• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.172-176
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• 2000

A series of preliminary experiments were carried out to quantify the annoyance are noisiness caused by floor impact noise. From the results of the experiments. the heavy impact source was found to be felt louder and noisier than the light impact source. Measurements of noise were also conducted by a diagnostic system based on the model(the model consists of the autocorrelators and the cross-correlation for signals arriving at two ear entrants) of the human auditory-brain system. Physical factors in the model were calculated by use of the ACF(autocorrelation function) and IACF(interaural cross correlation function) of binaural signals. From the ACF/IACF analysis, it was found that perceived loudness of floor impact noise could be represented by the factors of the ACF/IACF model.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.109-126
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• 2022

Purpose - Based on the relevant panel data for China and 13 of the RCEP countries from 2008-2019, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the impact of trade facilitation levels on China's cross-border e-commerce exports using the expanded trade gravity model. Design/methodology - This study constructs a trade facilitation index (TFI) system, and uses the principal component analysis method to measure the trade facilitation levels of RCEP countries in 2008-2019. This result is then introduced into the extended gravity model to explore the effect of trade facilitation in RCEP countries on China's cross-border e-commerce export. Findings - It is found that the overall trade facilitation level has a significant effect on China's cross-border e-commerce exports. Among the primary indicators, with the exception of infrastructure, the other four indicators demonstrate a significant impact. The findings show that China should strengthen its cooperation with RCEP countries in trade facilitation and cross-border e-commerce to better achieve complementary regional economic development. Originality/value - This paper has three contributions: first, this paper builds a TFI system that includes five primary indicators based on the characteristics of cross-border e-commerce. Second, we explore the impact of trade facilitation levels of RCEP countries on China's cross-border e-commerce exports, which helps to fill the gap in existing studies of the impact of cross-border e-commerce exports. Third, this paper further analyzes the impact of five primary indicators on cross-border e-commerce exports; this thus provides more targeted measures to improve trade facilitation levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

In order to enhance the aviation industry in Korea, many strategies have been published by some researchers as well as the government. However, considering the constrained conditions in real, since the ranking of their importance has not determined yet, they are difficult to be implemented by decision makers. Therefore, in terms of their demand for deciding the significance of strategies, the evaluation model of this paper was developed. In this study, the Cross-impact Hierarchy Process(CHP), an linked model of both the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and Cross Impact Analysis(CIA), was selected as the best model. That is because the strategies are not independent from each other, and one strategy can affect the others depending on its realization, which can be considered in CHP. To achieve our objective, at first, the strategies were categorized and arranged according to the evaluation structure. Secondly, the parameters such as conditional probability and weights were estimated from the survey conducted by 16 experts in the aviation field. Lastly, the result of the assessment were discussed, and further studies were suggested.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.421-425
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• 2003

In this study the occlusion of dural-sac. the outer membrane of spinal cord in the lumbar region. was quantitatively analyzed using one motion segment finite element model. Occlusion was quantified by calculating cross sectional area change of dural-sac for different compressive impact duration (loading rate) due to bony fragment at the posterior wall of the cortical shell in vertebral body. Dural-sac was occluded most highly in the range of 8∼12 msec impact duration by the bony fragment intruding into the spinal canal. $\Delta$t = 400 msec case 4 % cross sectional area change was calculated. which is the same as the cross sectional area change under 6 kN of static compressive loading.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.35-48
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• 2017

As the technology convergence paradigm emerges, the need for "CIA techniques" to analyze the mutual effects of technology is increasing. However, since the CIA input parameter estimation is difficult, the present study suggests a "CIA input parameter setting model" to alleviate the difficulty of CIA input parameter estimation. This paper is focused on the difference of measurement difficulty by each scale which expert's estimation behavior was defined as measurement activity quantifying the judgment of future technology. Therefore, this model is designed to estimate the input variable as a sequence or isometric scale that is relatively easy to measure, and then converts it into a probability value. The input parameter setting model of the CIA technique consists of three sub-models : 'probability value derivation model', 'influence estimation model', and 'impact value calculation model', in order to develop a series of models the Thurstone V model, Regression Analysis, etc has been used.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.56-75
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• 2022

Purpose - This study examines the influencing factors of China's cross-border e-commerce exports in the context of the current situation and trends of China's cross-border e-commerce development. Through an improved trade gravity model, it provides more in-depth research and constructive opinions on the development of cross-border e-commerce in China. In this paper, factors such as consumption gap, volume of trade frictions, number of tourists, Internet usage and trade openness are added to the formula of the traditional trade gravity model in the improved trade gravity model to examine the influencing factors on China's cross-border e-commerce exports. Design/methodology - According to the empirical analysis, China's cross-border e-commerce exports to ten countries are used as dependent variables, and consumption gap, trade friction volume, trade distance, trade openness and number of Internet users are taken as independent variables. Regression analysis is conducted through a modified gravity model to test whether the hypotheses hold. Findings - The analysis shows that the hypothesis that China's cross-border e-commerce exports are influenced by trade openness, trade distance, consumption gap between trade parties, and the number of Internet users in the importing country is supported by these four hypotheses, but not all independent variables have an impact on them. Specifically, the number of travelers, trade frictions do not have an impact on China's cross-border e-commerce. That is to say, trade friction between China and the United States and political issues such as China-India and China-Japan territorial disputes that emerged before do not affect the development of cross-border e-commerce in China. Originality/value - The analysis shows that the factors influencing China's cross-border e-commerce exports are the trade openness of the importing country, the trade distance, the number of Internet users in the importing country, and the consumption gap between the two sides of the trade. The trade openness and the number of Internet users positively contribute to China's cross-border e-commerce, while the consumption gap and trade distance are negatively related to them. And the analysis found that the Sino-US trade war and the Sino-Indian territorial disputes and other trade frictions to China's cross-border e-commerce exports did not have a substantial impact.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.980-983
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to construct a CIDEAR (Cross Impact Data Envelopment Analysis Assurance Region) model which evaluates proposed R&D projects considering cross impacts among them and selects them to utilize R&D resources effectively as well as to maximize effectiveness of investments. For this purpose, the following six steps are designed as the main procedure. $\lceilDecision\;Theory\;&\;Evaluation\;Model\rfloor$, $\lceilAR\;Decision\;&\;Evaluation\;Model\rfloor$, $\lceilResource\;&\;Performance\;Analysis Model\rfloor$, $\lceilCross\;Impact\;Assumption\;Model\rfloor$, $\lceilpriority\;Oder\;Decision\;Model\rfloor$, $\lceilEfficiency\;Cause\;Analysis\;Model\rfloor$. $\lceilCIDEAR\rfloor$ model can deal with the affairs of R&D projects having the characteristics of mutual independence as well as mutual dependence. Hence it is possible to evaluate and select R&D projects more accurately than any other models.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.76 no.4
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• pp.465-477
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• 2020

This paper presents an investigation on the dynamic behavior of SRC columns with built-in cross-shaped steels under impact load. Seven 1/2 scaled SRC specimens were subjected to low-speed impact by a gravity drop hammer test system. Three main parameters, including the lateral impact height, the axial compression ratios and the stirrup spacing, were considered in the response analysis of the specimens. The failure mode, deformation, the absorbed energy of columns, as well as impact loads are discussed. The results are mainly characterized by bending-shear failure, meanwhile specimens can maintain an acceptable integrity. More than 33% of the input impact energy is dissipated, which demonstrates its excellent impact resistance. As the impact height increases, the flexural cracks and shear cracks observed on the surface of specimens were denser and wider. The recorded time-history of impact force and mid-span displacement confirmed the three stages of relative movement between the hammer and the column. Additionally, the displacements had a notable delay compared to the rapid changes observed in the measured impact load. The deflection of the mid-span did not exceed 5.90mm while the impact load reached peak value. The impact resistance of the specimen can be improved by proper design for stirrup ratios and increasing the axial load. However, the cracking and spalling of the concrete cover at the impact point was obvious with the increasing in stiffness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.259-262
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• 2000

The Cross-impact Hierarchy Process (CHP), an extended model of the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) which is linked to Cross Impact Analysis(CIA), is a powerful decision making tool to assist in the ranking of large number of dependent technological alternatives. In this paper, we will describe an application of the CHP to the aerospace industry. We here conducted a questionnaire survey for S company that is one of the representative aerospace companies in Korea. A questionnaire was designed to obtain both the priority with dependence (the CHP priority) and the priority with independence (the AHP priority) in order to compare the priority derived by each of two methods. The hierarchy in this case study is concerned with priority setting for R&D area to ensure dependent aerospace design technology of the company, The result shows that there exists the difference hard to neglect between the final priorities gained by two methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.242-245
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• 2001

This study is aimed to design a priority setting algorithm necessary for evaluating and selecting interdependent R&D planning system alternatives. In case that the relationship of technology alternatives is interdependent, a relative importance as occurrence or nonoccurrence of the technology alternatives viewed from the future time varies. So, we are subject to design the evaluation process considering a cross- impact of future technology alternatives. Thus, we apply the cross impact analysis (CIA) model to consider the cross-impact among interdependent system alternatives. Also, the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) model is applied to determine the priority of alternatives by taking the pair-wise comparison among factors.