• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.493-501
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• 1996

An understanding of consumers' evaluative processes and the consumer variables that influence cross-cultural evaluations of foreign products is essential to effectively penetrate international markets. This study compared consumers in two developing countries, Korea and Mexico, regarding their product evaluations and purchase intentions for US Levi's jeans. Both Korean and Mexican consumers are generally quality and price conscious. Korean consumers appeared to be more value-conscious than Mexican consumers. Mexican consumers exhibited high level of brand and prestige conscious behavior. Findings in this study support that culture bound consumer characteristics vary from country to country resulting in differences in perception of quality, value and purchase intentions for a particular product. The perception of product quality differs from perception of value and subsequent willingness to buy. For a comprehensive understanding of consumer purchase behavior, the impact of value-conscious attitude on percetion of quality and on purchase intentions should be examined.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.115-132
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• 2004

본 연구는 아동의 일상 심리학이 그들의 문화에 따라 다르게 나타나는지를 알아보고자 한 것이다. 이러한 발달적 보편성의 문제를 해결하기 위해, 우선 한국 아동과 미국 아동의 타인 행동에 대한 설명을 비교하였다. 또한 서로 다른 문화를 반영할 수 있는 분석 틀을 고안하여. 이러한 서로 다른 분석 틀에 따라 두 나라 아동의 행동설명이 어떻게 다르게 나타나는지를 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 미국식 범주인 '내적-외적' 법주와 한국식 범주인 '개인-관계-상황' 범주를 사용하였다. 연구결과. 두 나라의 아동은 타인의 행동설명에서 차이를 보여주었다. 미국 아동은 한국 아동에 비해 심리 '내적' 요인과 '개인적' 요인을 더 많이 사용하였으며. 한국 아동은 타인의 '상황적' 조건을 더 많이 고려하여 행동을 설명하였다. 그러나 두 문화권의 아동은 행동설명 과제에서 모두 '내적' 요인과 '개인적' 요인을 다른 요인보다 더 많이 선호하였으며. 오직 '상황적' 요인의 고려에서만 발달적 차이를 나타내는 공통점을 보여주었다.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.39
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• pp.177-190
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• 2015

This study investigates the difference of the cognitive approach of Korean and Chines of the space direction that modern Chinese space phrase 'N+shang'. For this, we defined the spatial meaning of the noun 'N' and space noun 'shang' then investigate the conditions when 'N+shang' means 'the substance interior direction' and 'the substance exterior direction'. Also via 'lou+shang', we conducted the survey to Korean and Chinese students in order to see the what kind of cognitive differences be shown when they approach and translate the space direction of 'N+shang' structure. As a result of the survey, we were able to find cultural difference of spatial approach of 'N+shang' between these two countries, Korean select the cognitive inference path; from the substance external direction to internal direction while Chinese select from internal to external.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.465-495
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to verify whether the concept of time conveys meanings similar to nonverbal communicative elements in foreign language education. This study surveys cultural traits of time from the French cultural education perspective. Anthropologist Edward T. Hall points out that each cultural community has developed a different perception of time and experience, and that time conveys the meaningful message nonverbally similar to the nonverbal elements such as space, gesture, eye movement, and facial expression. I investigated the time experiences of a drinking party in France and in Korea, from a cultural relativistic point of view. The subject of a drinking party was chosen on the ground that a drinking party is highly related to most people's daily lives and it also indicates how they have a relationship with others. I sought a new direction in foreign language cultural education by analyzing how cultural differences between the two communities, especially the relationships between individuals and organisations, ways to separate leisure and labor, and the nonverbal elements, are presented in the two drinking parties.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.5
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• pp.53-58
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to explore how people's evaluation and preference on color palettes differ based on their cultural background. This study used the same color palettes developed by Youngsoon Park and Denise Guerin(1992). Fourteen representative adjectives are used to analyze the meaning evaluation and preference on the six color palletes. 425 undergraduate students are se-lected from Korea, Japan, U.S. and England and ques-tionnaire was used as survey instrument. The results show that there are significant differences among the four countries in the meaning evaluation and preferences on the color palettes and the characteristics of color palettes influence the differences among the countries. The differences among the countries decrease in case of color palettes composed of warm color with low or medium value difference and chroma difference, while the differences increase in case of color palette characterized by strong color contrast with high or medi-um value difference and chroma difference. The result of color meaning evaluation can be catego-rized into Western and Eastern culture. Korea and U.S., and Japan and U.S. showed significant differences in the most words and Korea and Japan showed similarities in the most words. Therefore it can be concluded that cul-tural backgrounds related to race, region and history in-fluence the color meaning evaluation and preference. Fur-ther study should explore the relationship between color and culture using more various color instruments such as color palettes in order to categorize the various aspects of culture.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.37-55
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• 2010

Digital content piracy has been shown to be an emerging societal problem, However, Studies on digital content piracy are very limited. In this paper, we try to find whether Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB) can explain the online digital content piracy in China. In addition to the finding of TPB's usefulness, We also examine the cross-cultural differences between Korea and China in behavior towards online digital content piracy. we argue that cultural factors moderate the strength of the relationships in the TPB model in online digital content piracy. we use a theoretical model of behavior based on the framework of the TPB( Theory of Planned Behavior) and Hofstede's national cultural dimensions. Our results indicate that the general TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior) model of software piracy is broadly applicable to digital content piracy in China. Our findings also show that most of the hypothesized moderating effects of national cultural factors were found to be significant.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2020

This study is to find social welfare practices that married women migrant can provide to them in order to relieve the stress of cultural differences and enjoy a good family life. Results,First, action plans to overcome intercultural differences are needed. To overcome effective cross-cultural differences, interventions and goals are set for culturally diverse clients that match their racial, cultural, ethnic, gender and sexual orientation.Second, it is necessary to cultivate professional education personnel. In order to train professionals, cultural diversity should be addressed in existing social welfare courses.Third, the related laws need to be rearranged. The Multicultural Family Support Act continues to emerge as a need for supplementation, including the understanding of Korean family culture and the lack of counseling for immigrant women.As a result, married women immigrants recognize that Korean life is different from their own in many aspects of their daily lives, so they endeavor to have a lot of patience and high level of effort in the adaptation process. Therefore, there is a need for a social welfare practice that can support this.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.21
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• pp.271-288
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• 2010

In their everyday life, people form social phenomena and relations through the shapes and habits of animals. Therefore, animals contain the idea of the way of life of certain nations, spiritual and cultural feelings, and the symbolic meaning which can be recognized between the members of the unique nation. The symbolism of animals varies depending on different nations, because the adages are the essence of the language including their culture, thought, custom, and life. Examining their own adages can be one of the ways to find out what the animals symbolize in different nations. Another reason is that they are the dictionaries, reflecting their own way of thinking and traditional values, so to speak. The research shows that, between Korean and Chinese adages, it is in a similar frequency, using materials such as mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles, and insects. The adages are focused on the 12 animals which is familiar to both nations, a rat, an ox, a tiger, a rabbit, a dragon, a snake, a horse, a lamb, a monkey, a rooster, a dog and a boar. We compared the symbolism, the surface meanings in adages, and the figurative meanings of these animals in Korea and China. As a result, it is found that some are almost the same in usage. However, some are totally different such as expressions related to the animals, the cultural differences and clear understanding. It is necessary to do comparative researches in a detailed and various way by studying the issues derived from verbalism.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

Purpose - It is well known that chemyon, referred to by Westerners as face, naturally penetrates the daily life of Asians and influences their cognition, emotion, and behavior. Studies related to chemyon have been conducted in marketing and consumer behavior fields (e.g., luxury products or brands, service failure and recovery, brand preferences, consumer decision making, wedding ceremony, gift giving). A bulk of studies demonstrate that chemyon influences consumption behavior in Asian consumers. Although chemyon significantly influences consumption behavior of Asian consumers, it is also a cultural phenomenon that is not completely explained within the Western viewpoint. Whereas a number of researchers have approached cross-cultural studies of Asian and Western consumers, a limited number of studies have examined it from the perspective of chemyom. The purpose of this study is to compare the phenomenon that chemyon (face) not only affects the consumption behavior of Asia and the West universally (pan-culturally), but also distinctively (culture-specifically). That is, the purpose of this study is to describe that chemyon (face) is not only a culture-specific phenomenon but also a universal phenomenon in the consumption behavior of Asian and Western consumers, even though the extent that chemyon (face) impacts consumption behavior is differentiated. This study aims to understand commonalities and differences between Asian and Western consumption behavior in terms of chemyon (face), and to suggest how to enhance marketing effectiveness in a global market based on understanding the consumption behavior of Asia and the West. Research design, data, and methodology - Using systematic literature review and meta-analysis, this study investigates consumption behavior of Asian and Western consumers from the perspective of chemyon (face). Systematic literature review was used to compare face (chemyon) consumption of Western consumers with that of Asian consumers. To verify systematic literature review, meta-analysis was also accomplished. Results - First, the influence of face (chemyon) on consumption behavior is observed in Western consumers as well as Asian consumers. Second, Asian consumers are more influenced by face (chemyon) than Western consumers. Conclusions - Overall, chemyon (face) can affect the consumption behavior of Asians as well as the consumption behavior of Westerners.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.351-379
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• 2012

Understanding the cultures of other countries is not as fast as the speed of internationalization. As globalization advances, interest and research on the characteristics of national culture differences have been increasing. One of the important challenges for business leaders is the ability to understand and deal with cross-cultural management. But there is a lack of research on cross-cultural management and suitable type of leadership. In order to achieve this objective, this study, adopts Hofstede cultural dimensions, and finds the impact of these kinds of leadership on organizational performance. Feminism, collectivism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance were classified into four factors of cultural orientation that affect the selection of initiating structure and consideration leadership. In this research, among virtue factors of leadership, structure initiation and leadership consideration are focused on how to affect organizational effectiveness of the result factor by national culture. This research has concentrated on how leadership-styles among national-cultures have influence on organizational-effectiveness.