein and fat content of pork jerky samples that were subjected to irradiation, regardless of dose. Furthermore, the total amino acids profiles did not change in response to electron beam irradiation. However, the in vitro protein digestibility increased by 7% in response to 3kGy of electron beam irradiation and 5kGy of gamma irradiation, but no significant changes in digestibility were not observed in response to treatment with higher doses. TIS quantified as trypsin inhibitors were formed in response to irradiation using the electron beam (3kGy) and gamma rays (5kGy), although there was a slight reduction in the production of TIS inhibitors in samples irradiated with higher doses. Moreover, only samples irradiated with 10kGy (electron beam and gamma ray) showed higher TBA values than those of the control samples. Finally, the C-PERs $(2.50{\sim}2.60)$ were greater in all of the irradiated pork jerky samples than in the control samples (2.22). Taken together, these results suggest that electron beam irradiation and the incorporation of extracts (paprika and Japanese apricot) may be useful methods of improving the nutritional quality of pork jerky.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2003

In order to investigate the meat tenderizing effects of pear, pineapple and kiwifruit, crude protease was prepared from each fruit and treated with actomyosin in a single manner or mixed type in several combination. Actomyosin was incubated with various proteases for 24 hrs under three different pH condition, and its degrading performance was evaluated by the SDS-PAGE. Pear extract showed an active degrading activity for actomyosin at pH 5.3 and 7.0. But, little actomyosin degradation was observed at pH 8.0. Actomyosin was strongly degraded by the treatment of protease from pineapple at all different pHs(5.3, 7.0 and 8.0). Kiwifruit protease extract has shown actomyosin degradation activity 1hr after treatment at pH 5.3 and pH 7.0. Meanwhile, the mixture of pear and pineapple extracts(l:l, w/w) showed much more degradation than the results of singular manner treatment at pH 5.3 and 7.0. When the pear protease was mixed with kiwifruit protease(l:l, w/w), the performance of actomyosin degradation was similar to the results of each single protease treatment. When the mixture was made of pineapple and kiwifruit extracts, actomyosin degradation was almost the same as the result of treatment of pineapple protease only. When those three proteases were mixed together(l:l:l, w/w/w), actomyosin degrading activities was in time dependent manner at pH 5.3. In summary, pear protease can be used potentially as a meat tenderizer when it was mixed with pineapple or kiwifruit rendering proper tenderization of the meat.