• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.85.2-86
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• 2015

The YORP effect is non-gravitational force that changes the spin-status of asteroid. So far this effect has been directly detected only from the Near-Earth asteroids (Taylor et al. 2007; Lowry et al. 2007, 2014; Breiter et al. 2011; Durech et al. 2008, 2012). Pravec at el. 2008 found the evidences for changing spin rate of small asteroids (3 - 15 km) by the YORP effect in the Main-Belt and Mars-crossing asteroids. The Mars-crossing asteroids (1.3 < q < 1.66 AU) are objects that cross orbit of the Mars. The Mars-crossing asteroids are regarded as one of the main sources for the Near-Earth asteroids. We expect that rotation of Mars-crossing asteroids would be influenced by the YORP effect. We try to search observational evidence of the YORP effect for the Mars-crossing asteroid. Our target 2078 Nanking is a population of the Mars-crossing asteroid. First light-curve of 2078 Nanking was obtained from Mohamed et al. 1994, and Warner et al. 2015 recently published new observational data. We observed this asteroid on 26th Nov. 2014 and 17th Jan. 2015 using SOAO (Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory) 0.61 m telescope with 4K CCD. Using light-curve inversion method (Kaasalainen & Torppa 2001; Kaasalainen et al. 2001), we try to determine the pole orientation and shape model of this asteroid based on the combination of our light-curve and literature photometric data. Knowing spin parameters, such as rotational period and spin axis, are essential for studying the YORP effect. In this presentation, we provide some preliminary results of our recent study: light-curve and processing of shape modeling of 2078 Nanking. We plan to find observational clue for the YORP effect on the Mars-crossing asteroids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.427-433
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• 1992

Reproduction and growth to weaning were compared for Brahman crossbred (BX) and a local strain of South-East Asian cattle, "Javanese Zebu" (JZ) and their reciprocal crosses at "Erap" in the humid equatorial lowlands of Papua New Guinea. Forty heifers of each breed were mated continuously, half to bulls of each breed, for five years. BX calved first at 35 months while JZ calved at 31 months. Subsequent calving intervals were very short, at 370 and 341 days. JZ cows weighed about two thirds of the BX cattle at each stage of reproduction. Birth weights and growth to weaning were : BX 35 kg and 0.68 kg/d ; BX male $\times$ JZ female 29.3 kg and 0.53 kg/d ; JZ male $\times$ BX female 30.8 kg and 0.61 kg/d ; JZ 25 kg and 0.50 kg/d. The combination of small cow size, short calving interval and rapid calf growth resulted in the BX male $\times$ JZ female being the most efficient producer, in kg of calf weaned per cow mated per year while the reciprocal cross was the least efficient ; both straight-breds were equal and intermediate. These data show that indigenous equatorial cattle may not be inferior under good grazing conditions. For all traits, breed interactions (heterosis) was small and non-significant.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-68
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• 2004

The word of lignin is derived from the Latin word 'ligum' meaning wood. Lignin is complex polymer consisting of coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol and p-coumaryl alcohol unit and has an amorphous, three dimensional network structure which is hard to be hydrolyzed by acid. Lignin is found in the cell wall of plants lignified. The mode of polymerization of these alcohols in the cell wall lead to a heterogeneous branched and cross-linked polymer in which phenyl propane units are linked by carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen bonds. This polymerization of precursors, p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol to lignin is formed by enzymic dehydrolyzation. The reaction is initiated by an electron transfer which results in the formation of resonance-stabilized phenoxy radical. The combination of these radicals produces a variety of dimers, trimers and oligomers and so on. Lignin research has been divided into basic and practical application field. The basic studies contains biosynthesis, chemical structure, distribution in the cell wall and reactivity by reductants, oxidants and organic solvents. The application research will be approached the reaction of lignin in various pulp making involving pulp bleaching and its effect on pulp qualities. Lignin also will be studied for the production of fine chemicals, polymer products and the conservation into an energy source like petroleum oil because the amount of lignin produced in pulp making process is more than 51,000,000 tons per year in the world. Both basic and application research must lay emphasis on the development for the utilization of lignin and the pulping process. But these researches can not be completed without understanding lignin structure containing functional groups. Therefore, this paper was focused on the review of lignin formulation which has been studied since 1948 in chronological order. This review was based on monomers, dimers, trimers and tetramers of phenyl propane unit structures which were isolated and identified by different methods from various wood.ious wood.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.315-326
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of three kinds of different ceramic brackets with three different bonding adhesives. 5 specimens for each combination were tested for shear bond strength using Instron and for fracture site using SENL And 3 specimens were cross-sectioned for SEM examination of bonding pattern between bracket, resin and enamel surface. The results were as follows 1. The shear bond strength of chemical curing adhesives were higher than that of light curing adhesives. 2. The shear bond strength of Starfire bracket, chemical-bonded type, was lower than that of Transcend bracket, mechanical-bonded type, and Fascination bracket, combined type. 3. Fracture site of each bracket and tooth surface was examined under a light optical stereoscopic microscope, Transcend groups were mainly at the E/R intderface. Fascination groups were mainly at the COMB interface and Starfire groups were mainly at the R/B interface.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7085-7088
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• 2015

Background: The high incidence of prostate cancer as the most common malignancy in males in many countries raises the question of developing reliable detection tests. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is the most widely used for screening for prostate cancer; however, its low specificity elevates the number of unnecessarily biopsies. Serum human kallikrein-2 (hK2) is considered as a promising marker, and especially its ratio to fPSA, for predicting the presence of malignancy to select the best choice referring to biopsy or surveillance. In this study, we investigated the role of hK2 and its combinations with other markers to discriminate prostate cancer from benign diseases in Syrian patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective oriented cross-sectional cohort study, serum samples were collected from patients referred to many Hospitals in Damascus, Syria, between May 2011 and March 2012, and diagnosed with biopsy proven benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer (PCa). Serum was analyzed for hK2, PSA and fPSA, and the ratios of fPSA/PSA and hK2/fPSA were calculated. Results: We found that mean hK2/fPSA ratios were significantly higher (P=0.01) in prostate cancer patients than in the BPH or control groups. Also the ratio hk2/fPSA gave the largest area under the curve (AUC:0.96) which was significantly larger than for fPSA/PSA (AUC:0.41) indicative of higher specificity. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the ratio of hK2/fPSA might be superior to the use of fPSA/PSA alone. The hK2 could be shown to enhance the early detection of prostate cancer; especially the ratio hK2/fPSA improves specificity and hence may reduce the number of negative biopsies.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.159-179
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• 2006

This research checked about the necessity for the development of men's dress forms in the first investigation for the educational circle and the men's wear industry. Somatotype characteristics were analyzed in the second investigation of body measurement with the subjects of 200 male adults in their twenties residing in Busan. The following are the results of the present research to develop male dress forms for patternmaking: 1. In the group analysis for the characterization of front body types, three somatotypes were found and named H, Semi X, and Y. In the cluster analysis of side body types, four types were identified: D, I, d, and q. In the combination of front and lateral body types, four kinds were chosen: semi X-I, semi X-q, semi Y-I, and Y-q. 2. Through the comparison of plane figures by the plaster method as well as horizontal and vertical cross sections by the sliding gauge method, semi X-I was finally chosen as the standard somatotype for male dress form development. 3. Compared with the sliding gauge method of the present dress forms, the research dress form reflected better the shapes of the parts of the back and hips and the position of the waist, especially for males in their 20's. In addition, the dress form in the current research had superior points in all the items of clothing evaluation. Based on the above results, the sizes and models of the men's dress forms for patternmaking were developed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.130-143
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• 1997

A heat-pressed technique(IPS-Empress, Ivoclar) has been described to construct single unit crown, inlay/onlay and veneers using a partially pre-cerammed and pre-colored glass-leucite ingot that has the greateast strength by the combination of heat-pressed procedure through the smalldiameter sprue and heat treatment procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flexure strength of a heat-pressed ceramic material(IPS-Empress) without simulated firing treatments according to pontic designs. Two groups of 9 disks(1.4mm thick, 14mm in diameter) each using two types of sprues with different diameters($({\Phi}2.8\;,{\Phi}1.8)$) and numbers were prepared. The specimens were mounted in the testing jig. The flexural strengths were determined, by means of the bi-axial bending test, by loading the center of disk to failure using a universal testing machine(Zwick 145141, Zwick, Germany) at a cross-head speed of 1.0 mm/min. The means flexural strength value of one group using a sprue with ${\Phi}2.8$ was $140.4{\pm}8.0Mpa$. That of the other group using two sprues with ${\Phi}1.8$ was $151.8{\pm}10.3Mpa$. After analysis, results showed that there was a statistical difference between groups(t=2.33m p<0.05). No clnical implications were drawn from these data because of absence of simulated firing treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.817-827
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• 2015

In this modern society, people are having a close relationship with smartphone. This makes easier for hackers to gain the user's information by installing the malware in the user's smartphone without the user's authority. This kind of action are threats to the user's privacy. The malware characteristics are different to the general applications. It requires the user's authority. In this paper, we proposed a new classification method of user requirements method by each application using the Principle Component Analysis(PCA) and Probabilistic K-Nearest Neighbor(PKNN) methods. The combination of those method outputs the improved result to classify between malware and general applications. By using the K-fold Cross Validation, the measurement precision of PKNN is improved compare to the previous K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN). The classification which difficult to solve by KNN also can be solve by PKNN with optimizing the discovering the parameter k and ${\beta}$. Also the sample that has being use in this experiment is based on the Contagio.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.72-95
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• 2004

The Yellow Sea is characterized by relatively shallow water depth, varying range of tidal action and very complex coastal geometry such as islands, bays, peninsulas, tidal flats, shoals etc. The dynamic system is controlled by tides, regional winds, river discharge, and interaction with the Kuroshio. The circulation, water mass properties and their variability in the Yellow Sea are very complicated and still far from clear understanding. In this study, an effort to improve our understanding the dynamic feature of the Yellow Sea system was conducted using numerical simulation with the ROMS model, applying climatologic forcing such as winds, heat flux and fresh water precipitation. The inter-annual variability of general circulation and thermohaline structure throughout the year has been obtained, which has been compared with observational data sets. The simulated horizontal distribution and vertical cross-sectional structures of temperature and salinity show a good agreement with the observational data indicating significantly the water masses such as Yellow Sea Warm Water, Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water, Changjiang River Diluted Water and other sporadically observed coastal waters around the Yellow Sea. The tidal effects on circulation and dynamic features such as coastal tidal fronts and coastal mixing are predominant in the Yellow Sea. Hence the tidal effects on those dynamic features are dealt in the accompanying paper (Kim et at., 2004). The ROMS model adopts curvilinear grid with horizontal resolution of 35 km and 20 vertical grid spacing confirming to relatively realistic bottom topography. The model was initialized with the LEVITUS climatologic data and forced by the monthly mean air-sea fluxes of momentum, heat and fresh water derived from COADS. On the open boundaries, climatological temperature and salinity are nudged every 20 days for data assimilation to stabilize the modeling implementation. This study demonstrates a Yellow Sea version of Atlantic Basin experiment conducted by Haidvogel et al. (2000) experiment that the ROMS simulates the dynamic variability of temperature, salinity, and velocity fields in the ocean. However the present study has been improved to deal with the large river system, open boundary nudging process and further with combination of the tidal forcing that is a significant feature in the Yellow Sea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.196-205
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate a method for improving the physical and mechanical properties of laminated board made from oil palm trunk (OPT). The effects of pretreating the lamina with heat-pressure and altering the lamina composition of the laminated board were investigated. The outer third of OPT in cross-section had high-density wood, while the underlying third had low to medium density. The hot press was applied to pretreat the lamina that had low to medium density. The lamina were 1.5 cm in thickness, 5 cm in width, and 65 cm in length. The hot press was applied at 2.94 MPa or 4.41 MPa at 150 ℃ for 60 minutes, and the target thickness of the lamina was 1 cm. The three layers of the laminated board samples were bonded with isocyanate adhesive at a glue spread of 300 g/㎡ and cold pressed at 0.98 MPa for 3 h. The laminated board samples were tested according to Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) 234-2003. The results showed that the densification of the inner lamina did not significantly affect the physical-mechanical properties of the laminated board produced. However, the laminated board made with high-density laminas for the outer layers fulfilled the JAS 234-2003 standard for the modulus of elasticity and the modulus of rupture.