• 한국해양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 1995

한국 서해 동진강-만경강 하구역과 인접 연안역에 발달한 조간대의 퇴적환경과 생 층서에 대하여 연구지역에서 채취한 5개의 진동시추코아 퇴적환경과 생층서에 대하여 연구지역에서 채취한 5개의 진동시추코아 퇴적물의 퇴적상과 규조군집분석을 통해 연 구하였다. 시추공 퇴적물은 주로 니질 및 사질로 조성되어 있으며 생혼퇴적 구조와 교 호엽총리, 후라저총리, 연흔사총리등의 퇴적구조들이 여러 층들에서 관찰된다. 전체 적으로 니질퇴적층이 사질퇴적층보다 우세하며 사질층을 제외한 대부분의 지질퇴적층 에는 다수의 규조각들이 함유되어 있다. 총 61속 219종 및 변종의 규조가 동정되었으 며 산출되는 규조중 가장 다산되는 종은 Paralia sulcata 이다. 그외 Cyclotella striata Thalassionema nitzschioides Actinoptychus undulatus, Delphineis surirella, Rhaphoneis amphiceros 등이 다산된다. 산출되는 대부분의 규조는 기수 및 해수역의 연안 혹은 천해에서 서식하는 저서성 및 우연적 혹은 부분적 부유성종이다. 담수종은 1∼5%정도로 남양만 조간대에 대해 높은 산출을 보인다. 규조류의 알려진 생 태와 여러 충준에서 관찰되는 교호엽총리, 후라저총리, 연혼사총리등의 퇴적구조는 본 연구 퇴적층이 하천수의 유입을 어느 정도 받고 한수 보다는 난수의 영향을 더 강하게 받는 조간대 환경하에서 퇴적된 것으로 추정된다. 그리고 생태적 측면에서 규조군집의 수직적 변화가 인지되지 않는 것으로 보아 퇴적기간 동안 퇴적환경의 뚜렷한 변화는 없었던 것으로 생각된다. Q-mode을 이용한 규조군집 부산광역시 결과 각 시추공 별로 각각 2개의 군집으로 분류되었으며 이들 군집으로 분류되었으며 이들 군집들의 충위적 분포를 근거하여 시추공간의 생충서적 대비를 시도해 보았다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2003

본 연구는 최근 관심의 대상이 되고 있는 관계적 자아(relational self)에 대한 연구로서 두 가지 목적에서 출발하였다. 첫째는 한국인이 중요하게 생각하는 관계적 자아의 의미와 구성요인들을 탐색하고, 남녀가 과연 관계적 자아해석의 내용에 있어 차이가 있는가를 알아보는 것이다. 두 번째는 관계적 자아의 구성요인들에 대한 구성개념 타당도를 검증하기 위해 관계적 자아 척도를 구성하고 남녀차이분석과 함께 관계적 자아와 관련된 척도(상호의존적 자아해석척도와 성역할정체감 척도)와의 관계성을 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 설문과 FGI(Focused Group Interview)를 실시하여 관계적 자아의 특성들을 파악하고 그 유사성에 따라 내용분석을 한 결과, 관계적 자아를 구성하는 하위요인이 크게 두 가지 차원, 즉, 도구성와 표현성이며 남성의 경우 도구성이, 여성의 경우 표현성이 강조되고 있음을 밝혀내었다. 설문과 FGI 내용을 바탕으로 각 차원을 측정하는 문항들을 구성하였으며, 이 척도를 조사기관에 의뢰하여 전국을 대표하는 표본 1503명에게 실시하였다. 각 척도에 대한 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 도구성은 실리성, 독자성, 주도성, 유능성, 주체성과 같은 요인들로 구성되었고, 표현성은 공감성, 의존성, 배려, 수동성 요인으로 구성되었다. 도구성과 표현성에 대한 남녀 차이를 분석한 결과, 예측한대로 각각의 요인별로 남녀차이가 유의미하게 나타나 대체적으로 도구성 차원에서는 남성이 높았고, 표현성 차원에서는 여성이 더 높은 점수를 보였다. 한편, 기존의 연구에서 관계적 자아척도로 자주 사용되어온 Cross(2000)의 상호의존적 자아해석 척도에서는 남녀차이가 나타나지 않아 집합주의 문화의 특성이 강한 우리 사회는 남녀 모두에게 타인과의 관계성이 중요한 자아구성 요인임을 짐작하게 하였다. 위와 같은 두 연구 결과는 관계가 남녀 모두에게 중요하지만 관계성의 의미나 관계성에 대한 기대, 유지 방식 등에 있어 남녀가 다름을 보여주고 있다. 또 Cross의 상호의존적 자아해석 척도는 본 연구에서 개발된 도구성과 표현성 척도 중 표현성 차원과 관련이 높았고 도구성 요인들 중에서는 유능성과 상관이 높게 나타났다. 성역할 정체감 척도와의 관계를 살펴보면, 기대한 바와 같이 여성성 점수와 표현성간에 그리고 남성성 점수와 도구성간에 높은 상관이 나타나 남성과 여성이 보이는 관계적 자아의 차이가 성역할 사회화와 관련이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 외에 연구의 제한점과 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2016

Objectives This study analyzed the associations between mobile phone call frequency and duration with non-specific symptoms. Methods This study was conducted with a population group including 532 non-patient adults established by the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The pattern of phone call using a mobile phone was investigated through face-to-face interview. Structured methods applied to quantitatively assess health effects are Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory, Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 12-item Short Form Health Survey where a higher score represents a higher greater health effect. Results The average daily phone call frequency showed a significant correlation with the PSS score in female subjects. Increases in the average duration of one phone call were significantly correlated with increases in the severity of headaches in both sexes. The mean (standard deviation) HIT-6 score in the subgroup of subjects whose average duration of one phone call was five minutes or longer was 45.98 (8.15), as compared with 42.48 (7.20) in those whose average duration of one phone call was <5 minutes. The severity of headaches was divided into three levels according to the HIT-6 score (little or no impact/moderate impact/substantial or severe impact), and a logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between an increased phone call duration and the headache severity. When the average duration of one phone call was five minutes or longer, the odds ratio (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the moderate impact group were 2.22 and 1.18 to 4.19, respectively. The OR and 95% CI for the substantial or severe impact group were 4.44 and 2.11 to 8.90, respectively. Conclusions Mobile phone call duration was not significantly associated with stress, sleep, cognitive function, or depression, but was associated with the severity of headaches.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the raise of cigarette prices by KRW 2,000 at the beginning of 2015 on the change in smoking behavior among male office workers, and to analyze the correlation of various factors including their work behaviors and socio-economic factors with their smoking rate. Methods: In this research, a follow-up observation panel was constituted with 420 smokers as targets from among male office workers at a bank located in Daegu, South Korea. A cross-analysis and ANOVA analysis were carried out in order to examine whether changes in smoking status, amount of smoking, stop-smoking motivation, and reasons for smoking cessation failure after the passage of time since the cigarette price hike were statistically significant. The level of statistical significance was P < 0.05. Results: After the cigarette price hike, among the 420 smokers who were the target of the panel the rate of smoking cessation declined at the time-point of the survey to 15.5%, 12.4%, 8.5%, and 5.7% after one month, three months, six months, and 12 months, respectively. As a result of a follow-up observation of 65 smokers who stopped smoking immediately after the price hike, the actual non-smoking rate declined to 15.5%, 8.3%, 4.4%, and 3.1% after one month, three months, six months, and 12 months, respectively. One (1) year after the cigarette price hike, the non-smoking rate among the 420 smokers reached as low as 3.1% (13 persons). The most important reason for the failure of the attempts to quit smoking was stress for more than 60% of the smokers who attempted to stop. Conclusions: It seems that a powerful anti-smoking policy by the state targeting the nation's workers is necessary. For companies, mediation for workers' job stress can become a strategy for the success of non-smoking attempts. The government seems to require a practical policy to reduce the smoking rate by actively carrying out social, economic, and scientific research to come up with a reduction method for the cigarette hazard, an effective price hike policy, and other non-price policies.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.160-172
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• 1989

This research was done to clarify the factors related to sexual satifaction in women who have had a hysterectomy, and to idenify which factors had statistically significant influence of sexual satisfaction of the subjacts. The objective of this study was to identify the variables related to sexual adaptation which might be changed by nursing intervention. This was a cross-sectional descriptive correlation study. There were 230 subjects in the study, and they were selected by a convenient sampling method. The tool. for this study was developed by the researcher through modification of the Dergatis Sexual Function Inventory(DSFI). A pilot study was done to determine the necessary modifications. Data collection was done between Sept. 1987 and Du. 1987 using a mailed questionnaire. The characteristics of the subjects were as follows : The mean age of the subjects was 42.3 years and 204(87.4%) of the subjects had nine or more years of education. The mean income of the subjects was 85.8870 won / month, and 179(77%) of them were housewives. The mean number of pregnancies and children were 4.9 and 2.5 respectively. Oophorectomies were included in the surgery for 66(28.7%) of the subjects. Only 12(5.2%) were planning to have more children. Only 88(38.3%) of the subjects had received information prior to the surgery regarding health problems related to the operation and less than half, 111 (48.3%), had received this kind of information before discharge. Lay persons were the source of information about the post-operation status for 196 (85.2%) of the subjects, but the content of the information did not significantly influence the sexual satisfaction score. Only 16(7.0%) of the subjects said they regretted having a hysterctomy while 102(44.3%) said they were pleased to have had a hysterectomy. Ninety (39.1 %) of the subjects reported that their husbands had “stress” and 164(71.3%) of the subjects reported “stress”. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The mean score for sexual satisfaction of the subjects was 34.24 with a possible maximum score of 50.00. Eighty two(35.8%) were responded that they were satisfied with their sexual life but 61 (26.5%) were responded that they were dissatisfied with their sexual life 2. The following 15 factors extracted from the results of the data analysis were significantly related to sexual satisfaction(p＜.05) ; support of husband, body image, emotion, knowledge of sex, menopausal symptoms, sexual behavior, the feelings the subjects had about the hysterectomy, stress for both subject and husband, the number of children, health information given before operation, job, age, level of education and income. The five most important factors influencing sexual satisfaction were identified by using stepwise multiple regression analysis. The most important factor was support of husband, which explained 17.83% of the total variance. The remaining factors in order of significance were : Knowledge of sex, income, job, and emotional status. Those five factors explained 35.16% of the sexual satisfaction. In conclusion, for the care of women who are going to be discharged from hospital after having had a hysterctomy, nurses have to work with the husbands to help them to understand the importance of their support. Nurses also need to make sure that the subjects have an adequeate knowledge of sexual life after a hysterectomy. Also nursing interventions should focus on subjects who do not have a job, who are of low economic status, and the subjects who are under the unpleasant mood.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.962-970
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ruminal infusion of garlic oil (GO) on fermentation dynamics, fatty acid (FA) profile, and abundance of bacteria involved in biohydrogenation in the rumen. Six wethers fitted with ruminal fistula were assigned to two groups for cross-over design with a 14-d interval. Each 30-d experimental period consisted of a 27-d adaptation and a 3-d sample collection. Goats were fed a basal diet without (control) or with GO ruminal infusion (0.8 g/d). Ruminal contents collected before (0 h) and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h after morning feeding were used for fermentation analysis, and 0 h samples were further used for FA determination and DNA extraction. Garlic oil had no influence on dry matter intakes of concentrate and hay. During ruminal fermentation, GO had no effects on total VFA concentration and individual VFA molar proportions, whereas GO increased the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and microbial crude protein (p<0.05). Compared with control, GO group took a longer time for total VFA concentration and propionate molar proportion to reach their respective maxima after morning feeding. The ratio of acetate to propionate in control reduced sharply after morning feeding, whereas it remained relatively stable in GO group. Fatty acid analysis showed that GO reduced saturated FA proportion (p<0.05), while increasing the proportions of C18, t11-18:1 (TVA), c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA), t10,c12-CLA, and polyunsaturated FA (p<0.05). The values of TVA/(c9,t11-CLA+TVA) and C18:0/(TVA+C18:0) were reduced by GO (p<0.05). Real-time PCR showed that GO tended to reduce Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus abundance (p = 0.058), whereas GO had no effect on total abundance of the Butyrivibrio group bacteria. A low correlation was found between B. proteoclasticus abundance and C18:0/(TVA+C18:0) (p = 0.910). The changes of fermentation over time suggested a role of GO in delaying the fermentation process and maintaining a relatively modest change of ruminal environment. The inhibitory effects of GO on the final step of biohydrogenation may be related to its antibacterial activity against B. proteoclasticus and other unknown bacteria involved.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.603-608
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• 2016

Background: The investigation of mutation patterns in oncogenes potentially can make available a reliable mechanism for management and treatment decisions for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study concerns the rate of KRAS and BRAF genes mutations in Iranian metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, as well as associations of genotypes with clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,000 mCRC specimens collected from 2008 to 2012 that referred to the Mehr Hospital and Partolab center, Tehran, Iran enrolled in this cross sectional study. Using HRM, Dxs Therascreen and Pyrosequencing methods, we analyzed the mutational status of KRAS and BRAF genes in these. Results: KRAS mutations were present in 33.6% cases (n=336). Of KRAS mutation positive cases, 85.1% were in codon 12 and 14.9% were in codon 13. The most frequent mutation at KRAS codon 12 was Gly12Asp; BRAF mutations were not found in any mCRC patients (n=242). In addition, we observed a strong correlation of KRAS mutations with some clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusions: KRAS mutations are frequent in mCRCs while presence of BRAF mutations in these patients is rare. Moreover, associations of KRAS genotypes with non-mucinous adenocarcinoma and depth of invasion (pT3) were remarkable.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2591-2596
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of excision repair cross-complementation group l (ERCC1), MutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) in non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 in 111 cases of non-small cell lung cancer paraffin embedded surgical specimens. Through og-rank survival analysis, we evaluated the prognostic value of the ERCC1, MSH2, PARP1 and the related clinicopathological factors. COX regression analysis was used to determine whether ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 were independent prognostic factors. Results: In the enrolled 111 non-small cell lung cancer patients, the positive expression rate of ERCC1, MSH2 and RARP1 was 33.3%, 36.9% and 55.9%, respectively. ERCC1 (P<0.001) and PARP1 (P=0.033) were found to be correlated with the survival time while there was no correlation for MSH2 (P=0.298). Patients with both ERCC1 and PARP1 negative cancer had significantly longer survival time than those with ERCC1 (P=0.042) or PARP1 (P=0.027) positive alone. Similalry, the survival time of patients with both ERCC1 and PARP1 positive cancer was shorter than those with ERCC1 (P=0.048) or PARP1 (P=0.01) positive alone. Conclusion: Patients with ERCC1 or PARP1 negative non-small cell lung cancer appear to benefit from platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제34호
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• pp.313-336
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• 2013

본 연구는 주요범죄 발생의 경비업체 주가에 대한 선행성, 주요범죄 발생과 경비업체 주가 간의 관계를 규명하여 주요범죄 발생의 경비업체 주가에 대한 최적 회귀모형을 도출하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 연구의 목적에 따른 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주요범죄 발생 건수의 경비업체 월말 주가에 대한 선행성을 분석한 교차상관 결과, 살인범죄, 강도범죄, 강간범죄, 절도범죄 발생 건수는 경비업체 월말 주가와 동행(同行)하며, 폭력범죄 발생 건수는 경비업체 월말 주가에 대하여 6개월 선행(先行)한다. 주요범죄 발생 증감률의 경비업체 주가 증감률에 대한 선행성을 분석한 교차상관 결과, 살인범죄 발생 증감률은 경비업체 주가 증감률과 동행(同行)하며, 강도범죄, 강간범죄, 절도범죄, 폭력범죄 발생 증감률은 경비업체 주가 증감률에 대하여 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 주요범죄 발생 건수의 경비업체 월말 주가에 대한 중다회귀모형(stepwise 방식)을 도출한 결과, 살인범죄, 폭력범죄 발생 건수가 제외되고 결정계수($R^2$)가 .617로 주요범죄 발생 건수가 경비업체 월말 주가에 미치는 영향을 61.7% 설명할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 주요범죄 발생 증감률의 경비업체 주가 증감률에 대한 중다회귀모형(stepwise 방식)을 도출한 결과, 강도범죄, 강간범죄, 절도범죄, 폭력범죄 발생 증감률이 제외되고 결정계수($R^2$)가 .040으로 주요범죄 발생 증감률이 경비업체 주가 증감률에 미치는 영향을 4.0% 설명할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8107-8112
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• 2016

Background and Aims: Colorectal cancer is the second most frequent cancer in Malaysia. We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Malaysian Chinese version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire core (QLQ-C30) in patients with colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Translated versions of the QLQ-C30 were obtained from the EORTC. A cross sectional study design was used to obtain data from patients receiving treatment at two teaching hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Malaysian Chinese version of QLQ-C30 was self-administered in 96 patients while the Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS) was generated by attending surgeons. Statistical analysis included reliability, convergent, discriminate validity, and known-groups comparisons. Statistical significance was based on p value ${\leq}0.05$. Results: The internal consistencies of the Malaysian Chinese version were acceptable [Cronbach's alpha (${\alpha}{\geq}0.70$)] in the global health status/overall quality of life (GHS/QOL), functioning scales except cognitive scale (${\alpha}{\leq}0.32$) in all levels of analysis, and social/family functioning scale (${\alpha}=0.63$) in patients without a stoma. All questionnaire items fulfilled the criteria for convergent and discriminant validity except question number 5, with correlation with role (r = 0.62) and social/family (r = 0.41) functioning higher than with physical functioning scales (r = 0.34). The test-retest coefficients in the GHS/QOL, functioning scales and in most of the symptoms scales were moderate to high (r = 0.58 to 1.00). Patients with a stoma reported statistically significant lower physical functioning (p=0.015), social/family functioning (p=0.013), and higher constipation (p=0.010) and financial difficulty (p=0.037) compared to patients without stoma. There was no significant difference between patients with high and low KPS scores. Conclusions: Malaysian Chinese version of the QLQ-C30 is a valid and reliable measure of HRQOL in patients with colorectal cancer.