• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.103-141
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• 2022

Traditionally, schedule analysis in Korea has been used, mainly through the Critical Path Method, to evaluate the claim for extension of time and/or the amount of liquidated damages for delay. Critical path method, however, cannot identify the delay event and its impact occurred in non-critical path especially in multi facility projects. In multi facility projects that comprise several independent but related facilities or structures, each facility has its own facility critical path the duration of which will be impacted by facility specific critical delays. Thus, only through the non-critical delay analysis along with the critical delay analysis damages not attributable to contractors may be remedied in full. Because all the records and pictures can reveal what has actually happened in post contract review, only the retrospective analysis rather than the prospective analysis based on the assumptions can establish the cause and allocate the each parties' responsibilities appropriately.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제36권
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• pp.175-209
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• 2014

This paper reports on a qualitative examining the cross-cultural reasons for student engagement and resistance to critical literacy in a three week summer TESOL MA course that was part of a Korean/American university faculty exchange program. Of particular interest was the unique diversity of the class which consisted of 13 subjects from 9 different nations. Using student and instructor reflective journals, field notes on classroom observations, and the course terminal paper on student's philosophies of education as research corpora, results of the study revealed that students resisted instruction in critical literacy for ideological and epistemological reasons. Nonetheless, the data also showed that while all students resisted some theories in critical literacy, all students nonetheless engaged the course content in meaningful ways.

• 한국전자거래학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자거래학회 2004년도 e-Biz World Conference
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

1. Introduction; Fundamental Difference between conventional old commerce and e-commerce？ 2. "Quantity changes into Quality"; Phase transition and Critical phenomena Logarithmic Convergence and Emergence of Quality 3. Networked Small World; Indications from Genomics; Power-Law Ordered Plain Structure of Super-Complex System ⇔ The Structure of e-Biz. 4. Uniquitous Crisis to Ubiquitous Critical Points for the Emergence of Qualified Business with e-strucrure

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제70권
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• pp.189-218
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• 2015

이 논문이 살피고자 하는 것은 공중이라는 용어의 다양한 의미들이 아니라 이 말로 표현되어 온 특정한 한 의미다. 이 의미란 '공적 문제에 대해서 동료 시민들과의 공유된 이해와 동의된 판단을 형성하기 위해 대화와 토론에 참여하는 시민'이라는 개념이다. 이 개념은 존 듀이나 한나 아렌트, 위르겐 하버마스 그리고 제임스 케리 등과 같은 학자들의 주장의 핵심적 요소로 사회와 언론에 대한 서구의 비판적 연구와 민주주의에 대한 탐구에 중요한 이론적 토대였다. 이 논문의 목적은 이러한 공중 개념이 한국의 비판적 커뮤니케이션 연구에서 어떻게 수용되어 왔는가를 살피는 것이다. 여기서 '비판적 커뮤니케이션 연구'는 전통적으로 비판 커뮤니케이션 연구라 불려 왔던 연구뿐만 아니라 커뮤니케이션 현상의 사회적 의미를 탐구하고 평가하려는 연구들을 총칭하는 용어로 사용된다. 이 논문은 한국의 비판적 커뮤니케이션 연구가 동의에 지향된 담론적 정치 참여 행위에 의해서 규정되는 이러한 공중 개념을 분석적 범주로서 사용해 오지 않았다는 것을 주장한다. 이 개념에 기반하고 있는 서구 학계의 많은 주장들이 한국의 비판적 커뮤니케이션 연구의 주요한 이론적 자원이었음에도 불구하고 이 개념이 분석적 범주로서 무시되어왔다는 사실은 한국의 비판적 커뮤니케이션 연구의 성격과 한계를 드러내 준다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제45권
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• pp.49-76
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• 2009

신자유주의는 1997년 이후 한국 사회에 큰 흐름이 되었다. 이른바 ‘워싱턴 컨센서스’에 따라 진행된 신자유주의 정책으로 한국 사회는 빈익빈 부익부의 양극화와 노동시장 불안정을 맞았다. 하지만 한국 사회 구성원 대다수는 신자유주의 개념을 아예 모르거나, 그것을 ‘글로벌 스탠더드’로 인식하고 있다. 이 논문은 사회 구성원 대다수가 신자유주의 개념자체를 인식하지 못하거나 그것을 불가피한 현실로 인식하는 데 일차적 책임이 한국 저널리즘에 있음을 실증적으로 살펴보았다. 이어 그 현상을 비판적으로 논의해야 할 비판언론학이 한국 언론을 견제하거나 감시하는 데 소홀했음을 분석했다. "한국언론정보학보" 에 실린 모든 논문에서 ‘신자유주의’를 저널리즘과 연관지어 연구한 논문이 한 편도 없었다는 사실을 새삼 발견할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 이 논문은 비판언론학이 자기 정체성을 찾아 신자유주의를 일방적으로 옹호하는 언론을 비판적으로 분석하고, 언론학계 내부의 상호비판에도나서 저널리즘 현장과 연관성을 높여나가야 함을 제안했다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제45권3호통권454호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2007

In this second part of series report on evidence-based dentistry, the level of evidence and the methods for critical appraisal are discussed. The epidemiologic studies, namely clinical studies have some bias per se, and the degree of bias is somewhat predetermined by the study design. The level of evidence can be defined as the reliability of the clinical study and it is dependent on the degree of bias. Thus, it is important to determine the type of the study and to understand its structure before critically appraising them. Systematic reviews of primary studies, randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and case reports / series constitute the clinical studies and the level of evidence follows the order of the studies listed above. Critical appraisal is the most important procedure in evidence-based dentistry. It is done to determine the credibility of research papers and their usefulness in the clinician s own practice. Critical appraisal is consisted of multiple questions that are helpful for evaluating validity and usefulness of the studies concerning therapy, diagnosis, prognosis, and causation.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the trends in studies published in Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing (JKCCN) from 2008 to 2013. Methods: A total of 65 studies published between 2008 to 2013 were reviewed using criteria developed by researchers. Results: Approximately 36% of studies were conducted with patients. Intensive care unit (ICU) was the most popular site as the study setting. Among 59 research papers, 42.4% were approved by institutional review board (IRB). Quantitative studies were 78.6%, while qualitative studies were 4.6%. The research designs for the quantitative studies were survey (52.3%), quasi-experimental (16.9%), and so on. There was no randomized controlled trial. The most frequently used methods to provide nursing intervention was education. In addition, "nurse" and "ICU" were most commonly used keyword. Conclusion: Considering the low rate of IRB approval, more stringent application of research ethics is necessary to improve the quality of JKCCN. In addition, more randomized controlled trials should be encouraged to support evidence-based practice in critical care.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.149-182
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• 2010

This paper reports on an ongoing study that utilizes the literacy autobiographies of 10 Asian and 10 Western graduate students from TESOL Masters programs in Korea and America as data for a cross cultural study on the discursive process of identity formation and the development of critical consciousness (Freire, 2000). While the data suggests similarities and differences between cultures in terms of the effects of education, social relationships, media, and religion, no definitive claims may be made due to the small size of the research corpus. However, analysis of the data revealed that only four of the narratives could be judged as engaging in critical introspection of individual subjects systems of knowledge, values, and beliefs, as opposed to the other narratives that were primarily descriptive of individual personal experiences. As such, this study found that while the willingness and ability to engage in the critical practices which lead to the development of a critical consciousness are similar across cultures, they may be mediated by the literacy practices inscribed in education, media, and other social practices.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the possible direction of critical care nursing research in the future by analyzing the trends of recent Korean studies. Method : Using a database search, we selected 263 articles on critical care nursing that were published in Korean journals between 2008 and 2017. Then, we conducted an integrative review of the contents of the selected articles and analyzed the English abstracts using the relevant packages and functions of the R program. Results : The number of studies concerning critical care nursing has increased over the 10-year period, and the specific topic of each study has diversified according to the time at which it was conducted. In terms of quality, the majority of the research was published in high-level academic journals. The key words regularly studied over the past decade were: knowledge, delirium, education, restraint, stress, and infection. Studies related to vancomycin-resistant enterococci infection, compliance, and standards have decreased, while studies related to death, communication, and safety have increased. Conclusion : Randomized controlled trials and protocol research for evidence-based critical care need to be conducted, as does research on family involvement. The key word analysis of unstructured text used in this study is a relatively new method; it is suggested that this method be applied to various critical care nursing research and develop it methodologically.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제1호
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• pp.71-92
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• 2003

This study examined the condition of an educational discourse, relating the concept of creativity, culture, culture-centered, and critical thinking, to explore Culture-based Art Education(CBAE). In particular, art education practice was examined using interpretations of creativity and critical theory positions from the field of education. Discourse analysis was used as the research method to contextually situate and analyze the ways in which art education theory and practice of creativity and of critical studies encoded meanings. The study helped build an understanding that creativity was formed as a modernist discourse in the humanistic stance. In education, creativity became the fundamental concern for progressive educators who pursued innate ability of individuals. The way to enhance creative potential of students was to induce their motive, as was the same case in art education, while in artist training, free expression was its main method. In this way, as creativity was intimately connected with the concept of expression, in art education art making is the only course for enhancing creativity. However, because creative process cannot intelligently be regarded as logically distinct from the creative product, and creativity can only be said by product, it seems valid to think that creativity is the quality not to be achieved by teaching. Furthermore, its emphasis on art making resulted in unbalance of art making and art appreciation in art education. It was the late sixties when several alternatives for creative education were made their appearance. Critical studies in art adopted critical theory as its theoretical background has developed as an alternative of creative art education, when research and theory for creativity could not be adequate to deal with the problem of practice. Critical theory is a broad and diverse field of theory and practice drawing on aspects of the modernist perspective of the later Frankfurt School, feminism, Freirean pedagogy, postcolonial discourse as well as postmodernism to construct a practical approach to education. It is very this eclectic nature to provide the mosaic that need to experience cultures from different perspectives in a pluralistic society. Because one's personality is formed by multiple aspects of culture which is very complex and is made up of what we do and value, creativity cannot make part of educational discourse with the philosophy of culture centered. On the other hand, critical studies, as a school art program of critical theory, can perform the role of CBAE, because it would have to deal with the investigation of social and cultural issues form multiple personal, local, national, and global perspectives.