• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.551-568
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• 2016

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the difference in the press behavior characteristics of 3D Touch, which is a new touch interaction of smart phones, and the existing 'Tap and Long Press' touch interaction, and to examine behavior changes upon feedbacks. Background: Since 3D Touch is similar to the existing 'Tap and Long Press' touch interactions in terms of press behavior, which is likely to cause interference, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary study on behavior characteristics of touch interactions. Method: In utilization of smart phones with the 3D Touch function to measure press behavior characteristics of touch interaction, an experiment was conducted where 30 subjects were given a task to press 30 buttons of touch interactions on the screen. During the experiment, two press behavior characteristics-maximum touch pressure and press duration-were analyzed. To grasp changes in behaviors upon feedbacks, the task was carried out in a condition where there was no feedback and in a condition where there were feedbacks of specific critical values. Results: While there was no feedback given, subjects tended to press with much strength (318.98gf, 0.60sec) in the case of 3D Touch, and press the Long Press button for a while (157.12gf, 1.10sec) and press the Tap button with little strength only for a short moment (37.92gf, 0.10sec). 3D Touch and Long Press had an area of intersection in time, but when feedbacks of specific critical values were given, there were behavior calibration effects to adjust the press behavior characteristics of 3D Touch and Long Press. Conclusion: Although interferences are expected between 3D Touch and Long Press due to the similarity of press behaviors, feedbacks induce behavior calibration. Hence, once feedbacks were provided with 3D Touch operated in an appropriate condition of critical pressure, interference between two motions can be minimized. Application: The findings of this study are expected to be utilized as a basis for the values of optimal critical pressure, at which users can easily distinguish 3D Touch from Long Press which is the existing touch interaction.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.136-141
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• 2001

In this study, we analysed tree surface flow by using the experimental and numerical method with a different surfactant concentration. We compared numerical solution with experimental results for one-dimensional model. The result shows that in general the tree surface velocity can well be reproduced by the one-dimensional model for various surfactant concentration.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.68-69
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• 2011

Realistic amounts of time delay are found to have significant effects on the average output LED current and on the critical inductor value at the boundary between the two conduction modes. Especially, the time delay can provide an accurate LED current for the peak current controlled (PCC) buck converter with a wide input voltage. Experimental results are presented for the PCC buck LED driver with constant-frequency controller.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 1999

Effects of the process variable in Condebelt press drying including drying temperature, pressure , drying time, and moisture content of the sheets on the paper properties were examined. The experiment was performed with a static rig and Korean OCC was used as raw material. Significant improvement in sheet density, compression strength, tensile strength, surface smoothness ,etc. was obtained when condebelt drying was applied. Control of pressure and inlet dryness was found to be two most critical variables in improving sheet properties.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1992.04a
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• pp.95-98
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• 1992

In large panel structures, the design of joints which interconnect panels, is important deciding the load-bearing capacity of structures. Being various factors in the design of joints, it is difficult to develop a the critical system for the structural analysis of large concrete panel structures. Therefore there is a tendency to depend on the experiment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the strength and the mechanical behavior of vertical joints in large concrete panel structures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.365-366
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• 2009

This study researched into the manufacture of current-limit module of using YBCO coated conductor. Regarding over-current of exceeding the critical current, the quench characteristics were researched according to the stabilizing layer through tendency in resistance, which is generated in conductor, by applying over-current to YBCO coated conductors, which have stabilizing layer. YBCO coated conductors, which were used in experiment, include one kind such as the conductor, which used stainless as the stabilizing layer. The critical current is 70 A. And, the critical temperature is with 90 K. First of all, the quench generation was researched under over-current of exceeding the critical current by using this YBCO coated conductors. The tendency of a rise in the detected voltage according to the applied current was measured. And, the tendency of a rise in resistance through voltage-current curve was measured. As a result, the point of time in thermal quench of conductor, which has stainless as the stabilizing layer, could be confirmed to be fast.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.80 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2017

Background: Previous studies report that apoptosis and autophagy are involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema, and macroautophagy is one of the processes regulating the apoptosis pathway. However, few studies have evaluated whether chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) contributes to the regulation of apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the impact of autophagy, including both macroautophagy and CMA, on the apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells. Methods: Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was injected intratracheally into C57BL/6 mice, and emphysema and apoptosis were evaluated in the lungs. After treatment with CSE, apoptosis, macroautophagy, and CMA were measured in BEAS2-B cells, and the impact of autophagy on the apoptosis was evaluated following knockdown of autophagy-related genes by short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Results: Intratracheal CSE injection resulted in the development of emphysema and an increase in apoptosis in mice. CSE increased the apoptosis in BEAS2-B cells, and also elevated the expression of proteins related to both macroautophagy and CMA in BEAS2-B cells. The knockdown experiment with siRNAs showed that macroautophagy increases apoptosis in BEAS2-B cells, while CMA suppresses apoptosis. Conclusion: The intratracheal injection of CSE induces pulmonary emphysema and an increase in apoptosis in mice. CSE also induces apoptosis, macroautophagy, and CMA of bronchial epithelial cells. Macroautophagy and CMA regulate apoptosis in opposite directions.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

In this study, scaled model tests were carried out to decide the optimal critical velocity, to prevent back layering in the case of fire in a long traffic tunnel. Realistic estimates were made for the time required for people to escape ken the tunnel and far the time required by the ventilation operator to increase the system speed to full capacity. The analysis, predicts that the emergency ventilation will start about 240 seconds after the tunnel fire. It was also found that prevention of back layering would occur within 4 minutes after fan operation. To find out optimal critical velocity, a 1/50 scaled model tunnel(diameter : 0.2 m and length : 20 m) based on the Froude similarity technique was constructed. Changing $\beta$ values in the Tetzner's equation, smoke propagation was observed. From the experiment, it was concluded that using a $\beta$ value of 0.5 to prevent back layering successfully allowed time for safe evacuation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The notched Charpy impact test is one of the most prevalent techniques used to characterize the effect of high impulse loads on polymeric materials. In this study, a method of analysis in nylon plastic materials is suggested to evaluate the critical strain energy release rate for variation of notch angles from the Charpy impact energy measurement. Instrumented Charpy impact tester was used to extract ancillary information concerning fracture parameters in addition to total fracture properties and maximum critical load. The dynamic stress intensity factor of nylon plastic material was calculated for the ASTM Charpy specimen from the obtained maximum critical load. Also, the finite element model was developed to figure out the stress distributions for Charpy specimen with different notch angles subject to 3 point bending load which is equivalent to the load applied in the experiment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.427-439
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• 2013

With the fast development of complex science, lots of social networks are studied. We know that the social network is widely applied in analyzing issues in human culture, economics and web sciences. Recently we witness that some researchers began to compare the social network constructed from fiction literatures(literature social network) and the real social network obtained from practice. But we point that previous approaches for literature social network have some drawbacks since they completely depend on the biographical dictionary constructed for a designated literature. So since the previous approach focus on the few important characters and peoples around them, we can not understand the global structure of all characters appeared in the literature at least once. We propose one method to extract all characters appeared in the literature and how to make the social network from that information. Also we newly propose K-critical network by applying frequency of the named characters and the strength of relationship among all textual characters. Our experiment shows that the K-critical measure could be one crucial quantitative measure to compute the relationship strength among characters appeared in the object literature.