• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2020

Background: This study aims to statistically analyze and compare the curative effect and satisfaction level between typical traditional Korean medicine treatment and nonsurgical spinal decompression treatment. Methods: Of the patients who were diagnosed with the cervical or lumbar herniated intervertebral disc at the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine at the Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital from April 14^th to August 25^th, 2019, this study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 31 patients who underwent nonsurgical spinal decompression treatment and traditional Korean medicine (assigned to Group A) and another 31 patients who received typical traditional Korean medicine alone (assigned to Group B). The clinical data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 23.0. Results: No statistically significant differences appeared in terms of sociodemographic, condition, and therapeutic characteristics, except whether the patient received Western medicine treatment, before or after a treatment with traditional Korean medicine. Group A exhibited higher variations in numeric rating scale, EuroQol- 5 dimension and EuroQol visual analogue scale scores compared to Group B as determined by independent sample t test and analysis of covariance. In addition, the satisfaction score of Group A was higher than that of Group B The result of cross analysis revealed that desire for continued treatment in Group A was higher than that of Group B. Conclusion: This retrospective observational study showed that the patients with nonsurgical spinal decompression treatment reported a greater reduction in pain, improved quality of life and satisfaction than patients receiving typical traditional Korean medicine.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.141-154
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• 1987

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 전최적화(全最適化) 과정(過程)을 two-Levels로 나누었다. Level-1에서는 작용하중(作用荷重) 및 설계응력(設計應力)을 정규분포(正規分布)로 하는 확률변수(確率變數)로 하여 각부재(各部材)가 허용파괴확률(許容破壞確率)을 초과(超過)하지 않도록 단면(斷面) 최적화(最適化)하고 Level-2에서는 트러스의 절점좌표(節點座標)를 변수(變數)로 하여 형상(形狀) 최적화(最適化)한 것이다. Level-1에서는 유도(誘導)된 비선형계획문제(非線型計劃問題)를 SUMT문제(問題)로 교환(交換)시켜 Modified Newton-Raphson Method에 의한 SUMT법(法)을 채택(採擇)하고 Level-2에서는 Powell Method의 일방향(一方向) 조사법(調査法)에 의해 목적함수(目的函數)만이 최소(最小)가 되도록 하는 기법(技法)을 도입(導入)하여 형상(形狀) 최적화(最適化)를 하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2016

In this paper, we utilize a Gaussian process to predict the power consumption in the air-conditioning system. As the power consumption in the air-conditioning system takes a form of a time-series and the prediction of the power consumption becomes very important from the perspective of the efficient energy management, it is worth to investigate the time-series model for the prediction of the power consumption. To this end, we apply the Gaussian process to predict the power consumption, in which the Gaussian process provides a prior probability to every possible function and higher probabilities are given to functions that are more likely consistent with the empirical data. We also discuss how to estimate the hyper-parameters, which are parameters in the covariance function of the Gaussian process model. We estimated the hyper-parameters with two different methods (marginal likelihood and leave-one-out cross validation) and obtained a model that pertinently describes the data and the results are more or less independent of the estimation method of hyper-parameters. We validated the prediction results by the error analysis of the mean relative error and the mean absolute error. The mean relative error analysis showed that about 3.4% of the predicted value came from the error, and the mean absolute error analysis confirmed that the error in within the standard deviation of the predicted value. We also adopt the non-parametric Wilcoxon's sign-rank test to assess the fitness of the proposed model and found that the null hypothesis of uniformity was accepted under the significance level of 5%. These results can be applied to a more elaborate control of the power consumption in the air-conditioning system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.449-459
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• 2017

High-rise buildings are generally sensitive to strong winds. The evaluation of wind loads for the structural design, structural health monitoring (SHM), and vibration control of high-rise buildings is of primary importance. Nevertheless, it is difficult or even infeasible to measure the wind loads on an existing building directly. In this regard, a new inverse method for evaluating wind loads on high-rise buildings is developed in this study based on a discrete-time Kalman filter. The unknown structural responses are identified in conjunction with the wind loads on the basis of limited structural response measurements. The algorithm is applicable for estimating wind loads using different types of wind-induced response. The performance of the method is comprehensively investigated based on wind tunnel testing results of two high-rise buildings with typical external shapes. The stability of the proposed algorithm is evaluated. Furthermore, the effects of crucial factors such as cross-section shapes of building, the wind-induced response type, errors of structural modal parameters, covariance matrix of noise, noise levels in the response measurements and number of vibration modes on the identification accuracy are examined through a detailed parametric study. The research outputs of the proposed study will provide valuable information to enhance our understanding of the effects of wind on high-rise buildings and improve codes of practice.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.52-96
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• 1998

To find causal factors and improvement plans of organizational commitment of public servants in urban health centers, a hypothetical causal model, which included 2 endogenous variables(organizational commitment & organizational satisfaction) and 15 exogenous variables, was constructed. Exogenous variables consisted of individual factors (sex, age, education, job-grade, and annual salary), psychological variables(pride for organization, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation and support of supervisor) ad structural variables(formalization, centralization, communication, job-conflict, job-decision, and workload). In the hypothetical causal model, organizational commitment was supposed to be effect variable, and organizational satisfaction was presumed to be intervening variable to mediate between organizational commitment and exogenous variables. For data collection, cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to 1,295 public servants from 32 urban health centers nationwide. The survey responses were from 934, 72.1% of subjects. But 756 responses(58.4%) were analyzed because of excluding ones with missing values. The hypothetical causal model was fitted by covariance structural analysis with maximum likelihood method. Main results were as follows: (1) The fitted causal model accounted for 33 and 55 percent of total variance of organizational commitment and organizational satisfaction of public servants, respectively. (2) In order of effect size, pride for organization, supervisor support, communication, extrinsic motivation and centralization had an indirect effect effect on organizational commitment through organizational satisfaction. However, the effect of centralization was negative. (3) Pride for organiztion, intrinsic motivation, organizational satisfaction, job-conflict, supervisor support, communication, age, centralization, annual salar and extrinsic motivation had indirect or direct effects on organizational commitment in order of effect size. Among them, effects of job-conflict and centraldization were negative. In conclusion, these results suggested that organizational commitment of public servants in urban health centers could be enhanced by pride for organization, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, prevention of job-conflict and excess centralization, supervisor support and active communication. Especially, pride for organization and intrinsic motivation were expected to play the most important role.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study assessed household food security status and determined its association with diet quality and weight status among indigenous women from the Mah Meri tribe in Peninsular Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity Instrument and the Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (HEI) were used to assess household food security status and diet quality, respectively. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected through face-to-face interview, and anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained from 222 women. RESULTS: Majority of households (82.9%) experienced different levels of food insecurity: 29.3% household food insecurity, 23.4% individual food insecurity, and 30.2% fell into the child hunger group. The food-secure group had significantly fewer children and smaller household sizes than the food-insecure groups (P < 0.05). The mean household income, income per capita, and food expenditure significantly decreased as food insecurity worsened (P < 0.001). The food-secure group had significantly higher Malaysian HEI scores for grains and cereals (P < 0.01), as well as for meat, poultry, and eggs (P < 0.001), than the food-insecure groups. The child-hunger group had significantly higher fat (P < 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.001) scores than the food-secure and household food-insecure groups. Compared to the individual food-insecure and child-hunger groups, multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the food-secure group was significantly associated with a higher Malaysian HEI score while the household food-insecure group was significantly associated with a higher BMI after controlling for age (P < 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of indigenous households faced food insecurity. Food insecurity at the individual and child levels was associated with lower quality of diet, while food insecurity at the household level was associated with higher body weight. Therefore, a substantial effort by all stakeholders is warranted to improve food insecurity among poorer households. The results suggest a pressing need for nutritional interventions to improve dietary intake among low income households.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore self-directed learning ability and its affecting factors among undergraduate students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Using a convenience sampling method, data were collected from 196 undergraduate students enrolled in one national university. Negative psychological tendency (i.e. Type D personality), academic engagement, and self-directed learning ability were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of covariance, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple linear regression, using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: The mean age of the students was $21.61{\pm}2.40years$ and 56.6% were male students. Approximately, one third (n=67, 34.2%) of the students had Type D personality. The average scores of academic engagement and self-directed learning ability were $3.01{\pm}1.14$ and $3.46{\pm}0.50$, respectively. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, the Type D personality and academic engagement were significant predictors of self-directed learning ability (${\beta}=.64$, p<.001; ${\beta}=-.13$, p=.021, respectively). This model explained 53.6% of the variance in self-directed learning ability. Conclusion: The study identified that Type D personality and academic engagement affect self-directed learning ability of undergraduate students, one in a negative way, the other in a positive way. Educators and educational policy makers need to make efforts to include interventions and strategies that increase academic engagement and change negative psychological dispositions such as D-type personality in the undergraduate education curriculum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.523-536
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• 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the association between sleep problems and food allergies (FAs) in Chinese preschoolers and assessed whether there is a difference in this association among children with/without siblings. Methods: A cluster-stratified sampling approach was employed to select four districts in Chongqing based on demographic considerations. A total of 16 kindergartens (n = 966 parents) participated in this study. Parents completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and a standard FAs questionnaire. Analysis of covariance and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the associations between sleep problems and FAs after adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: The study found that 16.3% of children had FAs, with eggs, shellfish, and fruit being the most common allergenic foods. The prevalence of FAs was significantly higher in single children (20.63%) than in children with siblings (13.36%). A total of 70.39% of children had CSHQ scores above the clinical cut-off for sleep disorder. Factor analysis revealed five underlying dimensions from the CSHQ. Factor scores, except for the 'difficulty morning waking' factor, were not significantly different between the two groups. Remarkably, the factor scores of 'parasomnias' and 'sleep anxiety' were significantly higher when children had both siblings and FAs. For all subjects, the odds ratios (ORs) of FAs significantly increased with the presence of sleep disorder (OR, 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.50-3.68) and 'difficulty falling asleep' (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22-1.48). The subgroup analysis showed that the probability of FAs significantly increased with the 'difficulty falling asleep' (OR, 1.32 vs. 1.38) and sleep disorder (OR, 2.48 vs. 2.14) in children with and without siblings, respectively. The 'parasomnias' was positively associated only with children with siblings. Conclusion: This study suggests that children with siblings might be more susceptible to FAs when accompanied by certain sleep problems. Further studies are warranted to address the underlying dimensions and possible mediation effects of having siblings with sleep problems.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.136-140
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• 1985

옥수수 위축모자이크바이러스병의 저항성품종 육성을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 8개 옥수수 자식계통을 공시하여 이면교배에 의하여 조합능력검정 및 유전자의 분포상태를 추정한 요약하면 다음과 같다. 28개 $F_1$ 잡종조합의 본 바이러스에 대한 반응은 다양하여 이병도(1-4)의 조사결과 1.87에서 3.63까지 변이의 폭을 보였다. 조합능력의 분산분석결과 일반조합능력은 고도의 유의성이 인정되었으며, 특정조합능력은 유의성이 확정되지 않았다. 일반조합능력의 효과는 A632와 KS15가 부의 효과를 나타내어 이들 계통을 모본으로 사용하였을 때 잡종조합에 있어서 저항성을 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다. 특정조합능력의 효과는 A632와 KS5의 조합에서 가장 높은 부의 값을 나타내었으며 몇 개의 조합에서 부의 효과를 나타내었다. 회귀분석에 의한 유전자의 분포상태조사에서 저항성계통에는 우성유전자가 이병성계통에는 열성유전자가 많이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.75-106
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• 2007

본 연구는 유가요인이 업종별 주식수익률 결정요인으로 작용하는 지 여부와 유가요인과의 공분산 리스크가 업종별로 차이가 나는 원인에 관해서 분석하였다. 첫째, 업종별로 주식의 기대수익률이 유가요인에 대한 리스크프리미엄의 함수로 결정되는 지 여부를 분석하기 위한 검증모형으로 시장 포트폴리오, 국제유가요인으로 구성된 Two-factor APT를 사용하였다. 또한, 베타리스크에 영향을 주는 유가변동률 분산의 주식 수익률로의 전이현상도 함께 살펴보았다. 유가변동성의 비대칭성을 감안하여 GJR을 해당분석의 검증모형으로 사용하였다. 분석결과 전기 전자업종에서 유가요인은 독립적인 가격결정요인임이 입증되었고, 동업종에서만 유가변동성의 주식수익률로의 전이효과가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유가요인과의 공분산 리스크가 업종별로 차이가 나는 원인을 분석하기 위해 두가지 분석과정이 고려되었다. 첫 번째로 규모 및 유동성을 나타내는 대리변수를 통제변수로 고려하여 업종별로 유가요인에 대한 베타리스크 존재여부를 확인하였다. 두 번째로 유동성 및 규모의 차이와 유가요인에 대한 베타와의 관계를 체계적으로 규명하고자 시계열로 구성된 횡단면 자료간의 관련성을 효율적으로 분석할 수 있는 Panel-data model을 이용하였다. 분석결과 시가총액 비중이 큰 전기 전자업종에서만 유가요인이 독립적 가격결정요인임이 확인되었고, 여타 업종에서 유가요인에 대한 베타리스크는 규모에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 패널분석결과 전체 포트폴리오에서 차지하는 업종별 시가총액의 비중이 클수록 유가요인에 대한 베타는 증가하는 것으로 나타나 첫 번째 분석과정의 결과를 지지하였다. 결론적으로 국내주식시장에서 전기 전자업의 기대수익률은 시장포트폴리오와 국제유가요인에 대한 리스크프리미엄의 함수로 결정되고 있으며, 유가요인에 대한 베타리스크 수준이 업종별로 차이가 나는 원인은 규모의 차이에 기인하는 것으로 분석된다.