• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2005

노심설계 해석체계로 사용하는 HELIOS-MASTER코드를 이용하여 SAMRT연구로 사용 후 핵연료 저장조에 대한 임계도 해석체계를 개발하였다. 저장조의 기하학적 모형에 대한 거시 단면적을 HELIOS코드를 이용하여 생산하고, 저장조의 3차원 모델에 대한 임계도를 MASTER코드로 평가하였다. 또한 3차원 MCNP계산을 통하여 HELIOS-MASTER체계를 이용한 임계도 평가의 타당성을 검증하였다 HELIOS-MASTER코드 체계를 이용한 임계도 해석결과가 약간 보수적인 방향으로 허용오차 범위 내에서 정확도를 유지하였다. HELIOS-MASTER 코드 체계는 3차원 연소계산이 가능하기 때문에 차후에 연소이력을 고려한 사용후 연료 저장조에 대한 임계해석에 유용할 것이다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2014

The object of this paper is to evaluate the fission product inventories and radiological doses in a non-LOCA event, based on the U.S. NRC's regulatory methodologies recommended by the TID-14844 and the RG 1.195. For choosing a non-LOCA event, one fuel assembly was assumed to be melted by a channel blockage accident. The Hanul nuclear power reactor unit 6 and the CE $16{\times}16$ fuel assembly were selected as the computational models. The burnup cross section library for depletion calculations was produced using the TRITON module in the SCALE6.1 computer code system. Based on the recently licensed values for fuel enrichment and burnup, the source term calculation was performed using the ORIGEN-ARP module. The fission product inventories released into the environment were obtained with the assumptions of the TID-14844 and the RG 1.195. With two kinds of source terms, the radiological doses of public in normal environment reflecting realistic circumstances were evaluated by applying the average condition of meteorology, inhalation rate, and shielding factor. The statistical analysis was first carried out using consecutive three year-meteorological data measured at the Hanul site. The annual-averaged atmospheric dispersion factors were evaluated at the shortest representative distance of 1,000 m, where the residents are actually able to live from the reactor core, according to the methodology recommended by the RG 1.111. The Korean characteristic-inhalation rate and shielding factor of a building were considered for a series of dose calculations.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.593-610
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• 2016

In this study, an innovative and smart glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) hybrid bar was developed for stronger durability of concrete structures. As comparing with the conventional GFRP bar, the smart GFRP Hybrid bar can promise to enhance the modulus of elasticity so that it makes the cracking reduced than the case when the conventional GFRP bar is used. Besides, the GFRP Hybrid bar can effectively resist the corrosion of conventional steel bar by the GFRP outer surface on the steel bar. In order to verify the bond performance of the GFRP hybrid bar for structural reinforcement, uniaxial pull-out test was conducted. The variables were the bar diameter and the number of strands and pitch of the fiber ribs. Tensile tests showed a excellent increase in the modulus of elasticity, 152.1 GPa, as compared to that of the pure GFRP bar (50 GPa). The stress-strain curve was bi-linear, so that the ductile performance could be obtained. For the bond test, the entire GFRP hybrid bar test specimens failed in concrete splitting due to higher shear strength resulting in concrete crushing as a function of bar deformation. Investigation revealed that an increase in the number of strands of fiber ribs enhanced the bond strength, and the pitch guaranteed the bond strength of 19.1 mm diameter hybrid bar with 15.9 mm diameter of core section of deformed steel the ACI 440 1R-15 equation is regarded as more suitable for predicting the bond strength of GFRP hybrid bars, whereas the CSA S806-12 prediction is considered too conservative and is largely influenced by the bar diameter. For further study, various geometrical and material properties such as concrete cover, cross-sectional ratio, and surface treatment should be considered.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.440-446
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• 2012

A twisted cylinder has been newly designed by rotating the elliptic cross section along the spanwise direction in order to reduce the drag and vorticies in wake region. The flow around the twisted cylinder at a subcritical Reynolds number (Re) of 3000 is investigated to analyze the effect of twisted spiral pattern on the drag reduction and vortex suppression using large eddy simulation (LES). The instantaneous wake structures of the twisted cylinder are compared with those of a circular and a wavy cylinder at the same Re. The shear layer of the twisted cylinder covering the recirculation region is more elongated than that of the circular and the wavy cylinder. Successively, vortex shedding of the twisted cylinder is considerably suppressed, compared with those of the circular and the wavy cylinder. Consequently, the mean drag coefficient and the fluctuating lift of the twisted cylinder are less than those of the circular and the wavy cylinder.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2012

A load-following operation in APR+ nuclear plants is necessary to reduce the need to adjust the boric acid concentration and to efficiently control the control rods for flexible operation. In particular, a disproportion in the axial flux distribution, which is normally caused by a load-following operation in a reactor core, causes xenon oscillation because the absorption cross-section of xenon is extremely large and its effects in a reactor are delayed by the iodine precursor. A model predictive control (MPC) method was used to design an automatic load-following controller for the integrated thermal power level and axial shape index (ASI) control for APR+ nuclear plants. Some tracking controllers employ the current tracking command only. On the other hand, the MPC can achieve better tracking performance because it considers future commands in addition to the current tracking command. The basic concept of the MPC is to solve an optimization problem for generating finite future control inputs at the current time and to implement as the current control input only the first control input among the solutions of the finite time steps. At the next time step, the procedure to solve the optimization problem is then repeated. The support vector regression (SVR) model that is used widely for function approximation problems is used to predict the future outputs based on previous inputs and outputs. In addition, a genetic algorithm is employed to minimize the objective function of a MPC control algorithm with multiple constraints. The power level and ASI are controlled by regulating the control banks and part-strength control banks together with an automatic adjustment of the boric acid concentration. The 3-dimensional MASTER code, which models APR+ nuclear plants, is interfaced to the proposed controller to confirm the performance of the controlling reactor power level and ASI. Numerical simulations showed that the proposed controller exhibits very fast tracking responses.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.379-383
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• 1996

조생종 쌀인 오대벼 품종을 대상으로 종자의 배유세포에 있는 전분복합체와 단백질체의 외부형태 및 미세 구조의 특징을 광학현미경과 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 배유세포는 긴 막대모양으로 세로 단면이 장방형 또는 마름모형을 하고 있고, 세포벽은 $0.5\;{\mu}m$의 두께로 균질한 막상 구조물로 이루어져 있다. 또한, 세포내에는 구형 또는 타원형의 전분복합체가 치밀하게 채워져 있으며, 직경이 $18{\sim}25\;{\mu}m$로 다양한 크기로 존재하였다. 전분복합체는 12면체 또는 14면체의 중앙 전분과립을 중심으로 약 $5\;{\mu}m$ 크기의 전분과립들이 동심원상으로 2 내지 3층으로 형성되어 있다. 배유세포에서 단백질체는 호분층에서 보다 아주 드물게 관찰되었지만, 전분복합체의 주변에 인립하여 산재하고 있다. 단백질체는 직경이 약 $3\;{\mu}m$로 구형 또는 난원형의 형태를 하고 있으며 미세구조적으로 중심부는 전자밀도가 높게, 한계막의 주변부는 비교적 전자밀도가 낮게 관찰되었다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.109-114
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• 2008

This paper presents the development status of a subscale precooled turbojet engine "S-engine" for the hypersonic cruiser and space place. S-engine employs the precooled-cycle using liquid hydrogen as fuel and coolant. It has $23cm{\times}23cm$ of rectangular cross section, 2.6 m of the overall length and about 100 kg of the target weight employing composite materials for a variable-geometry rectangular air-intake and nozzle. The design thrust and specific impulse at sea-level-static(SLS) are 1.2 kN and 2,000 sec respectively. After the system design and component tests, a prototype engine made of metal was manufactured and provided for the system firing test using gaseous hydrogen in March 2007. The core engine performance could be verified in this test. The second firing test using liquid hydrogen was conducted in October 2007. The engine, fuel supplying system and control system for the next flight test were used in this test. We verified the engine start-up sequence, compressor-turbine matching and performance of system and components. A flight test of S-engine is to be conducted by the Balloon-based Operation Vehicle(BOV) at Taiki town in Hokkaido in October 2008. The vehicle is about 5 m in length, 0.55 m in diameter and 500 kg in weight. The vehicle is dropped from an altitude of 40 km by a high-altitude observation balloon. After 40 second free-fall, the vehicle pulls up and S-engine operates for 60 seconds up to Mach 2. High altitude tests of the engine components corresponding to the BOV flight condition are also conducted.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년도 제31회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.449-452
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• 2008

환형 스월 난류 연소기 내에서 반응, 비반응시 발생하는 유동의 차이를 flamelet 난류연소와 난류유동 모델을 모두 고려한 3차원 LES 기법으로 연구하였다. 계산 모델은 GEAE의 LM6000 환형연소기를 이용하였으며, 조건은 실험에서 얻어진 값을 이용하였다. 연소시 열방출에 의해 연소가스의 체적이 팽창하고 이로 인해 유입되는 스월의 주흐름은 하류방향으로 더욱 뻗어나간다. 비반응에서 나타났던 수직 단면에서의 타원형의 속도 분포는 원형에 가깝게 변하며, 비반응 유동장에서는 와류의 분포가 광범위하게 나타나지만, 반응유동에서는 약한 와류들은 소멸되는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 반응과 비반응에서 와류 분포와 강도, 그리고 동일 세기의 와류의 크기가 확연히 다르게 나타나는데, 이는 연소에 의한 밀도 팽창에 의한 영향으로 판단된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2104-2125
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• 2021

This paper presents the verification and validation (V&V) of a calculation module for isotope inventory prediction to control the back-end cycle of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The calculation method presented herein was implemented in a two-step code system of a lattice code STREAM and a nodal diffusion code RAST-K. STREAM generates a cross section and provides the number density information using branch/history depletion branch calculations, whereas RAST-K supplies the power history and three history indices (boron concentration, moderator temperature, and fuel temperature). As its primary feature, this method can directly consider three-dimensional core simulation conditions using history indices of the operating conditions. Therefore, this method reduces the computation time by avoiding a recalculation of the fuel depletion. The module for isotope inventory calculates the number densities using the Lagrange interpolation method and power history correction factors, which are applied to correct the effects of the decay and fission products generated at different power levels. To assess the reliability of the developed code system for back-end cycle analysis, validation study was performed with 58 measured samples of pressurized water reactor (PWR) SNF, and code-to-code comparison was conducted with STREAM-SNF, HELIOS-1.6 and SCALE 5.1. The V&V results presented that the developed code system can provide reasonable results with comparable confidence intervals. As a result, this paper successfully demonstrates that the isotope inventory prediction code system can be used for spent nuclear fuel analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권6호
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• pp.627-635
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• 2019

In order to study the axial compression performance of sand-lightweight concrete-filled steel tube (SLCFST) stub columns, three circular SLCFST (C-SLCFST) stub column specimens and three SLCFST square (S-SLCFST) stub column specimens were fabricated and static monotonic axial compression performance testing was carried out, using the volume ratio between river sand and ceramic sand in sand-lightweight concrete (SLC) as a varying parameter. The stress process and failure mode of the specimens were observed, stress-strain curves were obtained and analysed for the specimens, and the ultimate bearing capacity of SLCFST stub column specimens was calculated based on unified strength theory, limit equilibrium theory and superposition theory. The results show that the outer steel tubes of SLCFST stub columns buckled outward, core SLC was crushed, and the damage to the upper parts of the S-SLCFST stub columns was more serious than for C-SLCFST stub columns. Three stages can be identified in the stress-strain curves of SLCFST stub columns: an elastic stage, an elastic-plastic stage and a plastic stage. It is suggested that AIJ-1997, CECS 159:2004 or AIJ-1997, based on superposition theory, can be used to design the ultimate bearing capacity under axial compression for C-SLCFST and S-SLCFST stub columns; for varying replacement ratios of natural river sand, the calculated stress-strain curves for SLCFST stub columns under axial compression show good fitting to the test measure curves.