• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1831-1841
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• 2023

Objective: This study was realized to evaluate the effects of supplementation with blends of water and fat-soluble vitamins on animal performance and carcass traits of young Nellore bulls. Methods: Forty-three Nellore bulls, with an initial weight of 261±27.3 kg and a mean age of 8±1.0 months, were used. Five animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (reference group), to determine the initial empty body weight of the bulls that remained in the experiment. The remaining 38 bulls were fed ad libitum and distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2×2 factorial scheme, with or without supplementation of water-soluble (B-blend+ or B-blend-) and fat-soluble (ADE+ or ADE-) vitamin blends. Diets were isonitrogenous (120 g of crude protein/kg dry matter [DM] of total mixed ration) and consisted of a roughage:concentrate rate of 30:70 based on total DM of diet. The experiment lasted 170 days, with 30 days of adaptation and 140 days for data collection. At the beginning and end of the experimental period, the bulls were weighed to determine the average daily gain. To estimate the apparent digestibility of nutrients and microbial efficiency, spot collections of feces and urine were performed for five consecutive days. Results: DM, ashes, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, neutral detergent fiber corrected for residual ash and residual nitrogenous, and N intake and apparent digestibility were not influenced by vitamin supplementation, but total digestible nutrients intake and non-fibrous carbohydrates digestibility were influenced by B complex vitamin supplementation. Nitrogen balance, microbial efficiency, and performance data were not influenced (p>0.05) by vitamin supplementation. Conclusion: Vitamin supplementation (a blend of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins or their combinations) does not influence the animal performance and carcass traits of young Nellore bulls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1745-1752
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 70% ethanol (EtOH) extract and the five fractions of the crude extract from Sasa borealis leaves against seven food poisoning bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococus luteus, Listeria monocytogens, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The yield of 70% EtOH extract was 11.4% and those of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions were 3.0%, 1.1%, 0.6%, 1.3%, and 5.1%, respectively. The 70% EtOH extract and the four fractions except aqueous fraction demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all the seven food poisoning bacteria at a concentration of 0.5%, although it was less compared to benzoic acid. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the 70% EtOH extract against all the food poisoning bacteria except S. aureus was $50{\mu}L$/disc. Moreover, chloroform fraction was $35{\mu}L$/disc against 3 food poisoning bacteria and $50{\mu}L$/disc against the other 4 food poisoning bacteria; ethyl acetate fraction was $50{\mu}L$/disc against all the food poisoning bacteria. In addition, n-butanol fraction was $50{\mu}L$/disc against all the food poisoning bacteria except S. aureus. Aqueous fraction, which did not show antimicrobial activity at 5%, was $200{\mu}L$/disc against only S. aureus and L. monocytogen. The 0.25%, and 0.5% of ethyl acetate fraction inhibited the growth of all the food poisoning bacteria 8 to 12 hours and 24 hours, respectively. These results indicate that the Sasa borealis leaves may be useful as a natural antimicrobial substance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.767-774
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• 2015

In recent decades, health concerns related to sodium intake have caused an increased demand for salt or sodium-reduced foods. Umami substance can enhance taste sensitivity to NaCl and may offer a unique approach to replace and reduce the sodium content in foods. In this study, hot water extraction conditions of Wando sea tangle with high umami taste were investigated. Wando sea tangle harvested in June was selected for hot water extraction based on its free amino acids composition. The quality properties of sea tangle extract were investigated at various extraction temperatures ($60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, and $100^{\circ}C$) and times (1 h, 2 h, and 3 h). Sea tangle extracts at the extraction temperature of $100^{\circ}C$ contained the highest soluble solids (35.47%~36.93%), and crude protein (3.75%~4.00%). Viscosities of sea tangle extracts decreased with increasing extraction temperature. Umami amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartic acid) and sensory characteristics were best at extraction conditions of $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. Saltiness enhancement of sea tangle extract powder was determined. Saltiness intensities of NaCl solution after adding 1% sea tangle extract powder were enhanced (1.84~4.25-fold). At the same saltiness intensity, sodium contents of NaCl solution with 1% sea tangle extract powder were 12.24~24.33% lower than that of NaCl solution. These results suggest that it is possible to reduce sodium in foods with sea tangle extract as a natural salt enhancer without lowering overall taste intensity.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.6 no.3 s.12
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• pp.43-50
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• 1990

Distribution of amino acids and related compounds in the muscle extract of seven species of right-eye flounder (spotted halibut, slime flounder, marbled sole, sand flounder, stone flounder, frog fleunder and bastard halibut) were studied. The effect of heat treatment on quantitative change in the composition of amino acids and related compounds in the extract of sand fleunder muscle was also investigated since the sand flounder has much Ex-nitrogen in the extract of the muscle. The content of crude protein and that of pure protein were in the range of $17.54{\sim}19.99%$ and $15.63{\sim}17.95%$, respectively. Among the extracts of the seven fish muscle, stone flounder showed the highest content of Ex-nitrogen(2.12%). In the muscle extracts of the seven fish taurine was abundantly contained $(29.4{\sim}56.9%)$, and followed alanine $(6.6{\sim}10.4%)$ and glycine $(1.6{\sim}16.7%)$. The compositions of amino acids and related compounds were characterized by the existence of phosphoethanolamine, ${\alpha}-aminoadipic\;acid$, DL-allocystathionine, ethanolamine and ornithine. The experiments on amino acids and related compounds of the muscle extract of sand flounder with reference to heating time and temperature were resulted in that the amount of taurine, tyrosine, leucine and alanine were increased with the heating time at $100^{\circ}C$, whereas that of lysine, histidine, ${\alpha}-aminoadipic\;acid$ and proline were decreased with prolonged heating time. When heating temperature was changed from $90^{\circ}C$ to $130^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, the contents of taurine, alanine and leucine were increased, while that of histidine, lysine and aspartic acid were decreased.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 1999

A bacterium having strong fibrinolytic activity, S7-16 strain, was isolated from soil. The isolated bacterium was identified and named as Bacillus sp. S7-16. The optimal composition of the medium for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme by Bacillus sp. S7-16 was 0.5%(w/v) polypeptone, 0.5%(w/v) yeast extract, 0.3%(w/v) NaCl, 0.1% (w/v) $KH_2PO_4,\;0.3%(w/v)\;K_2PHO_4,\;and\;0.01%(w/v)\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. The optimal temperature and initial pH of the medium for the production of the enzyme were $35^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively. The maximum production of the fibrinolytic enzyme was obtained after 24 hours of the incubation. Under the above conditions, the culture supernatant had strong fibrinolytic activity. Within pH4~11, the crude fibrinolytic enzyme was stable. The enzyme was stable up to $50^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were around 7.5 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1647-1653
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• 2008

This study used response surface methodology (RSM) in an effort to optimize the water extraction conditions of Hypsizigus marmoreus in order to increase cytotoxicity activity of the extract. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables, which included the extraction temperature ($X_1$), extraction time ($X_2$), the ratio of solvent to sample ($X_3$) on dependent variables of the extracts, including extraction yield ($Y_1$) and protein content ($Y_2$). The estimated optimal conditions were as follows: $51.3^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature, 8.2 hrs extraction time, and 46.7 mL/g of solvent per sample. The extract (CE) was extracted at optimal condition and crude polysaccharides (CPS) were obtained from CE by ethanol precipitation, dialysis, and freeze drying. Neutral (NPS) and acidic (APS) fraction of polysaccharides were seperated from CPS by ion chromatography. The growth inhibitory effects of the APS (0.5 mg/mL) on AGS human cancer cells were 73.97%. CPS showed the highest growth inhibitory effects on HepG2 human cancer cell at 0.5 mg/mL. However all fraction polysaccharides from Hypsizigus marmoreus showed lower than 20% growth inhibition on SW480 human cancer cell.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2017

Natural anti-oxidative compounds have important disease prevention and food preservation properties, in addition to anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and skin whitening effects. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with an ultra vilolet (UV) detector coupled to a reverse phase C18 column and an online measurement system for 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, was used to search for potent antioxidative compounds in crude extracts. The online HPLC-DPPH assay was then applied to confirm antioxidative compounds in water extracts from Radix of Pueraria lobata, Rhizoma of Zingiber officinale, Fructus of Chaenomeles sinensis, Cortex of Ulmus pumila, and Radix of Astragalus membranaceus. To determine the yields of the extracts, the Brix% of each extract solution was measured using a refractometer. When the relative DPPH radical scavenging ability values of the water extracts were compared with those of a positive control (ascorbic acid), the water extracts of P. lobata, C. sinensis, and U. pumila were 7.77%, 4.71%, and 4.19%, respectively. The results suggest that this method provides a useful assay for rapid measurement of DPPH radical scavenging abilities and conformation of antioxidative compounds in natural products. Moreover, it can reduce the time spent on the separation of active compounds from natural materials, such as medicinal plants, in addition to the use of reagents for separation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.376-381
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• 1986

A hypothesis that Korean home-made fermented soybean products are brown-pigmented in large part by contaminated bacteria is proposed. Twenty six strains of bacteria forming brown pigments in the presence of L-tyrosine were isolated from home-made soybean paste. They were characterized and all were identified as strains of Bacillus subtilis. The isolates produced dark brown to brownish black pigmentation on yeast extract-peptone-glucose agar (YPGA) supplemented with 0.1% L-tyrosine in 72 hours but not on YPGA. They also caused different depress of lighter pigmentation on potato dextrose agar and nutrient agar. When an arbitrarily chosen pigmenting isolate was cultivated in a liquid medium supplemented with L-tyrosine, it began to produce pigments only after cell growth stopped. The tyrosinase enzyme was extracted and the enzyme activity was measured by using L-tyrosine and 3-hydroxytyrosine (L-dopa) as substrates. The crude enzyme preparation porduced pigments at rates of $2.1\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;and\;5.0\;{\times}\;10^{-3}$ optical density units/min measured at 490㎚ for tyrosine and dopa, respectively. Possible content of L-tyrosine in a soybean paste formula was calculated.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 2014

A compound has been isolated from the methanol extract of Styrax japonica bark using conventional chromatographic methods including silica gel chromatography, TLC and HPLC. The molecular formula of Styraxlignolide F analyzed by spectrometric analyses using FAB-MS, NMR was found to be $C_{27}H_{34}O_{11}Na$. The cytotoxicity of the styralignolide F was showed 15.2% in $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ on human kidney cell (HEK 293). As anticancer activity of $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction, over 60% of AGS and MCF-7 cells were inhibited in concentration of $1.0mg/m{\ell}$. In the results of anticancer test using quantification of Bcl-2, $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction showed lower Bcl-2 and p53 expression than those of styraxlignolide F and other fractions. In apoptosis of human lung carcunoma cancer cell (A549), $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction showed the highest inhibition rate (46.9%) and styralignolide F was the next (43.5%). The $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction showed higher anti-cancer activities than isolated substance (styraxlignolide F), probably due to the crude extract showing synergic effects by other components.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.179-191
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• 2008

Background and Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a recurrent or chronic eczematous skin disease with severe pruritus,and has increased in Korea. Although the pathogenic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis are yet unknown, recently skin barrier dysfunction and hyperresponsive Th2 cells in the acute phase have been reported as important mechanisms. Cheonggi-san(CGS) is used in oriental clinics for treatingacute skin lesions of eczema or urticaria. There have been no studies on the therapeutic mechanism of CGS for curing atopic dermatitis. We aimed to find out the therapeutic effects of its internaluse on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, induced in NC/Nga mice by the mite antigen D. pteronyssinus and disrupting skin barrier. Materials and Methods : The NC/Nga mice were classified into three groups: control group, atopic dermatitis elicitated group(AD), and CGS treated group (CT). Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions were induced on the back of female NC/Nga mice, 12 weeks of age, by tape stripping, 5% SDS applied to disrupt skin barrier and painting 3 times a week with D. pteronyssinus crude extract solution for 3 weeks. CT was treated with CGS orally after atopic dermatitis was elicitated. We observed changes of skin damage, mast cells, substance P, angiogenesis, skin barrier, Th2 cell differentiation, nuclear factor-${\kappa}B(NF-{\kappa}B)$ p65 activation and COX-2 in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Results : The skin damages as eczema were seenin AD, but mitigated in CT. The degranulated mast cells in dermal papillae increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The substance P positive reacted cells in CT remarkably decreased. The angiogenesis increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The decrease of lipid deposition and ceramide in AD was seen, but anincrease of lipid deposition and ceramide in CT was seen. The distribution of IL-4 positive reacted cells in dermal papillae increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The distribution of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 positive reacted cells & COX-2 positive reacted cells in CT decreased. Conclusion : The results may suggest that the CGS per os decreases the dysfunction of the skin barrier, inhibits Th2 cell differentiation and inhibits NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 activation in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.