• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2019

Lauraceae is a family medicinal plant whose tubers possesses antimicrobial, and cytotoxic, such as antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory special effects and has been used for the medicine in the cure of hepatitis and rheumatism. The antimicrobial activities of bioactive compounds including one neolignan; kunstlerone (1) and two alkaloids include isocaryachine (2) and noratherosperminine (3) as well as crude hexane, methanol and dichloromethane extracts were evaluated. Additionally, the effect of compounds 1, 2 and 3 were evaluated on A549, PC-3, A375, HT-29 and WRL-68 cell lines. In conclusion, kunstlerone 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines such as A549, PC-3, A375, HT-29 and WRL-68, respectively with $EC_{50}$ values of 28.02, 26.78, 33.78, 33.65 and $16.46{\mu}g/mL$. The crude methanol extract showed antigrowth activity against S. pyogenes II and B. cereus, with MICs of $256{\mu}g/mL$. The compounds kunstlerone (1), isocaryachine (2) and noratherosperminine (3) showed complete inhibition against P. shigelloides, with MIC ${\leq}60{\mu}g/mL$ compare to ampicillin, as a positive control, which showed antigrowth activity against P. shigelloides at MIC $10{\mu}g/mL$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.823-830
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• 1999

The suppressing effects of crude extracts of three Korean teas, persimmon leaf tea extract (PLTE), green tea extract (GTE) and oolong tea extract (OTE), were studied on the induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. When cells were treated with tea extract after mitomycin C (MMC) treatment, the frequency of MMC-induced SCEs were decreased at the high concentration $(1000\;{\mu}g/mL)$ of PLTE in the presence of S9 mix and at low concentrations $(20{\sim}80\;{\mu}g/mL)$ of PLTE in the absence of S9 mix, Whereas GTE and OTE showed suppressing effects on the MMC-induced SCEs at low concentrations $(10{\sim}20\;{\mu}g/mL)$ for OTE and $160\;{\mu}g/mL$ for GTE only in the presence of S9 mix. MMC-induced SCEs were decreased by post-treatment with each tea extracts with S9 mix in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. These results suggest that PLTE, GTE and OTE could have bio antimutagenic activities, and also suggest that PLTE might have unknown antimutagenic components which would be responsible for the inhibitory effect against direct acting mutagenicity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 1991

A CRD experiment with thirty growing cross bred calves were assigned at random to three treatments rations. 1) $T_0$, 0% Urea + 20% M. O. cake, 2) $T_1$, 1% Urea + 10% M. O. cake and 3) $T_2$, 2% Urea + 0% M. O. cake to develop a rice straw based ration for ruminants. Sweetish odour and yellowish colour were observed in good recovered silage. Organic matter varied from 87.45% to 89.63% whereas crude protein varied from 14.0% to 14.5% in each treatment. No significant differences were found among the nutrient composition of the ration. The dry matter in take (DMI) and dry matter digestibility was higher in $T_0$ (0% Urea) than those of ration containing 1% ($T_1$) and 2% Urea ($T_2$). The organic matter digestibility decreases with increasing doses of urea. The crude protein & nitrogen-free-extract digestibility were found higher in the ration $T_1$ containing 1% urea whereas crude fibre digestibility and available metabolizable energy (ME) were higher in $T_0$ containing no urea as compared to $T_1$ and $T_2$. Total digestible nutrient (TDN) decreases with the increase of urea level. The highest feed efficiency was found in $T_0$ having no urea and lowest was in $T_2$. The animals gained in weights from each ration. Highest gain in weight was found in $T_0$ ration, then followed $T_1$, and $T_2$. This is due to natural protein available in M. O. cake only. It is concluded that supplemetation of urea or M. O. cake with readily available energy source as molasses upto 20% of total dietary dry matter in a complete ration may increase the intake of low quality fibrous roughage only when nitrogen and mineral are not limiting factor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1430-1433
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• 2004

A study was conducted to determine the effect of different alkali treatments on changes in chemical composition and on degradability of bagasse and rice straw. This study divided into 2 experiments, the first with bagasse and the second with rice straw. Each experiment comprised 9 treatments which included: untreated control; 3% NaOH; 6% NaOH; 3% urea; 6% urea; 3% NaOH/3% urea; 3% NaOH/6% urea; 6% NaOH/3% urea; 6% NaOH/6% urea. In both experiments, crude protein contents were increased from 2.0 to 12.5 units for bagasse and 3.1 to 13.7 units for rice straw by urea treatments. Ash contents of the treated bagasse and rice straw were increased over the untreated control (1.5-9.7 units for bagasse; 4.2-8.8 units for rice straw). The effects on ether extract, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of the treated bagasse and rice straw were variable. Nylon bag degradability of dry matter and crude fiber were increased by treatments applying NaOH and NaOH plus urea but not urea alone. In contrast, the egradability of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were reduced compared with the untreated control. From these degradability studies, it can be concluded that the most efficient treatments of bagasse were those treatments with 6% NaOH, followed by treatments with 6% NaOH plus 3% or 6% urea and 3% NaOH plus 3% or 6% urea, respectively. However, when comparison was made on the cost of chemical used to treat the agricultural by-products, particularly in case of rice straw, 3-6% urea would be appropriate.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.851-862
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the proximate composition and antioxidative activities of young barley leaf(YBL). YBL powder(all w/w) was 2.98% moisture, 17.13% crude protein, 4.00% crude fat, 10.72% crude ash, and 65.17% carbohydrate. The contents of total, insoluble, and soluble dietary fiber were $36.62{\pm}2.33$, $19.05{\pm}1.04$, and $17.57{\pm}1.01g/100g$, respectively. The essential and non-essential amino acids contained in the YBL powder accounted for 46.56% and 53.44% of the total amino acids, respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acid was linolenic acid. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was 4.84. Only tartaric acid was detected. The contents of vitamins A, C, and E were 0.761, 398.05, and 0.936 mg%, respectively. The mineral contents of YBL powder were in the order of Na$IC_{50}$ value for the DPPH radical scavenging of the YBL ethanol extract was $365.74{\pm}6.98mg/mL$. The antioxidative index was high and was similar to that of t-butylated hydroxytouene. These results suggest that YBL can be recommended as a baby vegetable of high nutritional quality and antioxidative properties.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.485-492
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• 2018

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding a diet supplemented with swine hair protein (SHP) on the nutrient digestibility of Korean native chickens and their egg production as well as on egg quality. In experiment 1, twenty roosters of the Hanhyup-3 strain were assigned to an individual cage to give 10 replicates per treatment (i.e., 0 and 10% of SHP), and the nutrient digestibility in response to the SHP supplementation was measured. In experiment 2, fifty-four layers of the Hy-Line strain were assigned to an individual cage to give 27 replicates per treatment (i.e., 0 and 10% of SHP), and egg production and egg quality were measured. In experiment 1, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and crude fiber in response to the diet supplemented with SHP. In experiment 2, although no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found with the dietary treatments, the 10% SHP supplemented diet decreased (p < 0.05) the feed intake of laying hens. However, the SHP supplemented diet did not affect (p > 0.05) the laying rate, egg weight and feed conversion ratio of those fed the diet. Eggshell thickness and yolk color decreased (p < 0.05); however, eggshell strength, eggshell color, albumen height and Haugh units increased (p < 0.05) by feeding layers a diet supplemented with SHP. In conclusion, the results suggest that 10% SHP supplemented in a poultry diet could be a useful protein source.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.485-491
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• 2009

In order to examine the nutritional value of prickly pear(Opuntia humifusa), contents of ash, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins were determined on freeze-dried stem, fruit, seed and root from plants harvested in autumn. The average moisture contents for stem, fruit, seed and root were 67~87%. Crude ash content determined on dry weight basis was 2~3%. Crude protein existed mostly in seed(2.95%) and root(2.37%). Crude fat was detected mainly in seed(4.49%). Contents of major minerals(mg/100 mg dry weight) was generally higher in stem. Ca in stem(4,142.30) and fruit(2,790.86) were much higher than in seed(43.37). P in stem, seed and fruit were 448.19, 263.20 and 161.59, respectively. Stem also displayed more abundant Mg(1,110.86), Zn(35.62) and Mn(37.07). However, fruit contained higher amounts of Fe(13.38) and Se(0.15). Vitamin A was negligible in all plant parts. Vitamin E contents in fruit and stem were 1.78 mg and 1.22 mg/mg dry weight, respectively. Vitamin C was detected mostly in fruit(445.40) and stem(260.94). Use of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-based microtiter assay of cell viability demonstrated an anti-proliferative effect of O. humifusa extract on the MCF-7 estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cell line.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.291-294
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• 1977

Some chemical analysis of brewery's activated sludge were carried out in order to utilize it for animal feed. And results obtained were as follows. 1. Brewery's sludge, sun-dried for 3 days, contained 15.4% of water, 40.47 of crude protein, 4.02% of crude fiber, 13.3% crude ash and 19.4% nitrogen-free extract. 2. Total amino acid content of the brewery's sludge was 38% of its dry basis. The amounts, of all essential amino acids contained except tryptophan was enough for chicken growing and, especially, among the essential amino acids, the contents of leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glycine and serine were two or three times as much as its need. 3. Other minerals contents except Magnesium and Cupper, were considerably low for animal feed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2020

This study investigated the characterization and functionality of Undaria pinnatifida root (UPT) extracts, degraded using a crude enzyme from Shewanella oneidensis PKA1008. To obtain the optimum degrading conditions, the UPT was mixed with alginate degrading enzymes from S. oneidensis PKA 1008 and was incubated at 30℃ for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The alginate degrading ability of these enzymes was then evaluated by measuring the reducing sugar, viscosity, pH and chromaticity. Enzymatic extract at 24 h revealed the highest alginate degrading ability and the lowest pH value. As the incubation time increased, the lightness (L ^⁎) also decreased and was measured at its lowest value, 39.84, at 12 hours. The redness and yellowness increased gradually to 10.27 at 6 h and to 63.95 at 3 h, respectively. Moreover, the alginate oligosaccharides exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. These results indicate that a crude enzyme from S. oneidensis PKA 1008 can be used to enhance the polysaccharide degradation of UPT and the alginate oligosaccharides may also enhance the anti-inflammatory effect.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

Maple tree is a useful medical plant for obtaining bioactive materials such as pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food additive, etc., and there are 16 species of native maple trees in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of sap and crude extracts of Acer mono Max, a representative maple species. The crude extracts were obtained by solvent extraction (water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate) from its branches (bark and xylem). The phenolic contents and radical scavenging capacities of the extracts and the sap were evaluated in terms of half maximal effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) and kinetics by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethanol extracts showed the highest extraction yield, phenolic contents and antioxidant activity, and bark extracts showed better antioxidant activity than xylem extracts. The antioxidant activity of the sap was very low, but the $EC_{50}$ of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts ranged from 68 to $79{\mu}g/mL$, similar to that ($60{\mu}g/mL$) of the control, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The DPPH radical scavenging rate ($220{\sim}760{\mu}M/min$) and the second-order reaction rate constant ($6.48{\sim}7.04L/g{\cdot}min$) of these extracts were better than those of BHT ($55{\sim}370{\mu}M/min$ and $3.60L/g{\cdot}min$). These results suggest that A. mono Max. is one of the useful bioresources for obtaining antioxidant biologically active substances, and it is possible to obtain physiologically active substances from by-product of its pruning while minimizing the effect on the growth of the tree.