• 제목/요약/키워드: cross-sectional area method

검색결과 352건 처리시간 0.024초

요부 안정화운동이 만성요통환자의 다열근 단면적, 정적자세조절, 통증에 미치는 영향 (Effects of lumbar stabilization exercise on multifidus muscle cross-sectional area, static posture control and pain in patient's with chronic low back pain)

  • 김대훈
    • 융합정보논문지
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    • 제11권10호
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    • pp.223-229
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    • 2021
  • 만성요통환자를 대상으로 요추의 구조와 기능적 안정성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 요부 안정화운동과 근력강화운동을 병행한 운동 프로그램과 요부 근력강화운동만 적용한 운동 프로그램의 다열근 단면적, 정적자세조절, 요부통증에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 연구방법은 만성요통환자 28명을 대상으로 각각의 운동그룹으로 나누워 주 3회씩 8주간 운동프로그램을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 자료분석은 t-test를 활용하여 그룹 운동프로그램 적용전과 적용후, 그리고 각각의 그룹간을 비교하였다. 연구결과 다열근 단면적, 정적자세조절, 요부통증 등 각각의 그룹내 운동프로그램 적용전과 적용후에 유의한 결과가 나타났으나 (p<.05), 각각의 그룹간에는 요부 안정화운동과 근력강화운동을 병행한 운동 프로그램이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다 (p<.05). 결론적으로 요부 안정화운동을 추가적으로 실시한 운동 프로그램이 다양한 요추의 구조와 기능을 향상시키고, 요부통증을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

PROFILE을 이용한 근관형성 시 ANTICURVATURE FILING방법의 영향 (EFFECT OF ANTICURVATURE FILING METHOD ON PREPARATION OF THE CURVED ROOT CANAL USING PROFILE)

  • 송현지;장주혜;조경모;김진우
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.327-334
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구에서는 ProFile로 근관형성 시 anticurvature filing 방법의 영향을 평가하고자 하였다 변형된 Bramante 법을 이용해 36개의 레진 블록을 치근단으로부터 8mm부위와 근관의 최대 만곡 부위에서 절단한 후 재조립하였다. 근관형성의 동작에 따라 anticurvature filing motion, circumferential filing motion, straight up-and-down motion의 3가지 실험군으로 분류한 다음 ProFile로 근관을 형성하였으며, 술 전$\cdot$후의 단면을 stereomicroscope로 촬영, 저장하고 중첩하여 근관 단면의 변화와 근관의 중심 이동률을 비교 평가하였다. 모든 위치에서 단면적 변화량, 만곡 내측으로의 형성량과 중심 이동률은 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 만곡 외측으로의 형성량은 치근단으로부터 8mm 부위에서 anticurvature filing motion, circumferential filing motion, straight up-and-down motion의 순으로 많았으나, 근관의 최대 만곡 부위에서는 차이가 없었다 이상의 결과에서 만곡 근관의 위험 부위에서 ProFile로 근관형성 시 anticurvature filing motion의 영향은 다른 motion과 비교해 볼 때 유의할 만한 차이가 없는 것으로 생각된다.

축소형 항공기 모델의 레이다 단면적 분석 및 측정에 대한 연구 (A Study on the Measurement and the Analysis of Radar Cross Section of the Scaled Aircraft Model)

  • 김기중
    • 한국전자통신학회논문지
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.1055-1060
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 축소형 항공기의 레이다 단면적 분석 및 측정에 대한 연구이다. 사전에 축소형 항공기에 대한 레이다 단면적 특성을 전자기 해석 툴을 사용하여 분석하고 실제 축소형 항공기를 제작하여 무반사실에서 측정하였다. 측정 시 구모델을 사용하여 RCS 특성의 기준 데이터로 적용하여 실제 축소형 모델의 시험 결과 데이터에 적용하였다. 측정 방법은 시간 게이팅을 적용하여 무반사실 내부에서 산란되는 성분에 대한 영향을 제거하여 측정의 정확성을 향상시켰다. 축소형 모델의 RCS 시험 결과는 사전 해석 결과와 같이 초단파 대역에서 상대적으로 RCS 특성이 높게 측정되었다. 향후 본 연구를 통하여 파장이 상대적으로 큰 VHF/UHF 대역 레이다의 표적에 대한 RCS 분석 및 측정에 대한 특성 기술에 활용할 예정이다.

양평지역 리기다소나무, 낙엽송, 졸참나무의 allometry와 임관동태 연구 (Allometry and Canopy Dynamics of Pinus rigida, Larix leptolepis, and Quercus serrata Stands in Yangpyeong Area)

  • 김종성;손요환;김진수
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제84권2호
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    • pp.186-197
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    • 1995
  • 경기도 양평 지역에 생육하고 있는 리기다소나무, 낙엽송, 졸참나무 임분의 지상 부위 생체량과 엽면적을 추정하기 위해 흉고직경, 흉고단면적, 변재단면적, 변재부피 등의 변수를 이용하는 회귀식을 조제하였다. 지상 부위 생체량과 엽면적은 흉고직경, 흉고단면적, 변재단면적, 변재부피 등과 각각 통계적으로 유의한 상관 관계를 보였으며, 비슷한 직경급에서 3수종 모두 유사한 수간목부 생체량을 보였다. 그러나 수피, 잎, 가지와 지상 부위 총생체량과, 단위건중량당 엽면적 그리고 엽면적 변재단면적의 비에 있어 수종 간 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 생체량과 엽면적 추정을 위한 회귀식은 대상 수중의 잎의 습성과 수병에 영향을 받는 것으로 보이며, 이들 영향을 보다 확실하게 구명하치 위해서 상세한 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

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Aging-Related Changes in Hand Intrinsic and Extrinsic Muscles and Hand Dexterity : an MRI Investigation

  • Hsu, Jeffrey;Koh, Kyung;Park, Yang-Sun;Kwon, Hyun-Joon;Kim, Yoon-Hyuk;Shin, Joon-Ho;Shim, Jae-Kun
    • 한국운동역학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.371-381
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    • 2015
  • Object : The purpose of this study was to investigate aging-related changes of intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles in their strength, cross-sectional area and volume, force control, and multi-digit synergies. It was hypothesized that aging would negatively affect distal muscles (intrinsic muscles) more than proximal muscles (extrinsic muscles). Method : Nine young and eleven older right-handed participants underwent MRI scans of the hand and forearm. Muscle cross-sectional areas and volumes of the intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles were determined. Result : Muscle volume of the intrinsic muscles were larger in the younger group than the older group while muscle volume of the extrinsic muscles did not differ. For the cross-sectional area, both the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the younger group were larger than the older group. The maximum strength of the intrinsic muscles of the young group was 31% greater than the older group ($399.1{\pm}26.4$ vs $270.2{\pm}22.9Ncm$, p < 0.05) while the extrinsic muscles showed no significant difference. Although the elderly group showed a trend of decreased force control and multi-digit synergies, no statistical differences were found. These findings indicate aging-related decreases in hand muscle size and strength affect intrinsic muscles more than extrinsic muscles, thus supporting the hypothesis that sarcopenia affects the muscle size and strength of distal muscles more than proximal muscles. Conclusion : The aging-related decreases in hand muscle size and function were more apparent in intrinsic hand muscles, located more distally, than extrinsic muscles, located more proximally.

Effect of slice inclination and object position within the field of view on the measurement accuracy of potential implant sites on cone-beam computed tomography

  • Saberi, Bardia Vadiati;Khosravifard, Negar;Nourzadeh, Alireza
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements in the horizontal and vertical dimensions based on object position and slice inclination in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: Ten dry sheep hemi-mandibles, each with 4 sites (incisor, canine, premolar, and molar), were evaluated when either centrally or peripherally positioned within the field of view (FOV) with the image slices subjected to either oblique or orthogonal inclinations. Four types of images were created of each region: central/cross-sectional, central/coronal, peripheral/cross-sectional, and peripheral/coronal. The horizontal and vertical dimensions were measured for each region of each image type. Direct measurements of each region were obtained using a digital caliper in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. CBCT and direct measurements were compared using the Bland-Altman plot method. P values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The buccolingual dimension of the incisor and premolar areas and the height of the incisor, canine, and molar areas showed statistically significant differences on the peripheral/coronal images compared to the direct measurements (P<0.05). Molar area height in the central/coronal slices also differed significantly from the direct measurements (P<0.05). Cross-sectional images of either the central or peripheral position had no marked difference from the gold-standard values, indicating sufficient accuracy. Conclusion: Peripheral object positioning within the FOV in combination with applying an orthogonal inclination to the slices resulted in significant inaccuracies in the horizontal and vertical measurements. The most undesirable effect was observed in the molar area and the vertical dimension.

개의 횡격막신경섬유(橫隔膜神經纖維)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) 제(第)II보(報) 횡격막신경(橫隔膜神經)의 횡격막내분기(橫隔膜內分技)의 유수섬유(有髓纖維)에 관(關)하여 (Studies on the Phrenic Nerve Fibers in the dog II. On the Myelinated Fibers of the Intradiaphragmatic Branches)

  • 고광두;윤석봉;이준섭
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 1969
  • The experimental studies were performed to observe the characteristics of the myelinated nerve fibers of the tradiaphragmatic branches of phrenic nerves in dog In the work to be reported five mixed breed Korean dog were used, they were one year old and he body eights were about 12 Kgm. in average with healthy conditions. The specimens (nerve) were taken at the point of 1.5 cm posterior part from the left and right phrenic nerves entrance to the diaphragm, and the dorso-lateral and dorso-medial branches of phrenic nerves vere also, taken at the point of 0.5 cm distal part from their branching portion. The specimens were fixed for 24 hrs. in Flemming's solution, and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin section. were cut at 6 microns and stained with Walter's modification of Weigert-pal method for the myelinated fibers. Microphotographs were taken and enlarged into 750 times of the actual size, and the diameter of the photographic images of the myelinated fibers were measured by the scale on the transparent Percepex Plate. The following conclusions were made: 1. The percentage of distribution of the several intradiaphragmatic branches of phrenic nerves were as follows. Ventral branches were 34.97%, lateral branches were 37.90%, dorsal branches were 27.13%, and the dorsal branches were branched again into dorso-lateral branches(54.22%) and dorso-medial branches (45. 78%). 2. The mean value and S.D. of the total numbers of the myelinated nerve fibers at the left ventral branches were $490.80{\pm}12$, and at the right ventral branches were $486.6{\pm}13$. Total average cross sectional area on the left ventral branches were 38,000. $6{\pm}136{\mu}^2$, and the right ventral branches were $37,150.2{\pm}1.782{\mu}^2$. 3. The mean value and S.D. of the total numbers of the myelinated nerve fibers at the left lateral branches were $533.8{\pm}8$, and at the right lateral branches were $525.6{\pm}7$. Total average cross sectional area of the left lateral branches were $41,582{\pm}1,170{\mu}^2$, and the right lateral branches were $40,454.8{\pm}812{\mu}^2$. 4. The mean value and S.D. of the total numbers of the myelinated nerve fibers at the left dorsal branches were $378.2{\pm}14$, and at the right dorsal branches were $380.2{\pm}8$. Total average cross sectional area of the left dorsal branches were $27,771{\pm}1,256{\mu}^2$, and the right dorsal branches were $27,507.2{\pm}645{\mu}^2$. 5. The mean value and S.D. of the total numbers of the myelinated fibers at the left dorso-lateral branches were $205.4{\pm}15$, and at the right dorso-lateral branches were $210.6{\pm}17$. Total average cross sectional area of the left dorso lateral branches were $15,354. 8{\pm}1,519{\mu}^2$, and the right dorsal branches were $15,887{\pm}1,297{\mu}^2$. 6. The mean value and S.D. of the total numbers of the myelinated nerve fibers at the left dorso-medial branches were $175{\pm}14$, and at the right dorso-medial branches were $176.2{\pm}17$. Total average cross sectional area of the left dorso-medial branches were $13,037.4{\pm}944{\mu}^2$, and at the right dorso-medial branches were, $13,103{\pm}1,373{\mu}^2$. 7. The highest frequent distribution of the intradiaphragmatic branches of phrenic nerves were found in the $10-12{\mu}^2$ groups, and they were almost 30% of the total groups. 8. The largest fibers diameter were in the $14-16{\mu}^2$ groups, and these were shown the lowest frequent distribution. 9. The largest cross sectional area of the intradiaphragmatic branches of phrenic nerves were found in the $10-12{\mu}^2$ groups. 10. All of the intradiaphragmatic branches of phrenic nerves were unimodal which has a peak in the $10-12{\mu}^2$ groups.

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분할최적화 기법에 의한 트러스 구조물의 형상최적화에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Geometric Optimization of Truss Structures by Decomposition Method)

  • 김성완;이규원
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.73-92
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    • 1987
  • Formulation of the geometric optimization for truss structures based on the elasticity theory turn out to be the nonlinear programming problem which has to deal with the cross-sectional area of the member and the coordinates of its nodes simultaneously. A few techniques have been proposed and adopted for the analysis of this nonlinear programming problem for the time being. These techniques, however, bear some limitations on truss shapes, loading conditions and design criteria for the practical application to real structures. A generalized algorithm for the geometric optimization of the truss structures, which can eliminate the above mentioned limitations, is developed in this study. The algorithm proposed utilizes the two-levels technique. In the first level which consists of two phases, the cross-sectional area of the truss member is optimized by transforming the nonlinear problem into SUMT, and solving SUMT utilizing the modified Newton Raphson method. In the second level, which also consists of two phases the geometric shape is optimized utillzing the unindirectional search technique of the Powell method which make it possible to minimize only the objective functlon. The algorithm proposed in this study is numerically tested for several truss structures with various shapes, loading conditions and design criteria, and compared with the results of the other algorithms to examine its applicability and stability. The numerical comparisons show that the two- levels algorithm proposed in this study is safely applicable to any design criteria, and the convergency rate is relatively fast and stable compared with other iteration methods for the geometric optimization of truss structures. It was found for the result of the shape optimization in this study to be decreased greatly in the weight of truss structures in comparison with the shape optimization of the truss utilizing the algorithm proposed with the other area optimum method.

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자연하천에 대한 Muskingum-Cunge 모형의 매개변수 산정 (Estimation of Muskingum-Cunge Parameters for Natural Streams)

  • 김진수;전경수
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.233-243
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    • 2010
  • 하도의 횡단 및 종단 지형자료와 조도계수를 이용하여 자연하천에 대한 Muskingum-Cunge 모형의 매개변수들을 추정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 우선 각 단면에서의 다양한 수위에 대하여 통수단면 및 동수반경을 계산한 후, Manning 공식을 이용하여 유량을 산정한다. 이러한 과정은 하도에서의 모든 단면에 대하여 반복되며, 최종적으로 통수단면과 유량을 통한 회귀 분석에 의하여 매개변수들을 추정한다. 이와 같은 Muskingum-Cunge 모형의 매개변수 추정과정을 남한강 구간에 적용하였다. 추정된 매개변수들을 사용한 Muskingum-Cunge 모형의 계산결과는 무차원 RMS 오차, 첨두유량의 크기 및 발생시각 등 모든 면에서 HEC-1의 Muskingum-Cunge 모형에 비하여 동역학적 모형의 계산결과와 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

Neuro-Fuzzy modeling of torsional strength of RC beams

  • Cevik, A.;Arslan, M.H.;Saracoglu, R.
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제9권6호
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    • pp.469-486
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    • 2012
  • This paper presents Neuro-Fuzzy (NF) based empirical modelling of torsional strength of RC beams for the first time in literature. The proposed model is based on fuzzy rules. The experimental database used for NF modelling is collected from the literature consisting of 76 RC beam tests. The input variables in the developed rule based on NF model are cross-sectional area of beams, dimensions of closed stirrups, spacing of stirrups, cross-sectional area of one-leg of closed stirrup, yield strength of stirrup and longitudinal reinforcement, steel ratio of stirrups, steel ratio of longitudinal reinforcement and concrete compressive strength. According to the selected variables, the formulated NFs were trained by using 60 of the 76 sample beams. Then, the method was tested with the other 16 sample beams. The accuracy rates were found to be about 96% for total set. The performance of accuracy of proposed NF model is furthermore compared with existing design codes by using the same database and found to be by far more accurate. The use of NF provided an alternative way for estimating the torsional strength of RC beams. The outcomes of this study are quite satisfactory which may serve NF approach to be widely used in further applications in the field of reinforced concrete structures.