• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1627-1633
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of Codonopsis lanceolata skin as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrients of C. lanceolata skin were measured. On a dry weight basis the contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 24.74, 2.73, 2.96 and 4.84%, and the calories of skin was 266.00 kcal/100 g and total dietary fiber was 64.73%. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 633.40 and 870.72 mg/100 g wet weight basis. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, Mg, and P, suggesting that C. lanceolata skin is alkali material. The EDA of water extract from C. lanceolata skin was 18.28~79.30%, and the activity was dependent on the sample concentration. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents of water extract from C. lanceolata skin were estimated as 24.65 and $6.19\;{\mu}g/g$. The C. lanceolata skin extract showed the highest reducing power (3.5) at the concentration of 25 mg/mL. Based on the above results, we deemed that the C. lanceolata skin might have potential antioxidant activities. The general nutrients and antioxidant bioactive materials in C. lanceolata skin were also potential materials for good health food.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.50-61
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• 2020

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is an important legume species that produces seeds that are rich in phenolic compounds and dietary nutrients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the agricultural characters, phenolic and nutritional contents, and antioxidant capacities of seeds from 82 pigeon pea germplasms cultivated in the Republic of Korea. The accessions exhibited compact (24.39%), semi-spreading (74.39%), or spreading (1.22%) growth habits and determinate (89.02%), indeterminate (8.54%), or semi-determinate (2.44%) flowering patterns. Days to 75% maturity ranged from 30 to 72 d, and yield per plant ranged from 6.00 to 148.60 g. Meanwhile, total phenolic, crude protein, crude fiber, and dietary fiber contents ranged from 16.42 ± 0.62 to 29.67 ± 0.43 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of dried extract, from 16.76 ± 6.74% to 22.61 ± 0.05%, from 4.70 ± 0.24 to 8.63 ± 0.02%, and from 12.98 ± 0.71 to 33.19 ± 1.50%, respectively. In addition, DPPH radical-scavenging capacity ranged from 1.61 ± 0.10 to 16.04 ± 2.30 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g of dried extract, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity ranged from 3.03 ± 0.86 to 42.24 ± 0.72 mg Trolox equivalent per g of dried extract. Phenolic content was correlated with both DPPH radical-scavenging capacity (r = 0.63) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (r = 0.29). Nine accessions (IT170290, IT170291, IT170270, IT170276, IT170379, IT170386, IT170388, IT170418, and IT170340) exhibited early maturity, compact and erect growth habits, and above average antioxidant activities and phenolic and protein contents. In addition, accessions IT170290 and IT170291 were especially promising pigeon pea germplasms to grow, owing to various favorable characteristics (e.g., high yield and dietary fiber content). Hence, these accessions could be useful cultivars to the Republic of Korea if considered in future agricultural systems.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1992

Antioxidative effects of crude ethanol extract of the Rhus javanica L. and its fractionates with various synergists on the oxidation of palm oil, lard and soybean oil were compared with induction period(IP) using a Rancimat test. Addition of 200 ppm of the crude extract with phosphoric acid to palm oil extended IP 2.89 times as much as that of control and ethyl acetate fractionate extended IP 4.18 times at the same condition. To lard, 600 ppm of chloroform fraction with 200 ppm of ${\delta}-Tocopherol$ extended IP 13.42 times as much as that of control. 200 ppm of each fraction with various synergists were added to palm oil and lard, and oxidative stability of the oils were monitored by measuring POV, AV, and TBA value. The POV of palm oil containing 200 ppm of ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction with 200 ppm of phosphoric acid after 27 days storage at $60^{\circ}C$ were 8.9 meq/kg and 9.4 meq/kg respectively while the POV of control was 98.3 meq/kg at the same condition. AV and TBA value were also lower than that of control. The POV value of lard containing same amount of ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction with ${\delta}-Tocopherol$ after 12 day storage at $60^{\circ}C$ were 20.0meq/kg and 10.7 meq/kg respectively while the POV of control was 161.1 meq/kg at the same condition. AV and TBA value were also lower than that of control.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate extract from mixed culture with Trichloloma matsutake mycelium in oriental medicine and cereal medium(OCM) to develop new material for pharmaceutical products and medicinal food for diabetes mellitus. To evaluate of hypoglycemic activity of OCM extracts, we examined the inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidasein OCM, blood glucose level and liver function of streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rat. Experimental group was divided into 6 groups: first, it was divided into normal control group(hereafter NC group) and diabetes-induced group, and diabetes-induced group was subdivided into diabetic control group(DC group), treated by hot water extracts group(HE), ultra sonic waves, micro waves, and micro bubble extracts g roup(UE), crude polysaccharide of HE group (HEE) and crude polysaccharide of UE group(UEE) at a dose of 300mg/kg/body weight, respectively. In diabetic-induced groups, after streptozotocin was melted in 0.01M citrate buffer at 50mg/kg/body weight, when the non-fasting blood glucose levelwas 300 mg/dl or more in blood collected from the tail vein, it was regarded as diabetic induction and then such diabetic-induced experimental animals were used in this experiment. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose level increased by 4.19% in DC group but significantly decreased by 32.34%, 19.19%, 17.81% and 17.64%, respectively in UEEE, UE, HE, and HEE groups. In the cases of AST, ALT, and ALP, the experiment group treated with extracts showed significantly lowerblood glucose level than DC group. The levels of BUN and uric acid were found to be lower in the UMPM extract group(UE) than HW extract group(HE), which implies that herb medicine medium extracts in which Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured are effective in reducing impaired liver function as well as high blood glucose level caused by diabetes. In addition, the administration of low temperature UMPM extracts was found to produce better results than that of high temperature hot water extracts. In this regard, it is expected that extracts from herb medicine obtained by cultivating Tricholoma matsutake mycelia will be widely used as new ingredients for foods and medicines for prevention and treatment of diabetes.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.640-646
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• 2003

The effect of inhibition on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation by methanol extracts from 6 kinds of citrus seed (Citrus sunki, Citrus natsudaidai, Citrus sulcata, Citrus tangerina, Citrus grandis and Citrus obovoidea) were investigated. The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, ash, flavonoid and total phenol in citrus seeds were 4∼6, 11∼15, 32∼46, 22∼45, 2∼4%, 12∼24mg% and 53∼133mg%, respectively. The solid contents and yield of citrus seed extracts were 0.8∼1.0 and 0.7 ∼ 1.1%, respectively. Nitrite-scavenging activity by methanol extracts from citrus seeds increased with increasing extract dosage. Furthermore, the nitrite scavenging activity was pH dependent being the highest at pH 1.2 (42.7∼96.9%) and the lowest at pH 6.0 (19.9-62.6%). Scavenging effects of nitrite by reaction time showed high effects under 3hr reaction time. The inhibition effect of NDMA formation by the citrus seed was strengthened as the amount of extract increased. The inhibition rate of methanol extracts from citrus seeds on NDMA formation showed 1.2∼39.8%, 21.3∼60.1% and 47.4∼94.0%, according to add 1, 3 and 5$m\ell$, respectively. Therefore, the inhibition effect of NDMA formation by the citrus seed was strengthened as the concentration of extract increased.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.330-341
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• 2018

This study was performed to investigate and measure the antimicrobial activity of evergreen woody species extracts on Trichophyton mentagrophytes. To do this, leaves and stems were collected from Wando and Jeju islands, and were used for the extraction with different solvents (i.e., distilled water, 80% ethanol, and 100% methanol), and at different ultrasonic extracting times (i.e., 15, 30, and 45 minutes). The experiment was conducted by using the agar diffusion method. The clear zone was measured after incubating the paper disc containing the plant extract in a bacterial culture medium. The controls were synthetic antimicrobials, methylparaben and phenoxyethanol, at concentrations of 0.4, 1, 2, and 4 mg/disc. Altogether, extracts of 56 out of 64 species used in this study had inhibitory activity, which confirmed their antimicrobial activity against Athlete's foot. Among them, the crude ethanolic extract of Elaeocarpus sylvestris in 45 min showed a zone of inhibition < 20.2 mm, while the clear zone of Actinodaphne lancifolia ethanolic extraction for 30 min was 23.5 mm. Also, Quercus acuta, Dendropanax morbiferus and Daphne odora showed clear zones of 28.0 mm (45 minutes ethanolic extraction), 20.5 mm (45 minutes crude methanolic extraction) and 19.7 mm (45 minutes methanolic extraction), respectively. Thus, these results confirm that the extracts of evergreen woody species have therapeutic potential against Athlete's foot, and suggest that in order to extract adequate amounts of antimicrobial substance from the plant sources, ideal extraction condition has to be considered.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 1976

Forty one samples from thirty three species of algae (19 from 15 species of Rhodophyceae, 18 from 14 species of Phaeophyceae, 3 from 3 species of Chlorophyceae, and 1 of marine Phanerogams) collected from several locations on the east, west and south coast of Korea, were analyzed for their contents of crude protein, fat, cellulose, ash, nitrogen free extract, amino nitrogen, and total amino acids. For the examination of extractability of algal protein with water, 4 species of algae, Sargassum thunberggi, Grateloupia filicina, Phyllospadix japonica, and Sargassum confusum, were analyzed. And the effect of some precipitation treatments for isolation of algal protein was also tested. As a matter of fact, Rhodophyceae showed high content in crude protein and low in crude fat while the case was opposite for Phaeophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Refering to the content of crude protein and total amino acids, the recommendable algae for protein sources were Sargassum thunbergii, Acrosorium flabellata, Phacelocarpus japonicus, Laurencia okamurai, Laurencia intermedia, Grateloupia filicina, Chondrus ocellatus, Gloiopeltis furcata, Gigartina tenella, Dictyota dichotoma, and Scytosiphon lomentaria. Methanol treatment appeared most effective in precipitation isolation of protein from water extracts whereas pH control method did not so beneficial. The precipitation rate of protein was particularity higher in the extract of Sargassum confusum ana the lowest was makted from the extract of Sargassum thunbergii.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2016

Biologically stabilized gold nanoparticles were synthesized from the flower aqueous extract of T. divaricata. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Zeta sizer, FTIR and TEM analysis. T. divaricata reduced gold nanoparticles having particle size and potential of 106.532 nm and -10.2 mV, respectively, with a characteristic peak of 550 nm in UV-visible spectrophotometer. FTIR graph after comparison between the crude flower extract and gold nanoparticles showed three major shifts in the functional groups. The morphology and size of the gold nanoparticles were examined by HRTEM analysis, which showed that most of the nanoparticles were nearly spherical with size of 100 nm. The gold nanoparticles synthesized demonstrated potent anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell line. The findings conclude that the antioxidant molecule present in T. divaricata may be responsible for both reduction and capping of gold nanoparticles which possess potential applications in medicine and pharmaceutical fields.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3569-3573
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• 2013

Aim: Pendulous monkshood root is traditionally used for the treatment of several inflammatory pathologies such as rheumatisms, wounds, pain and tumors in China. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities and the mechanism of crude ethanol extract of pendulous monkshood root (EPMR) were evaluated and investigated in vitro. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effects of EPMR on different tumor cell lines were determined by the MTT method. Cell apoptosis and cell nucleus morphology were assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) levels and intracellular oxidative stress in peritoneal macrophages were determined to further elucidate mechanisms of action. Results: The data showed that EPMR could produce significant dose-dependent toxicity on three kinds of tumor cells. Furthermore, EPMR displayed obvious anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages at the dosage of 4 - 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Pendulous Monkshood Root on cancer and inflammatory diseases. Conclusion: Our results indicate that EPMR has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, suggesting that pendulous monkshood root may be a useful anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory reagent in the clinic.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 1995

A crude crystal of phytoecdysone was obtained 355 mg per Kg dry radix of A. japonica, and it was identified to $\beta$-ecdysone by TLC. Feeding silkworms on mulberry leaves sprayed with the extract, mounting time shortened and pupation ratio improved. The feeding effects of the extract was differed according to the rearing seasons, spring and summer. In spring season, only mounting time shortened without any difference in pupation ratio from the control. In summer season, not only mounting time shortened, but also pupation ratio remarkably advanced.