• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.279-283
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• 1986

The ginseng residue, a by-product of ginseng tea manufacture, was used as growth promoting substance in the submerged cultivation of Basidiomycetes for its effective utilization. Ginseng residue contained about 46％ of total sugar, 14％ of crude protein, 12％ of ash, and 0.16％ of crude saponin. Among inorganic substances in ginseng residue, amount of Mg, Na, K and Ca were much more than other inorganic substances. All ginsenosides existed in red ginseng residue. Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus could be excellently cultured in potato dextrose broth. Most effective additional concentration of residue extract for growth of these fungi was shown to be 0.2％, and the contents of crude protein and amino acid in mycelium were increased when 0.5％ of residue extract were added to the medium.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 1998

This stuffy was carried to establish a new efficient method for the preparation of edible crude ginseng saponin. The conventional butanol extraction and resin adsorption methods were compared for the contents of total crude ginseng saponin and major ginsenosides. Seventy- percent methanol extract was applied to Diaion HP-20 column and the resin was washed with Hn and eluted with absolute methanol. The methanol elute was dried in vivo and analyzed for its ginsenosides. Use of ethanol instead of methanol to make edible crude ginseng saponin gave a similar result. Butanol extraction was performed by the conventional method. The final aqueous layer from butanol extraction was passed through Diaion HP-20 column followed by elution with methanol and Diaion HP-20 passed fraction was extracted with butanol to recover remaining components, respectively, in order to determine saponin loss. TLC and HPLC qualitatively and quantitatively monitored Ginsenosides, respectively. Loss of ginsenosides was higher in butanol extraction method than in Diction HP-20 adsorption method. In addition, saponin fractions prepared by Diction HP-20 adsorption method showed higher content of each ginsenoside, showing 8.2% higher purity than that of butanol extracted fraction. From these results, we propose the resin adsorption method as a new efficient measure for the preparation of crude ginseng saponin, which is edible by using spirit instead of methanol.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.127-130
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate inhibitory effect of extracts from root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ (EC 3. 2. 1. 20) and postprandial hyperglycemia. Methanol extract and organic solvent (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous) fractions from the crude drug were determined for the inhibitory activities against maltase, sucrase and ${\alpha}-amylase$. The methanol extract from the crude drug strongly inhibited maltase (72%) and sucrase (76%) at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. Among the fractions examined, the ethyl acetate fraction from the natural plant drug showed potent inhibitory effects on maltase (85%) and sucrase (81%) at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. The ethyl acetate fraction from root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa also exhibited significant reductions (21%) of blood glucose elevation in mice loaded with maltose.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of antifungal and antibacterial activity of Veratri Herba, which was used as insecticide in the clinical part of oriental dermatology for a long time. Sample herb was selected with Veratrum maackii in the middle of 5 veratrum species. The experimental results of this herb were as follows. Crude extract showed various relative inhibitory rates from 68.9% to 95.6% in 2mg/disc against Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cineria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichiae coli, and Bacillus subtilis on the basis of inhibitory range against B. cineria, and the inhibitory effect was decreased depending on density. In the extract of various organic solvent, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction show the various size of dear zone against all microbes. And in the subfraction assay from ethyl acetate fraction, crude alkaloids show the antibacterial and antifungal effect significantly.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.167-169
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• 2005

Crude extract of bioconverted linoleic acid using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 was evaluated for its antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Crude extract showed antibacterial activity against four Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), S. aureus (KCTC 1916), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19166), and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), and one Gramnegative bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KCTC 2004), with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 750 to $1,500\;{\mu}g{\cdot}ml^{-1}$. S. aureus and B. subtilis were selected for growth inhibition assays with bioconverted linoleic acid. Major antibacterial effects occurred at lag phase.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.385-390
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• 1990

To investigate the effect of ginseng extracts on the changes of flllidity and lysis of liposome reverse phase evaporation vesicle (REV) was employed as model membrane and methylene blue was used as photosensitizer. Fluoresence polarization (P vaule) that represented fluidity of liposome was increased by photooxidation. All of the ginseng saponin inhibited the increasing rate of P value; the order of effect was ginseng water extract>biol saponin>triol saponin>crude saponin. In trapped G-6-P% measurement for lysis of liposome, ginseng water extract and crude saponin promoted the lysis of liposome. Therefore, we thought that ginseng extracts acted as both antioxidant and detergent.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2014

In this study, crude extract of the seagrass Zostera japonica, and its solvent-partitioned fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant activity. The crude extract was successively fractionated into n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water fractions by liquid-liquid partition. These include DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging in HT-1080 cells, peroxynitrite scavenging, and protective effect on DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals generated. In all assays, except for DPPH radical, 85% aq.MeOH and n-BuOH fraction showed the strong antioxidant activity. These results suggest that Z. japonica may be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants for the development of cosmetic product or functional food in the future.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2016

Marine sponges have been a remarkably rich source of pharmacologically active and structurally diverse natural products. As a part of our continuing search for novel secondary metabolites of biomedical importance from marine invertebrate, we encountered the sponge Lipastrotethya sp. from Chuuk, Micronesia. The crude organic extract of this animal exhibited considerable cytotoxicity against the K562 cell line. Guided by the $^1H$ NMR analysis, flash chromatography of the crude extract followed by HPLC yielded a new triterpene glycoside, along with ten known saponins of the sarasinoside class. The structure of this new compound was determined by combined spectroscopic methods such as COSY, HSQC and HMBC experiment. Among these metabolites, six compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against ACHN, MDA-MB-231, NCI-H23 and NUGC-3 cell lines.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the fruits of Ligustrum japonicum. The crude extract was successively fractionated into n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water fractions by means of solvent polarity. The crude extract and its solvent fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant effect by four different assay systems: scavenging power on peroxynitrite and intralcellular ROS produced in HT-1080 cells; DNA oxidation inhibition; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The n-BuOH fraction exhibiting potent antioxidant activity was further purified by C18 silica gel column chromatography and RP-HPLC to give tyrosol (1) and salidroside (2). The structure of isolated compounds was determined by extensive 2 D NMR experiments such as $^1H$ COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC as well as by comparison with the published spectral data.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-97
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• 2004

An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory substance was isolated and purified from Lycium chinense Miller. A crude water extract of Lycium chinense Miller was prepared by adding it to water shaking at $25^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr, followed by centrifugation at 8000 ${\times}$ g for 30 min. The crude extract was then filtered using YM-3 and YM-1 membranes. An ACE inhibitor was isolated using consecutive chromatographic methods including: ion exchange chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, and FPLC. The inhibitor was identified to have a molecular mass of 862 daltons by mass spectrometry.