• Title/Summary/Keyword: critical shear stress

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Effect of the stress history on the shear behavior using a Triaxial compression test (삼축압축시험을 통한 응력이력에 따른 전단거동의 변화)

  • Kim, Seung-Han;Choi, Sung-Keun;Lee, Moon-Joo;Lee, Woo-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2006.03a
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    • pp.888-895
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    • 2006
  • In this study, anisotropically consolidated undrained shear(CAU) test was performed to examine the variation of the shear strength according to the stress history. The specimen having 30% relative density was homogeniously prepared, and 200KPa of back pressure was applied to increase the B value more than 0.95. To make NC specimens, the vertical stress was applied on the specimen by 100KPa, 200KPa and 400KPa, and to make OC specimens, the vertical stress was applied upto 400KPa and was reduced to 200KPa and 100KPa resulting in OCR 2 and 4 respectively. The test result indicates the shear strength for the OC specimens are slightly higher then that of the NC specimens at the same confining pressure. The elastic modulus varies according to the confining stress and considerably affected by preconsolidation stress.

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Shear Strength of Beam-Column eoints Using High-Strength Concrete (고강도콘크리트를 사용한 보-기둥 접합부의 전단강도)

  • 장극관;서대원
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.53-62
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    • 2000
  • Under severe lateral loads, ductile moments-resisting reinforced concrete frames will be subjected to large loads and displacements. Thus, large deformation and shear stree are occurred at the beam-column joints which are the most critical region in ductile moments-resisting system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the shear strength of beam-column connection using high strength concrete. Four subassemblies were designed 2/3 scale of read structures and tested. The obtained results are as follows. 1) The transverse beams increase the shear resistance and ductility of joint, 2) The slab was contributed to increase of the flexural capacity of the beam, but was not contributed to increase the joint ductility under cyclic loads. 3) The shear stress factors. given by the ACI code would be modified in evaluating the shear strength of beam-column joints of frame which were constructed with high-strength concrete.

Potential of River Bottom and Bank Erosion for River Restoration after Dam Slit in the Mountain Stream

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;So, Kazama
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.46-46
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    • 2011
  • Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

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Finite element analysis of shear critical prestressed SFRC beams

  • Thomas, Job;Ramaswamy, Ananth
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.65-77
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    • 2006
  • This study reports the details of the finite element analysis of eleven shear critical partially prestressed concrete T-beams having steel fibers over partial or full depth. Prestressed concrete T-beams having a shear span to depth ratio of 2.65 and 1.59 and failing in the shear have been analyzed using 'ANSYS'. The 'ANSYS' model accounts for the nonlinear phenomenon, such as, bond-slip of longitudinal reinforcements, post-cracking tensile stiffness of the concrete, stress transfer across the cracked blocks of the concrete and load sustenance through the bridging of steel fibers at crack interface. The concrete is modeled using 'SOLID65'-eight-node brick element, which is capable of simulating the cracking and crushing behavior of brittle materials. The reinforcements such as deformed bars, prestressing wires and steel fibers have been modeled discretely using 'LINK8' - 3D spar element. The slip between the reinforcement (rebar, fibers) and the concrete has been modeled using a 'COMBIN39'-non-linear spring element connecting the nodes of the 'LINK8' element representing the reinforcement and nodes of the 'SOLID65' elements representing the concrete. The 'ANSYS' model correctly predicted the diagonal tension failure and shear compression failure of prestressed concrete beams observed in the experiment. The capability of the model to capture the critical crack regions, loads and deflections for various types of shear failures in prestressed concrete beam has been illustrated.

Velocity Profile and Wall Shear Stress Distributions of Developing Turbulent Oscillatory Flows in an Oscillator Connected to Straight Duct Located in Exit Region of a Curved Duct (가진 펌프에 연결된 곡관 출구의 직관에서 난류진동유동의 속도분포와 전단응력분포)

  • 손현철;이행남;박길문
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.26 no.10
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    • pp.1378-1386
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    • 2002
  • In the present study, velocity profile and wall shear stress distributions of developing turbulent oscillatory flows in an oscillator connected to straight duct located in exit region of a curved duct was investigated experimentally. The experimental study for air flows was conducted to measure axial velocity profiles, shear stress distributions by using the Laser Doppler Velocimetry(LDV) system with the data acquisition and processing system of Rotating Machinery Resolver(R.M.R) and PHASE software. The results obtained from experimental studies are summarized as follows. The critical Reynolds number for a change from transitional oscillatory flow to turbulent flow was about 7500, in the 60region of dimensionless axial position which was considered as a fully developed flow region. The turbulent oscillatory flow, velocity profiles of the inflow period in the entrance region were gradually developed, but those of the outflow period were not changed nearly. Velocity profiles of inflow and outflow were shown as a symmetric form in a fully developed flow region. The wall shear stress distributions of turbulent oscillatory flow increase rapidly as the flow proceeds to downstream and flow was in good agreement with the theoretically.

Buckling analysis of functionally graded plates using HSDT in conjunction with the stress function method

  • Bakoura, Ahmed;Bourada, Fouad;Bousahla, Abdelmoumen Anis;Tounsi, Abdeldjebbar;Benrahou, Kouider Halim;Tounsi, Abdelouahed;Al-Zahrani, Mesfer Mohammad;Mahmoud, S.R.
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.73-83
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    • 2021
  • In this article, the mechanical buckling analysis of simply-supported functionally graded plates is carried out using a higher shear deformation theory (HSDT) in conjunction with the stress function method. The proposed formulation is variationally consistent, does not use a shear correction factor and gives rise to a variation of transverse shear stress such that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically through the thickness satisfying the surface conditions without stress of shear. The properties of the plate are supposed to vary across the thickness according to a simple power law variation in terms of volume fraction of the constituents of the material. Numerical results are obtained to study the influences of the power law index and the geometric ratio on the critical buckling load.

A study on the shear strength considering matric suction for an unsaturated soil (모관흡수력을 고려한 불포화토의 전단강도에 대한 연구)

  • Oh, Se-Boong;Kim, Tae-Kyung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2008.03a
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    • pp.105-110
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    • 2008
  • The behaviour of an unsaturated soil was analyzed by performing $K_0$ consolidated triaxial tests. Unsaturated triaxial tests were performed with matric suctions for weathered soils and could catch stress paths under consolidation and stress-strain relationships under shear. As a result, both isotropic and $K_0$ conditions had similar shear strength envelopes in the same matric suction. Especially, strength parameters could obtain by stress variables based on critical state theory reasonably which was better than those by Mohr circles at failure.

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Resuspension Characteristics of Deposited Fine-Grained Sediments (미세퇴적물(微細堆積物)의 부상특성(浮上特性)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Cha-Kyum;Lee, Jong-Sup
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.221-229
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    • 1992
  • A series of experiments on the resuspension of deposited fine-grained sediments were carried out in a recirculating straight flume to investigate the influence of the sediment type, water content and bed shear stress (${\tau}_b$) on the resuspension characteristics of the sediments. The sediments were sampled from Youngkwang coast and Youngdo coast which are located in the western sea and southeastern sea of Korea, respectively. Critical bed shear stress (${\tau}_c$) for resuspension was deduced for each experimental series. For the same sediment, critical bed shear stress for resuspension decreased but suspension mass or rate increased with increasing water content. The resuspension of deposited fine-grained sediments depended strongly on the water content, and the sediment type characterizing the inter-particle bond strength. It has been found that critical bed shear stress for resuspension in the unidirection flow is about 4 times higher than that in the combined wave-current flow, In case of lower bed shear stress, after an initially high suspension, suspension mass approaches a constant value due to the bed hardening with increasing time, but in case of higher bed shear stress, suspension mass increased successively due to the bed softening with time. Initial suspension rate, $E={\alpha}_3({\tau}_b/{\tau}_c-1)^{\beta}$ (where ${\alpha}_3$ and ${\beta}$=empirical constants), was estimated for each experimental series, ${\alpha}_3$ and ${\beta}$ values for the same sediment increased with water content.

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An experimental procedure for evaluating the consolidation state of marine clay deposits using shear wave velocity

  • Chang, Ilhan;Kwon, Tae-Hyuk;Cho, Gye-Chun
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.289-302
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    • 2011
  • In marine clay deposits, naturally formed or artificially reclaimed, the evaluation and monitoring of the consolidation process has been a critical issue in civil engineering practices due to the time frame required for completing the consolidation process, which range from several days to several years. While complementing the conventional iconographic method suggested by Casagrande and recently developed in-situ techniques that measure the shear wave, this study suggests an alternative experimental procedure that can be used to evaluate the consolidation state of marine clay deposits using the shear wave velocity. A laboratory consolidation testing apparatus was implemented with bimorph-type piezoelectric bender elements to determine the effective stress-shear wave velocity (${\sigma}^{\prime}-V_s$) relationship with the marine clays of interest. The in-situ consolidation state was then evaluated by comparing the in-situ shear wave velocity data with the effective stress-shear wave velocity relationships obtained from laboratory experiments. The suggested methodology was applied and verified at three different sites in South Korea, i.e., a foreshore site in Incheon, a submarine deposit in Busan, and an estuary delta deposit in Busan. It is found that the shear wave-based experimental procedure presented in this paper can be effectively and reliably used to evaluate the consolidation state of marine clay deposits.

Performance comparison of shear walls with openings designed using elastic stress and genetic evolutionary structural optimization methods

  • Zhang, Hu Z.;Liu, Xia;Yi, Wei J.;Deng, Yao H.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.65 no.3
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    • pp.303-314
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    • 2018
  • Shear walls are a typical member under a complex stress state and have complicated mechanical properties and failure modes. The separated-elements model Genetic Evolutionary Structural Optimization (GESO), which is a combination of an elastic-plastic stress method and an optimization method, has been introduced in the literature for designing such members. Although the separated-elements model GESO method is well recognized due to its stability, feasibility, and economy, its adequacy has not been experimentally verified. This paper seeks to validate the adequacy of the separated-elements model GESO method against experimental data and demonstrate its feasibility and advantages over the traditional elastic stress method. Two types of reinforced concrete shear wall specimens, which had the location of an opening in the middle bottom and the center region, respectively, were utilized for this study. For each type, two specimens were designed using the separated-elements model GESO method and elastic stress method, respectively. All specimens were subjected to a constant vertical load and an incremental lateral load until failure. Test results indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity, failure modes, and main crack types of the shear walls designed using the two methods were similar, but the ductility indexes including the stiffness degradation, deformability, reinforcement yielding, and crack development of the specimens designed using the separated-elements model GESO method were superior to those using the elastic stress method. Additionally, the shear walls designed using the separated-elements model GESO method, had a reinforcement layout which could closely resist the actual critical stress, and thus a reduced amount of steel bars were required for such shear walls.