• International Journal of Contents
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

Recently, interest has heightened over 'critical infrastructures' and their reliability in the face of potential terrorist attack. Assault on any of the critical infrastructures as transportation, power, water, telecommunications, and financial services, entails great consequences for their users as well as the other interdependent critical infrastructures. How to protect our vital critical infrastructures is the key question in this paper. The purpose of this article is to suggest the implications for crisis and emergency management to protect the critical infrastructures in our society. For achieving the purpose, we examined the concept of comprehensive security, national crisis, and critical infrastructure and, using the holistic approach, we examined the comprehensive emergency management for suggesting the implications for establishing the critical infrastructure protection system; building up the high reliability organization, organizing and partnering, assessing the risk, preparing first responders, working with private owners of critical infrastructures, working with communities, improving the administrative capacity.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2009

The occurrence of disaster lately is coming with the more complex form and increasing the necessity of National Infrastructures Protection Plan(NIPP). International and domestic laws and systems related to critical infrastructures were investigated. The program in which the classification of national critical infrastructures was expanded eight fields to thirteen fields including emergency services, large gathering sites, defense industrial base, and national monuments was presented in this study. The plan for integrating national critical infrastructures, national important infrastructures and national security infrastructures and a NIPP framework were proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2012

Critical infrastructures (energy, information technology and communications, banking, transportation, public government services, etc.) are now more vital to modern society. Citizens, businesses and governments all rely on an array of interlinked physical and information infrastructures to satisfy their needs and perform their daily operations. At the same time, these infrastructures are becoming increasingly interdependent, such that failure of one of them can often propagate and result in domino effects. Recent dramatic episodes, from 9/11 to the Madrid train bombings, the April 2010 ash cloud the power cuts in Korea in 2011, and the cyber-attacks have highlighted the need for a comprehensive, internationally coordinated policy for the protection of critical infrastructures. For the purposes of this report, we define critical infrastructure as infrastructure whose failure would result in substantial damage to society and/or the economy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.401-415
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• 2019

Recently, there has been a lot of studies and efforts to strengthen the stability of critical infrastructures against increasing cyber attacks to critical infrastructures. In this thesis, I defined what cyber threats are, after showing you various definitions about what cyber threats are and what the types are. After studying about significant cyber threats from China, I showed you the realities of cyber threats with the analysis about starting points, types of cyber threats, ratios of attacks and so on. At last, I defined guidelines about unnecessary oversea IP range blocking. Also, I proposed unnecessary oversea IP range blocking methodologies with per information system and per network system. Furthermore, I proposed blocking characteristics per security equipment and security operation improvement and blocking effects and service process to normal oversea users.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.561-572
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• 2009

Nowadays, Eurocodes have become the reference standards for silo design within the European Union. They include new procedures for load assessment and structural verifications aiming to design safer silos. However, many silo manufacturers are still reluctant to use them (or at least all their prescriptions) because of the loss of competitiveness they are experiencing in comparison with former standards. This paper shows how steel cost of flat-bottomed circular silos varies when different silo geometries and stored materials are considered. The influence of critical structural verifications on steel costs, such as buckling of the silo wall, were also analyzed and some conclusions and practical recommendations for silo designers were proposed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.138-145
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• 2019

With the application of digital technology to safety-critical infrastructures, cyber-attacks have emerged as one of the new dangerous threats. In safety-critical infrastructures such as a nuclear power plant (NPP), a cyber-attack could have serious consequences by initiating dangerous events or rendering important safety systems unavailable. Since a cyber-attack is conducted intentionally, numerous possible cases should be considered for developing a cyber security system, such as the attack paths, methods, and potential target systems. Therefore, prior to developing a risk-informed cyber security strategy, the importance of cyber-attacks and significant critical digital assets (CDAs) should be analyzed. In this work, an importance analysis method for cyber-attacks on an NPP was proposed using the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) method. To develop an importance analysis framework for cyber-attacks, possible cyber-attacks were identified with failure modes, and a PSA model for cyber-attacks was developed. For case studies, the quantitative evaluations of cyber-attack scenarios were performed using the proposed method. By using quantitative importance of cyber-attacks and identifying significant CDAs that must be defended against cyber-attacks, it is possible to develop an efficient and reliable defense strategy against cyber-attacks on NPPs.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.292-301
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• 2009

The employment of risk management theory in Urban Disaster Management System (UDMS) has become an important trend in recent years. The viewpoint of risk management is mainly a comprehensive risk assessment of various internal and external factors, and a subsequent handling of risks. Through continuous and systematic accumulation and analysis of risk information, disaster prevention and rescue system is established. Taking risk management theory as the foundation, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has developed a series of UDMS in the mega-cities all over the world. With this system as a common platform, OECD cooperates with different cities to develop disaster prevention and rescue system consisting of vulnerability assessment methods, risk assessment and countermeasures. The paper refers to the urban disaster vulnerability assessment and risk management of OECD and the mega-cities of different advanced and developed countries in the world, and then constructs a preliminarily drafted structure for the vulnerability assessment methods and risk management mechanism in the metropolitan districts of Taiwan.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

In a hyper-connected society, electric power infrastructures and information and communication infrastructures are the core of critical national infrastructures. However, electric power infrastructure is very deadly to high-frequency nuclear electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) threats recently issued by North Korea, so the resilience through rapid recovery after attack is directly related to the survivability of our country. Therefore, electric power infrastructure should take precedence over any other key infrastructure, with preemptive protection measures and fast recovery plans. In this paper, the characteristics of the HEMP threats was examined, and the risks and effective major protection measures of the electric power infrastructures are discussed. In the future, it is expected that it will be able to help establish the direction of enactment and revision of legal schems related to the 'high power EMP infringement prevention' for Korea's electric power infrastructures.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.89-97
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to propose an operation management strategy for the connectivity which are the designated and managed in sector of the transportation and logistics on the national critical infrastructures. The industrial structure is becoming advanced. The national critical infrastructure managed by the shows forms of the cooperative connection and collaborative R&D. Also, in-depth and specific analysis for the disaster safety budget are implemented to consideration for the R&D life cycle. The government responsibility are expanded comprehensively. Needs are exchanging life styles by the economic and safety demands. At this trends, this study encourage facility maintenance and scientific management to the public service. Throughout the result of this study, national critical infrastructure are implementing for protection plan of the sustainable maintenance and management. And, we have to prepare and implement for the consideration of the characteristics through comprehensive guidelines. This study contributes to the disaster and safety management by proposed an operation strategy of the cooperative connection in the sector of transportation and logistic sector on the national critical infrastructure.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2022

The C-ITS (Cooperative-intelligent Transport System) is a driver assistance system that prevents car accidents and enhances traffic conditions, via sharing traffic information between vehicles and roadway infrastructures. A CLAS (changing lane assistance system) for unprotected left-turn, is a C-ITS that assists a driver with safely changing lanes. This system addresses a driver's critical gap, that enables the system to express a driver's uncertainty. A driver's critical gap is a time that can be used in a threshold, to change a lane or not. Unfortunately, a driver's critical gap is difficult to use in a CLAS directly. This paper addresses a driver's critical gap, and how it can be applied in a CLAS for an unprotected left-turn.