• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2023

Background: A high incidence (40-73%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been reported following orthognathic surgery, and various risk factors have been associated with it. Identifying PONV risk factors based on initial onset time will help establish preventive measures. This study aimed to identify factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Methods: This study included 590 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors that are significantly related to PONV. The objective variables were classified into three categories: no PONV, early PONV (initial onset time: 0-2 h after anesthesia), and late PONV (initial onset time: 2-24 h after anesthesia). The explanatory variables included relevant risk factors for PONV, as considered in previous studies. Results: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol was a significant depressant factor for early PONV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.340, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.209-0.555) and late PONV (aOR = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.352-0.814). The administration of a combination of intraoperative antiemetics (vs. no administration) significantly reduced the risk of early PONV (aOR = 0.464, 95% CI = 0.230-0.961). Female sex and young age were significant risk factors for late PONV (aOR = 1.492, 95% CI = 1.170-1.925 and unit aOR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.010-1.057, respectively). Conclusion: We identified factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol significantly reduced the risk of PONV not only in the early period (0-2 h after anesthesia) but also in the late period (2-24 h after anesthesia).

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2022

최근 급속한 세계화로 인해 물류 아웃소싱이 전 세계적으로 확대되고 있으며, 이것은 견고한 물류시스템을 구축하는 수단으로 간주되고 있다. 그러나 많은 기업이 물류 아웃소싱 계약에 어려움을 겪고 있어 기업의 내부 관리를 위해 물류 기능을 회복해야 하는 어려움이 계속되고 있다. 본 연구는 유연성, 통합, 혁신 및 기술 역량과 같은 물류 서비스 제공자(LSP)의 조직 역량이 우간다 식품 가공 회사의 물류 아웃소싱 성공에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 평가하는 것을 목표로 한다. 구조화된 설문조사를 이용하여 우간다 캄팔라에 있는 211개 식품 가공 회사에서 수집한 횡단면 데이터를 SmartPLS 3.3.7 소프트웨어를 통한 PLS-SEM(부분 최소제곱-구조방정식 모형화)으로 분석하여 이론적 관계를 검토하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 기술 및 혁신 역량은 물류 아웃소싱 성공에 긍정적이고 상당한 영향을 미치지만, 유연성 및 통합 역량의 효과는 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중요도성과분석(IPMA) 결과 물류 아웃소싱 성공을 위해서는 기술 역량이 우선순위가 가장 높고 그다음이 혁신 역량인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 유연성과 통합 역량은 우선순위가 낮았다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.17-36
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• 2023

본 연구는 전세로 거주 중인 청년(19-34세) 부부가구의 거주환경과 주거비를 네 지역으로 구분하여 비교하고 그 영향 변인을 분석한다. 2020년 주거실태조사를 횡단면 분석한 결과, 청년 부부가구는 31-32살의 대졸 이상 임금근로자인 남성 가구주가 있는 혼인 2-3년차 내외의 신혼부부였다. 맞벌이 비율이 높은 수도권 중 서울에서 무자녀의 맞벌이 2인 가구, 비수도권에서 유자녀의 외벌이 3인 가구가 두드러졌다. 수도권 가구의 자산, 전세 보증금, 부채, 소득이 비수도권보다 더 컸고, 특히 가장 큰 서울과 가장 적은 비수도권 지역 간의 격차는 더욱 벌어졌다. 또한 전체적으로 60m² 이상의 침실 3개를 갖춘 아파트에 1년 이상 거주 중이었고 최저주거기준을 충족하는 주택에 주거복지서비스 중 전세자금대출을 주로 이용 중이었다. 주택 및 전체적인 주거환경의 만족도는 특·광역시와 서울 가구에서 높은 편이었으나, 경인 가구는 모두 불만족하였고 비특·광역시 가구의 전체적인 주거환경 만족도가 가장 낮았다. 이처럼 연령, 혼인상태, 주택점유형태의 동질성에도 불구하고 지역 주택시장과 복수 소득원 여부는 가계재무 구조와 거주 질의 지역 간 차이를 키웠고, 이러한 격차는 가족 및 주거생활주기와 생애주기를 이행하는 과정에서 자산시장의 변동성으로 심화되리라 예상된다. 한편, 주택 및 전체적인 주거환경 만족도의 공통된 영향 변수는 (경인의 전체적인 주거환경 만족도를 제외하고) 근린환경 만족도였고, 주거비의 결정 변인은 지역별로 달라 서울의 주택규모, 경인의 생활편의시설 만족도, 비특·광역시의 여성 가구주 가구로 혼재된 영향력을 나타났다. 따라서 이들 주거 수준의 지역간 차이가 장기적으로 주거불균등, 나아가 지역 불균형으로 발전될 개연성이 크므로 이를 완화시킬 선제적인 대책마련이 요구된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2023

Improved fish post-harvest technologies (IFPT) have been promoted as more efficient methods of fish processing, preservation, and value addition than the traditional methods prevalent in developing countries. The adoption rates, however, do not appear to be convincing. The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-demographic and psychological factors that influence intention of Kenyan farmed fish traders to use IFPT. The technology acceptance model (TAM) was used to properly explain the impact of TAM constructs such as perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and attitude (ATT), as well as socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, education level and fish trading experience on traders' intention to use the technologies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data using a semi-structured questionnaire from 146 traders in Busia, Siaya and Kakamega counties. At a significance level of p = 0.05, a linear regression model was used to examine the socio-demographic and psychological determinants of the traders' behavioral intention to use the improved technologies. The regression analysis revealed that PU (β = 0.443; p = 0.000), PEOU (β = 0.364; p = 0.000) and ATT (β = 0.615; p = 0.000) influence traders' intention to use IFPT, with ATT having the highest influence on intention. However, the traders' socio-demographic characteristics have no effect on their intention to use the technologies, as the coefficients for gender (β = 0.148; p = 0.096), age (β = 0.016; p = 0.882), level of education (β = -0.135; p = 0.141) and fish trading experience (β = 0.017; p = 0.869) are all insignificant. These findings show that the traders intend to use IFPT and will use them when it is in their best economic interests.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.113-136
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• 2017

스마트폰 시장에서 글로벌공급망(GSCM: global supply chain management)과의 국제 전략적 제휴(ISA: international strategic alliances)를 통한 신제품 공개(NPP: new product preannouncement)는 기업의 생존과 경쟁우위를 결정하는 핵심요인이다. 이에 본 연구는 애플의 아이폰(iPhone)과 경쟁하기 위해 지속해서 신제품을 공개하고 있는 삼성전자의 갤럭시 노트시리즈(Galaxy Note series)를 중심으로 글로벌공급망을 탐색제휴(exploration alliance)와 활용제휴(exploitation alliance)로 구분하여 사건연구(event study)와 횡단면 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구결과는 탐색제휴를 통한 신기술과 활용제휴를 통한 기존기술에 관한 정보는 모두 갤럭시 노트의 신제품 공개 하루 전(-1)에 해당 부품공급업체(vendors)의 단기성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 주목할 점은 신제품 공개를 위해 적용한 신기술 정보가 기존기술 정보보다 초과수익률이 더 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이는 신기술을 제공한 기업일수록 기존기술을 제공한 기업보다 혁신역량이 높고 여유자원이 풍부하여 시장에서는 이를 긍정적인 신호로 인식하고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 이 연구는 탐색제휴로 확보한 신기술은 혁신역량과의 상호작용을 통해 신제품 공개에 도움을 주는 핵심요인으로 스마트폰 시장에서 생존 여부를 결정지을 수 있는 중요한 변수임을 실증분석을 통하여 검증하였다는 점에서 의미를 가진다.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was aimed to assess the distribution of metabolic syndrome according to Sasang constitution(SC) in acute stroke patients. Methods : We assessed the type of SC of acute stroke patients in the oriental medical hospitals of 3 universities located in metropolitan region from October 2005 to June 2007 by Ouestionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCC II). Then, we investigated the general characteristics, the prevalence of each factor of the metabolic syndrome and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome according to SC. Results : 338 subjects were included into the final analysis. 1. This study showed that the proportion of So-yang was highest of all constitutions(45.9%). 2. The prevalence of high TG, low HDL-chol, high BP, high FBS of Tae-um were higher than those of the other constitutions, but the differencecs were not statistically significant. The prevalence of high WC of Tae-um was significantly higher than other constitutions(p<0.001). 3. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome of Tae-um was significantly higher than other constitutions (p=0.002). Conclusion : There were significant differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to SC in acute stroke patients. For the further research, it seems to be necessary to construct fundamental databases for stroke by increasing the number of patients and by diagnosing SC more delicately.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was aimed to assess the distribution of Sasang constitution(SC) in acute stroke patients. Methods : We assessed the type of SC of acute stroke patients in the oriental medical hospitals of 3 universities located in metropolitan region from October 2005 to October 2006 by Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Clssification II(QSCCII). We investigated general characteristics, stroke type, blood test results, alcohol drinking, smoking and dietary preferences according to SC. Results : 236 subjects were included into the final analysis. 1. This study showed that the proportion of So-yang was highest of all constitutions(45.3%). And the body weight, body mass index, the waist circumference(WC), the hip circumference(HC), and the WC/HC ratio recorded the significantly high result in Tae-eum. 2. In the TOAST classification, SVO was the major type occupying 81.7% in the total subjects. 3. In Tae-eum, total cholesterol, triglyceride and 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose level were the highest and fasting glucose was significantly highest of all constitutions. Conclusion : From this study, we could roughly seize the distribution of Sasang constitution in acute stroke patients. For the further research, it seems to be necessary to construct fundamental databases for stroke by increasing the number of patients and by analyzing delicate characteristics of each constitution type.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2023

Background: We assessed the relationship between patient age and remifentanil dosing rate in patients managed under general anesthesia with spontaneous breathing using low-dose remifentanil in sevoflurane. Methods: The participants were patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status of 1 or 2 maintained under general anesthesia with low-dose remifentanil in 1.5-2.0% sevoflurane. The infusion rate of remifentanil was adjusted so that the spontaneous respiratory rate was half the rate prior to the induction of anesthesia, and γ^H (㎍/kg/min) was defined as the infusion rate of remifentanil under stable conditions where the respiratory rate was half the rate prior to the induction of anesthesia for ≥ 15 minutes. The relationship between γ^H and patient age was analyzed statistically by Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: During dental treatment under general anesthesia using low-dose remifentanil in sevoflurane, a significant correlation was detected between γ^H and patient age. The regression line of y = - 0.00079 x + 0.066 (y-axis; γ^H, x-axis; patient's age) was provided. The values of γ^H provide 0.064 ㎍/kg/min at 2 years and 0.0186 ㎍/kg/min at 60 years. Therefore, as age increases, the dosing rate exhibits a declining trend. Furthermore, in the dosing rate of remifentanil when the patient's respiratory rate was reduced by half from the preanesthetic respiratory rate, the dosing rate provided was around 0.88 mL/h in all ages if the remifentanil was diluted as 0.1 mg/mL. EtCO₂ showed 51.0 ± 5.7 mmHg, and SpO₂ was controlled within the normal range by this method. In addition, all dental treatments were performed without major problems, such as awakening and body movement during general anesthesia, and the post-anesthetic recovery process was stable. Conclusion: General anesthesia with spontaneous breathing provides various advantages, and the present method is appropriate for minimally invasive procedures.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.280-288
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• 2022

Objectives: One of the most widely used pesticides today is chlorpyrifos (CPF). Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2B6, the most prominent catalyst in CPF bioactivation, is highly polymorphic. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of CYP2B6^*6, which contains both 516G>T and 785A>G polymorphisms, in CPF toxicity, as represented by the concentration of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), among vegetable farmers in Central Java, Indonesia, where CPF has been commonly used. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 vegetable farmers. Individual socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, as determinants of TCPy levels, were obtained using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and subsequently used to estimate the cumulative exposure level (CEL). TCPy levels were detected with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using a TaqMan^® SNP Genotyping Assay and Sanger sequencing. Linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between TCPy, as a biomarker of CPF exposure, and its determinants. Results: The prevalence of CYP2B6^*6 polymorphisms was 31% for ^*1/^*1, 51% for ^*1/^*6, and 18% for ^*6/^*6. TCPy concentrations were higher among participants with CYP2B6^*1/^*1 than among those with ^*1/^*6 or ^*6/^*6 genotypes. CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms, smoking, CEL, body mass index, and spraying time were retained in the final linear regression model as determinants of TCPy. Conclusions: The results suggest that CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms may play an important role in influencing susceptibility to CPF exposure. CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms together with CEL, smoking habits, body mass index, and spraying time were the determinants of urinary TCPy concentrations, as a biomarker of CPF toxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study was to quantify and compare craniofacial asymmetry in subjects with and without symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). Materials and Methods: A total of 126 adult subjects were categorized into two groups (63 with a TMDs and 63 without a TMDs), based on detection of symptoms using the Temporomandibular Joint Disorder-Diagnostic Index (TMD-DI) questionnaire. Posteroanterior cephalograms of each subject were traced manually and 17 linear and angular measurements were analyzed. Craniofacial asymmetry was quantified by calculating the asymmetry index (AI) of bilateral parameters for both groups. Results: Intra- and intergroup comparisons were analyzed using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively, with a P<0.05 considered statistically significant. An AI for each linear and angular bilateral parameter was calculated; higher asymmetry was found in TMD-positive patients compared with TMD-negative patients. An intergroup comparison of AIs found highly significant differences for the parameters of antegonial notch to horizontal plane distance, jugular point to horizontal plane distance, antegonial notch to menton distance, antegonial notch to vertical plane distance, condylion to vertical plane distance, and angle formed by vertical plane, O point and antegonial notch. Significant deviation of the menton distance from the facial midline was also evident. Conclusion: Greater facial asymmetry was seen in the TMD-positive group compared with the TMD-negative group. The mandibular region was characterized by asymmetries of greater magnitude compared with the maxilla. Patients with facial asymmetry often require management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology to achieve a stable, functional, and esthetic result. Ignoring the TMJ during treatment or failing to provide proper management of the TMJ and performing only orthognathic surgery may result in worsening of TMJ-associated symptoms (jaw dysfunction and pain) and re-occurrence of asymmetry and malocclusion. Assessments of facial asymmetry should take into account TMJ disorders to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.