• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.111-113
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• 2015

Floats are used by the parties involved in a construction project. The owner may use float by changing order(s) or by executing risk avoidance plan; the contractor may use it for leveling resources or substituting activities' construction methods to reduce costs. Floats are accepted either just as by-product obtained by critical path method(CPM) scheduling or as asset having significant value. Succinctly, existing studies involved in float value does not consider its' changes on project time domain. It is important to identify float ownership and to quantify its' corresponding values. This paper presents a method that quantifies float value of money that changes over project execution. The method which accurately computes the monetary value of float may contributes to resolve conflicts relative to float ownership and/or delay issues among project participants. It compares the difference between the monetary value of total float - on non-critical path in each and every schedule update. It makes use of critical path method (CPM) and commercial software with which practitioners are already familiar.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.26.1-26.6
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• 2016

Background: Xenologous or synthetic graft materials are commonly used as an alternative for autografts for guided bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of carbonate apatite on the critical-size bone defect of rat's calvarium. Methods: Thirty-six critical-size defects were created on 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rat calvaria under general anesthesia. Calvarial bones were grinded with 8 mm in daimeter bilaterally and then filled with (1) no grafts (control, n = 10 defects), (2) bovine bone mineral (Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$, Geistlich Pharma Ag. Swiss, n = 11 defects), and (3) hydroxyapatite ($Bongros^{(R)}$, Bio@ Inc., Seongnam, Korea, n = 15 defects). At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, the rats were sacrificed and all samples were processed for histological and histomorphometric analysis. Results: At 4 weeks after surgery, group 3 ($42.90{\pm}9.33%$) showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the control ($30.50{\pm}6.05%$) and group 2 ($28.53{\pm}8.62%$). At 8 weeks after surgery, group 1 ($50.21{\pm}6.23%$), group 2 ($54.12{\pm}10.54%$), and group 3 ($50.92{\pm}6.05%$) showed no significant difference in the new bone formation. Conclusions: $Bongros^{(R)}$-HA was thought to be the available material for regenerating the new bone formation.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.567-572
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• 2008

This paper's purpose is to improve determining of the critical response of curved bridge to multi-component seismic motion. There are several methods to combine responses by multi-component excitation response, 30%, 40% rules and square-root-of-sum (SRSS). These combination rules determine same value of critical response in straight bridges. However, each method has critical response value of different magnitude in curved bridges. Thus a study about critical response of curved bridges is required. This paper presents comparison critical responses value as each combination rule, 30%, 40% rules and SRSS on curved bridges with the different radiuses of curvature. This study was carried out by response spectrum analysis of OO IC steel box girder bridge using SAP2000. It is concluded as follows: 1) In curved bridges, 30% and 40% rules tend to underestimate the critical response relatively to SRSS. 2) When bridges have smaller radiuses than 100m, difference between SRSS and 30% or 40% rules let run errors up as radiuses of curvature decreased.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of job stress in hospital nurses. The predictors of job stress were the subject's general characteristics, communication style, critical thinking disposition and job satisfaction. Methods: 294 nurses who had worked in a hospital participated in this study. The data were analysed with descriptive analysis methods including a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: The job stress score for nurses was 111.6. There was a statistically significant difference between job stress and marriage status (p<.001), education (p<.001), clinical career (p<.001), position (p<.001), communication style (p<.001), critical thinking disposition (p<.001), and job satisfaction (p<.001). Critical thinking disposition, job satisfaction and clinical career together accounted for 36.88% of the total variation in job stress. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the development of a nursing intervention program that can lead to an improvement in critical thinking disposition is suggested.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.19-36
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to measure the critical thinking level of activity tasks included in home economics textbooks published under the 2007 Revised National Curriculum. For this purpose, we sampled 3 kinds of Technology-Home Economics textbooks for 7th graders, selected activity tasks contained in the textbooks, and classified them by type. A total of 93 activity tasks were extracted, and they were analyzed using 9 questions on critical thinking prepared based on Kim Young-jung's '9 Elements and 9 Standards of Critical Thinking.' The results of this study were as follows. First, the total score of the critical thinking level of activity tasks in the home economics textbooks was 66.8, which was not high enough to induce learners' critical thinking. Among the sub-categories of critical thinking, the score was high in order of argumentative thinking(83.9), analytical thinking(78.1), and dialectic thinking(38.3). As in the results, the activity tasks were particularly inadequate for inducing dialectic thinking. Second. in the results of analyzing difference in the critical thinking level according to unit, significant difference was observed among the units. Activity tasks in Units 'Adolescents' Self-management'(77.8), 'Adolescents' Consumption life'(75.2), and 'Adolescents' Sex and Peer Relationship'(71.1) induced critical thinking more effectively than those in other units, but activity tasks in Units 'Clothing and Self-expression' (61. 4), 'Adolescents' Development'(60.0), and 'Adolescents' Nutrition and Meals'(59.6) were inadequate for inducing critical thinking. Third, in the results of analyzing difference in the critical thinking level according to activity task type, the level was high in order of 'Inquiry Activities' (75.7), 'Discussions' (74.6), 'Practical Activities'(65.4), and 'Trials' (50.7), and the differences were significant. That is, among activity task types, 'Inquiry Activities' were most effective in inducing learners' critical thinking and 'Trials' were least effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 1999

The purpose of this work is to investigate fatigue damage of quasi-isotropic laminates under tensile loading in different directions. Low cycle fatigue tests of [0/-60/+60]a laminates and [+30/-30/90]s lamina tes were carried out. Material systems used are AS4/Epoxy and AS4/PEEK. The fatigue damage of [+30/-30/90]s is very different from that of [0/-60/+60]s. The position of delamination generated at AS4/Epoxy and AS$/PEEK laminates were differentiated by the matrix difference that is, we suppose, the value of both GIcr(critical energy release rate of mode-I) and GIIIcr(critical energy release rate of mode-III) difference.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

In this paper, we converted an RGB into an YCbCr image input from CCD camera and then after compute difference two consecutive images, conduct Glassfire Labeling. We extract an image become ware of motion-change, if the difference between most broad(area) and Area critical value more than critical value. We enforce the detection of facial characteristics to an extracted motion-change images by using AdaBoost algorithm to extract an characteristics.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.735-749
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• 2004

This work presents a direct integration scheme, based on a fourth order finite difference approach, for elastodynamics. The proposed scheme was chosen as an alternative for attenuating the errors due to the use of the central difference method, mainly when the time-step length approaches the critical time-step. In addition to eliminating the spurious numerical oscillations, the fourth order finite difference scheme keeps the advantages of the central difference method: reduced computer storage and no requirement of factorisation of the effective stiffness matrix in the step-by-step solution. A study concerning the stability of the fourth order finite difference scheme is presented. The Finite Element Method and the Boundary Element Method are employed to solve elastodynamic problems. In order to verify the accuracy of the proposed scheme, two examples are presented and discussed at the end of this work.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2021

In this study, the artistic background and formative nature of representative 19th century realist artists Gustave Courbet and Honoré Daumier were analyzed and applied in a fashion context. By displaying representational desires (necessary adhesions of man and society) in their work, they became characteristic matrixes of critical realism and to perceive critical realism. The purpose of the study was to apply the characteristics of critical realism to the contemporary fashion collections of Alexander McQueen. Research was conducted to analyze the characteristics that appear in the field of fashion and to review methods of expression and internal aesthetics displayed through various aspects of fashion design. Characteristics of critical realism were analyzed by researching the formativeness and periodical background of the paintings of Courbet and Daumier. Based on these characteristics, analysis was conducted to identify critical realism in the fashion collections of Alexander McQueen. Data and scope included fashion information sites, internet photo data, and video material. Critical realist characteristics were categorized into five types as follows: 'The proper borrowing of extremely realistic subjects signifies', 'satirical reconstruction and narrative composition', 'antipathetic distortions and abject representations', 'critical reproductions based on technology', and 'the maximization of ambivalent sexuality'. It was concluded that the characteristics of critical realism (recognized by the common formation of Courbet and Daumier) also appeared in Alexander McQueen's fashion collection but were inherited in a form that transcended pictorial expression due to the overall difference in use of visual arts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.180-183
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• 2001

Direct marketing in the form of Internet Commerce and TV Home Shopping became the focus of concern for Korean companies. Despite the importance of research in these interactive systems, few studies have been performed on the consumer behavior in TV Home Shopping. This study explores what factors consumers perceive critical in these interactive systems, and analyzes the difference in consumer perception with respect to these critical factors.