• Title/Summary/Keyword: crotonic acid

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Synthesis, Characterization and Swelling Properties of Chitosan/Poly(acrylic acid-co-crotonic acid) Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (Chitosan/Poly(acrylic acid-co-crotonic acid) Semi-IPN의 합성, 분석 및 팽윤거동)

  • Hosseinzadeh, Hossein;Alijani, Darioush
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.588-595
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    • 2014
  • A semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogel composed of crosslinked chitosan and poly (acrylic acid-co-crotonic acid) was prepared in the presence of glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy were employed to confirm the structure of the semi-IPN hydrogel. The swelling capacity of hydrogel was shown to be affected by the monomers weight ratio, chitosan content, initiator and GA concentrations. The results also indicated that the semi-IPN hydrogel had different swelling capacity at various pHs. Additionally, the swelling behavior of the hydrogel was investigated in aqueous solutions of NaCl, $CaCl_2$, and $AlCl_3$.

Carbonylative Cyclization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids by Palladium Complexes with Phosphines [III] Palladium (0, II)-Phosphine Complexes Catalyzed Cabonylation of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and It's Theoretical Studies (포스핀류가 배위된 팔라듐 착물에 의한 불포화카르복실산의 카르보닐화 고리반응 (제 3 보). 팔라듐 (0, II)-포스핀계 착물에 의한 불포화카르복실산의 카르보닐화 반응 및 그의 이론적 연구)

  • Myung-Ki Doh;Bong-Gon Kim;Maeng-Jun Jung;Young-Dae Song;Park Byung-Kak
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.37 no.10
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    • pp.903-909
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    • 1993
  • Reaction mechanism of palladium(0, II)-phosphines complexes catalyzed cyclocarbonylation for unsaturated carboxylic acid such as crotonic acid, methacrylic acid and 3-butenoic acid has been investigated by product analysis, molecular mechanics and extended Huckel molecular orbital method. Reaction of 3-butenoic acid with palladium(0, II)-phosphines catalyst gives palladium containing cycloester through intermediate palladium-olefin ${\pi}$ -complex in the catalytic carbonylation. Palladium(0, II)-phosphines complexes catalyze the cyclocarbonylation of 3-butenoic acid to give 3-methylsuccinic anhydride and glutaric anhydride. But ${\pi}$ -complexes with palladium(0, II)-phosphines and unsaturated carboxylic acids such as crotonic acid and methacrylic acid are not effective the catalytic cyclocarbonylation.

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Effects of comonomer with carboxylic group on stabilization of high molecular weight polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous copolymers

  • Lei, Danyun;Devarayan, Kesavan;Li, Xiang-Dan;Choi, Woong-Ki;Seo, Min-Kang;Kim, Byoung-Suhk
    • Carbon letters
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.290-294
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    • 2014
  • New precursors, poly(acrylonitrile-co-crotonic acid) (poly(AN-CA)) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid-co-crotonic acid) (poly(AN-IA-CA)) copolymers, for the preparation of carbon fibers, were explored in this study. The effects of comonomers with acidic groups, such as crotonic acid (CA) and/or itaconic acid (IA), on the stabilization of nanofibrous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers were studied. The extent of stabilization, evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealed that the CA comonomer could retard/control the stabilization rate of PAN, in contrast to the IA comonomer, which accelerated the stabilization process. Moreover, the synthesized PAN copolymers containing CA possessed higher Mv than those of the IA copolymers and also showed outstanding dimension stability of nanofibers during the stabilization, which may be a useful property for improving the dimensional stability of polymer composites during manufacturing.

Carbonylative Cyclization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids by Palladium Complexes with Phosphines(I) Synthesis and Structure of Palladium(O, II) Complexes with Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids (포스핀류가 배위된 팔라듐 착물에 의한 불포화카르복실산의 카르보닐화고리 반응 (제 1 보). 불포화카르복실산이 배위된 팔라듐(0, Ⅱ) 착물의 합성과 구조)

  • Myung-Ki Doh;Maeng-Jun Jung;Dong-Jin Lee;Kohtaro Osakada;Akio Yamamoto
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.423-430
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    • 1993
  • New Palladium(0)-olefin complexes, $(PMe_3)_2Pd{CH_2=C(CH_3)COOH} \;and\;(PMe_3)_2Pd{(CH_3)CH=CHCOOH}$ have been prepared by treating $Pd(PMe_3)_2$(styrene) with methacrylic acid and trans-crotonic acid, respectively. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and $^1H-,\;^{13}C-,\;and\;^{31}P$-NMR spectroscopy. The carboxylic acid entity was found non-bonded with palladium while ${\pi}$-bond is formed between the olefin double bond and Pd(0). The results are compared with the metallacycle formation the reaction of Pd(PMe3)2(styrene) with 3-butenoic acid.

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Syntheses and Central Nervous Depressant Activities of Piperine Derivatives (II) Piperic Acid Amides (Piperine유도체의 합성 및 중추억제작용에 관한 연구(II) Piperic Acid Amide 유도체)

  • 은재순;임중기;김완주;우원식;이은방
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.283-287
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    • 1983
  • In order to search more active and less toxic central nervous depressants, piperic acid amides were synthesized by condensation of piperonal with crotonic acid amides. The bioassay results revealed that, among the compounds synthesized, the piperonic acid methylamide and ethylamide exhibited potent protective activity against strychnine-induced convulsion.

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Carbonylative Cyclization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids by Palladium Complexes with Phosphines(II) Theoretical Studies on Palladium(0, II) Complexes of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids (포스핀류가 배위된 팔라듐 착물에 의한 불포화카르복실산의 카르보닐화고리 반응 (제 2 보). 불포화카르복실산이 배위된 팔라듐 (0, II) 착물에 관한 이론적 연구)

  • Doh Myung-Ki;Bong-Gon Kim;Maeng-Jun Jung;Young-Dae Song;Byung-Kak Park
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.431-441
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    • 1993
  • The structure and reactivity of ${\pi}$-and metallacycle form in the bis(trimethylphosphine) palladium(0) complexes with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid(A group) and 3-butenoic acid, 4-pentenoic acid(B group) have been investigated by Molecular Mechanics and Extended Huckel Molecular Orbital method. The calculation shows that A groups with large value of frontier electron density of HOMO and LUMO produce $\pi-complexes$ instead of metallacycle. But B groups with small value of frontier electron density of LUMO, especially 3-butenoic acid, form stable metallacycle. Moreover the methyl-substituted five-membered compared with the six-membered metallacycle is energetically stable conformation.

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Effects of Feeding Intermediate and Starter Units on Monascus Pigments Production (색소 중간체와 개시체 투여가 Monascus 색소생산에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Young-Ju;Kim, Jeong-Gu;Woo, Hyun-Chul;Kim, Soo-Un
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 1995
  • To investigate the mechanism for the main chain-elongation process and the possibility of putative precursors as stater units in the biosynthesis of the Monascus pigments, feeding experiments with possible $poly-{\beta}-ketide$ intermediates were carried out. Both crotonic acid and sorbic acid, especially in low concentrations, enhanced the pigment production while not increasing the dried mycelium weight appreciably. Also, it was observed that the feeding of sorbic acid and its ethyl ester was about two folds efficient in the pigment production than the feeding of crotonic acid and its ethyl ester. In addition to these acids, cinnamic acid and vinylacrylic acid were examined for their possibility as starter units. It was observed that the color of the culture fed with cinnamic acid was dominantly dark-red, but with overall decrease in the pigment production. Whey its ethyl ester was administered to the culture, however, the pigment production increased significantly. Also noted in 2D TLC study of the pigments was the increased production of red pigment and the formation of new red pigments.

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Properties and Hair-growth Effect of Chrysin 7-O-crotonate (크라이신 7-O-크로토네이트의 물성 및 육모효과)

  • 신준수;김연희;정재훈;김양배;김박광
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.316-319
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    • 1999
  • Chrysin 7-Ο-crotonate was synthesized by condensing crotonic acid with chrysin in organic solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF) using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Its structure was indentified by NMR, MS, UV, IR etc. We also investigated the physico-chemical properties and set up the quantitative anytical method of this compound. The correlation coefficient of calibration curve measured at the isobestic point (340 nm) on this compound was approximately 0.9994 by absorption spetrophtometry. Detection limit was 1.6ng at S/N=3 by using a RP column by HPLC. The hair growth effect fo chrysin 7-Ο-crotonate on the hair of black mouse (C57BL/6), was carried out using paste method. When its ethanol solution was administered to this black mouse by route of skin, this compound promoted the growth of hair.

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A Comprehensive Study on the Forced Aging of Flue-cured Tobacco-Leaves (황색종 잎담배의 발효숙성 촉진에 관한 종합적 연구)

  • Bae, H.W.
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.1-27
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    • 1970
  • The process of the forced aging of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied extensively from various scientific points of view. The Flue-cured tobacco leaves were inoculated and fermented with nicotine resistant Hansenula yeast, or the leaves were subjected under simple forced aging. The above two processes of forced aging were studied from the summarized points of microbiology, physics, chemistry, and biochemistry, and the resulted products ware compared in their physical, chemical and biochemical quality determining factors with that of raw material tobacco leaves (dried-tobacco leaves) and 2 years aged high quality tobacco leaves. The summary results were as follows. 1) The Korean flue-cured tobacco leaves, were forcedly aged under the basic optimum aging condition, temperature $40^{\circ}C$, moisture contents 18%, relative humidity 74%. It was found that this aging condition was the best in bringing the quality of forcedly aged tobacco leaves to the utmost state. 2) Under this optimum temperature and moisture condition of forced aging in about 20 days the forcedly aged tobacco leaves both with yeast inoculation and without yeast inoculation showed the equivalent tobacco qualities comparable with that of more than 2 years aged tobacco leaves. 3) The forcedly aged tobacco leaves both with and without yeast inoculation under $40^{\circ}C$ temperature and $74^{\circ}C$ relative humidity achieved the necessary quality determining physical and chemical changes in about 20 days. 4) The microbial changes during the forced aging were as follows. The population of yeasts and bacteria increased until to 15 days of aging, then decreased thereafter. Whereas the molds grew continously until the end of fermentation. 5) The tobacco quality determing physico-chemico-properties of yeast inoculated aged and simple forcedly aged tobacco leaves, progressed as the follows in time. As the forced aging progresses, swelling and combustibility properties were improved. The pH, total reducing materials, total sugars, alkaloids contents decreased. The contents of organic and ether extractable materials increased. The total nitrogen, protein, crude fiber, ash contents showed no changes. The color properties, excitation purity, luminance, main wave length, showed equivalent changes comparable with that of 2 years aged tobacco leaves. 6) The changes in chemical components in yeast treated and simple forcedly aged tobacco leaves during $15{\sim}20{\;}days$ of forced aging were as follows. The following chemical components decreased as the aging. Sugars-sucrose. rhamnose, glucose. Pigments-chlorophyll, carotenes, xanthophyll and violax anthine. Polyphenols-rutin, chlorogenic and, coffeic acid. Organic acids-iso-butylic, crotonic, caprylic, galacturonic, tartaric, succinic, citric acid. Alkaloids-nicotine, nornicotine. The following components increased as the forced aging progressed. Sugars-frutose, maltose, raffinose. Amino acids-proline, cystine. Organic acids-formic, acetic, propionic, n-butyric, iso-valeric, n-valeric, malic, oxalic, malonic, ${\alpha}-ketoglutaric$, fumaric, glutaric acid. 7) During the forced aging of tobacco Leaves the oxygen-uptake decreased gradually. The enzyme activities of polyphenol oxidase, ${\beta}-amylase$ ${\alpha}-amylase$ decreased gradually. The activities of the enzymes, catalase, and invertase increased once then decreased at the later stage.

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Polyesters Biosynthesis of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16(ATCC 17699) from Various Mono- and Dicarboxylic Acids and Diols

  • Song, Jae-Jun;Shin, Yong-Chul
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.123-128
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    • 1993
  • The polyesters (polyhydroxyalkanoates; PHAs) production capability in a two-step cultivation of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16(ATCC 17699) was investigated by using various organic carbon sources. The carbon sources used included linear $C_2~C_10$ monocarboxylic acids, $C_3~C_10$ dicarboxylic acids, crotonic acid, and several linear vicinal and $\omega$-diols. The polyesters synthesized were characterized by 500 MHz $^1 H-NMR$ spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity$[\eta]$ measurement in chloroform and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The PHAs synthesis data showed that the use of C-odd ($C_3, C_5, and C_7$) monocarboxylic acids resulted in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)(P(3HB-co-3HV) (3HV content ranging 40 to 70 mol%) while the use of $C_9$ substrate gave the copolyester containing only 4 mol% of 3HV. All culture products obtained on $C_3$~C$_{10}$ dicarboxylic acids gave exclusively P(3HB). 500 MHz $^1 H-NMR$ analysis showed that all polyesters synthesized generally contained 1~2 mol% 3HV even for the unrelated substrates such as the carboxylic acids with even number of carbon. When $\alpha, \omega$-diols with even number of carbon were used as substrates, 4-hydroxybutyrate(4HB) was inserted into the polyester chain composed of P(3HB-co-4HB). Vicinal diols were generally not utilized by the bacterium for polyester production.n.

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