• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.47-84
• /
• 2018

Domestic debates on 'international development' has hitherto been rather more focused on the narrow topic of Official Development Assistance (ODA) - therefore, practical and practice-oriented enquiries for the former's effective implementation have dominated the field as a result. However, such lack of foundational debates on 'development' has rendered the field inept to respond to the rapidly changing development landscape since the new millennium both globally and in Southeast Asia. With this particular problematique in mind, the paper argues for the utility of critical Southeast Asian studies in enriching theoretical debates in Korea's international development studies. In doing so, we analysed the trend of academic research published since 2000, of which theme concern international development with a specific geographical focus on Southeast Asia. The result shows that such publication and the thematic issues have witnessed rapid quantitative growth since 2007 - while the nature of the publications still clearly remained practical and practice-oriented for effective execution of ODA. We therefore propose the critical Southeast Asian studies to overcome the problematique above by emphasising more inter-/multi-disciplinary approaches that challenge the hegemonic paradigm in the field.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.55-74
• /
• 2009

Although a considerable amount of research on discourse signaling cues has been conducted in reading, little attention has been paid to such cues in the area of listening. Moreover, despite the solid evidence showing that cues have beneficial effects for reading comprehension, L2 listening research has produced mixed findings about the role of cues. Such discrepancies among these findings might be due in part to inadequate research methodologies as well as the idiosyncratic features of their experimental designs. However, no study, to date, has thoroughly examined the research designs of listening comprehension studies on cues. Consequently, this study critically evaluates the present state of research designs and reporting practices of studies investigating the role of cues in listening comprehension. The present study aims to provide insights into areas that require empirical attention and systematic investigation. It also seeks to encourage improved and refined research practices for future studies. This paper is organized as follows: It will first critically review the empirical findings regarding cues in the area of L1 listening comprehension. Second, it will present a critical evaluation of L2 listening studies on cues. Finally, it will address the major research design issues of currently available listening studies and provide suggestions for improvement in future research.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.36-47
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The study examined core job characteristics and job preference to explain work performance among critical care nurses. The theoretical model was constructed based on the job characteristics model with core job characteristics as exogenous variables, and work performance and job preference as endogenous variables. Methods: A total of 228 hospital nurses participated in the study from May to September, 2015. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: The model showed a good fit to the data with $x^2/df=2.90$, goodness of fit index = .91, root mean square residual = .20, comparative fit index = .93, and incremental fit index = .93. The core job characteristics explained 64% of the variance in job preference. The core job characteristics and job preference explained 52% of the variance in work performance. Conclusions: The core job characteristics can explain the work performance among critical care nurses through job preference. Effective strategies to improve the work performance among critical care nurses should focus on the application of the core job characteristic into a productive work environment. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of job preference of critical care nurses in promoting their work performance.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
• /
• no.40
• /
• pp.307-344
• /
• 2010

Cultural Studies built on the critical mind of New Left exposes the relationship between culture and power, and investigates how this relationship develops the cultural convention. It has achieved the new perspective that could make us to think culture and art in terms of political correctness. However, the critical voices against the theoretical premises of Cultural Studies have been increased as its heyday in 1980s was nearly over. For instance, Terry Eagleton, a former Marxist literary critic, declared in 2003 that the golden age of cultural theory is long past. This essay, therefore, intends to show the weak foundations on which the approaches of cultural studies to theatre rest and to clarify the general problem of their introduction to theatre studies. The approach of cultural studies to theatre takes the form of 'top-down inquiry' as it applies a theory to a particular play or historical period. In other word, from the theory the writer moves to the particular case. The result is not an inquiry but rather a demonstration. This circularity can destroy the point of serious intellectual investigation as the theory dictates answers. The goal-oriented narrow viewpoint as a logical consequence of 'top-down inquiry' makes the researcher to favor the plays or the parts of a play that are proper to test a theory. As a result it loses the fair judgment on the artistic value of a play, and brings about the misinterpretation. The interpreter-oriented reading is the other defect of cultural studies as it disregards the inherent meaning of the text, distorting a play. The approach of cultural studies also consists of a conventionality as it arrives at a stereotyped interpretation by using certain conventions of reasoning and rhetoric. The cultural theories are fundamentally the 'outside theories' that seek to explain not theatre but the very broad features of society and politics. Consequently their application to theatre risks the destructive criticism, disregarding the inherent experience of theatre. Most of, if not all, cultural theories, furthermore, are proven to be lack of empirical basis. The alternative method to them is a 'cognitive science' that proves scientifically our mind being influenced by bodily experience. The application of cultural materialism to Shakespeare's is one of the cases that reveal the limits of cultural studies. Jonathan Dollimore and Water Cohen provide a kind of 'canonical study' in this application that is imitated by the succeeding researchers. As a result the interpretation of has been flooded with repetitive critical remarks, revealing the problem of 'top-down inquiry' and conventional reasoning. Cultural Studies is antipodal to theatre in some respect. It is interested chiefly in the social and political reality while theatre aims to create the fiction world. The theatre studies, therefore, may have to risk the danger of destroying its own base when it adopts cultural studies uncritically. The different stance between theatre and cultural theories also occurs from the opposition of humanism vs. antihumanism. We have to introduce cultural theories selectively and properly not to destroy the inherent experience and domain of theatre.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.268-279
• /
• 2003

This paper presents critical steps in building client/server application with UML and Visual Basic, which are derived from the implementation case of a typical order processing system. To begin with, we briefly review the software architecture, the diagrams and the object-oriened building process in the UML. In the inception phase, it is critical to define the project charter, to draw use case diagrams, and to construct a preliminary architecture of the application. In the elaboration phase, it is critical to identify classes to be displayed in the class diagram, to develop user interface prototypes for each use case, to construct sequence diagram for each use case, and finally to design an implementation architecture. Steps to construct implementation architecture are given. In the construction phase, it is critical to design both the database and components. Steps to design these components are described in detail. Additionally the way to create the Internet interface is suggested.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2005

Many buying and selling companies have participated in B2B electronic commerce in order to boost sales and cut down purchase prices respectively. There are some studies on buying and selling companies performances of using B2B e-marketplaces which provide electronic B2B transaction services such as finding transaction partners, providing on-line transaction process like auctioneering, etc. This study investigates the critical failure factors against B2B e-marketplace in other words B2B market-maker or B2B intermediary. We proposed 4 hypotheses asserting that 4 critical failure factors make reverse effects on B2B intermediary performances. We adopt the Balanced Score Card (BSC) framework to evaluate B2B intermediary performance. Data were collected from 46 respondents of B2B intermediaries in Korea. Analyses showed that traditional off-line B2B practices like refunding to buyer or transactions without legal documents and low quality of product information and catalog are critical failure factors against B2B intermediary performance.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.5-24
• /
• 2001

This study was focused on the sanitary analysis of hazard factors and the establishment of critical control points on steak-set menu In hotel by the documents and microbiological investigation. The hazard factors of shrimp cocktail were microbial contamination, residual pesticides, unsuitable healing and cross contamination. The hazard factors of potato soap were residual pesticides, microorganisms contamination, unsuitable heating and solanine in potato. The hazard factors of simple salad were microorganisms contamination, unsuitable heating and cross contamination by inappropriate package. The hazard factors of steal were residual antimicrobial drugs, microorganisms contamination, unsuitable heating and cross contamination. The critical control points of shrimp cocktail were temperature control , number of washing and center temperature control of heating step. The critical control points of potato soup were stock temperature control , number of washing and center temperature control of Heating step. The critical control points of simple salad were number of washing and dryness of utensil. The critical control points of steak were stock temperature control , number of washing, center temperature and time control of heating step.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.528-534
• /
• 1997

There have been many studies on the preparation of slip, forming and drying in the slip casting process. However, is has not been yet on the rheological properties of consolidated body which largely affect on the workability. It was investugated that the rheological properties of the consolidated bodies formed by slip casting in the form of cakes from well dispersed(slip C) and weakly agglomerated slip(slip B) in the clay and clay-fly ash systems. The state of dispersion of slip was found to affected the critical moisture content which was largely affected by the pore and moisture distribution of the consolidated body. The cake C show lower critical moisture content than cake B in the clay system. However, the cake B gives lower critical moisture content than cake C in the clay-fly ash system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.163-176
• /
• 2017

Recently, the critical infrastructure is changing from the existing closed environment to an open environment, and it is becoming a new target of cyber-threats by expanding into cyberspace. In addition, due to the development of information and communications technology(ICT), the interdependence among critical infrastructure is increasing. Previous studies ranged from trend investigation and policy discussions to protection, but separate studies on the diagnosis of the current status and appropriateness judgment for efficient policy implementation were not performed. Therefore, this study compares and analyzes three international indicators that measure the level of cyber security in each country in order to build a new index to measure the level of cyber security of critical infrastructure in the USA, Japan, UK, Germany, Norway, and Korea. It is hoped that this study will serve as a basis for expanding Korean influence and building trust among countries in future cyberspace.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.199-225
• /
• 2004

For the purpose of experimental and clinical studies on the 14 channels and collaterals, we performed an inquiry on the anatomical mapping of neronal, circulatory and muscular networks in the human body which possibly correspond to the major pathway of Du channel and Ren channel known to be critical for overall controlling and mediating 12 regular channel connections. The theoretical background of this analysis was based on the oriental medicinal treatises which described acu-points and related anatomical informations. We suggest that rearrangement methodology for the 12 regular channels as described here may be applied to other 12 regular channels and to develop the new concept on the elucidation of the medical efficacy based on precise anatomical localization of channels and collaterals as well as the meridian points. It is proposed that interdisciplinary studies between oriental and western medicine are critical for more efficient achievement.